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Determination of Carbon Dioxide Concentration in CO2 Supplemental Greenhouse for Tomato Cultivation during Winter and Spring Seasons

겨울과 봄철의 CO2 시비 토마토 온실에서 온도에 따른 CO2 농도 구명

  • Su-Hyun Choi (Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Korea National Open University) ;
  • Young-Hoe Woo (Department of Horticulture Environment System, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries) ;
  • Dong-Cheol Jang (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Young-Ae Jeong (Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Korea National Open University) ;
  • Seo-A Yoon (Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Korea National Open University) ;
  • Dae-Hyun Kim (Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ho-Seok Seo (Seedware Ltd.) ;
  • Eun-Young Choi (Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Korea National Open University)
  • 최수현 (한국방송통신대학교 대학원 농업생명과학과) ;
  • 우영회 (국립한국농수산대학교 원예환경시스템학과) ;
  • 장동철 (강원대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 정영애 (한국방송통신대학교 대학원 농업생명과학과) ;
  • 윤서아 (한국방송통신대학교 대학원 농업생명과학과) ;
  • 김대현 (강원대학교 스마트농업융합학과) ;
  • 서호석 ((주)시드웨어) ;
  • 최은영 (한국방송통신대학교 대학원 농업생명과학과)
  • Received : 2023.10.09
  • Accepted : 2023.10.26
  • Published : 2023.10.31

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the changes in CO2 concentration according to the temperatures of daytime and nighttime in the CO2 supplemental greenhouse, and to compare calculated supplementary CO2 concentration during winter and spring cultivation seasons. CO2 concentrations in experimental greenhouses were analyzed by selecting representative days with different average temperatures due to differences in integrated solar radiation at the growth stage of leaf area index (LAI) 2.0 during the winter season of 2022 and 2023 years. The CO2 concentration was 459, 299, 275, and 239 µmol·mol-1, respectively at 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.m. after the CO2 supplementary time (10:00-13:00) under the higher temperature (HT, > 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 31.7, 26.8, 23.8, and 22.4℃, respectively), while it was 500, 368, 366, 364 µmol·mol-1, respectively under the lower temperature (LT, < 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 22.0, 18.9, 15.0, and 13.7℃, respectively), indicating the CO2 reduction was significantly higher in the HT than that of LT. During the nighttime, the concentration of CO2 gradually increased from 6 p.m. (346 µmol·mol-1) to 3 a.m. (454 µmol·mol-1) in the HT with a rate of 11 µmol·mol-1 per hour (240 tomatoes, leaf area 330m2), while the increase was very lesser under the LT. During the spring season, the CO2 concentration measured just before the start of CO2 fertilization (7:30 a.m.) in the CO2 enrichment greenhouse was 3-4 times higher in the HT (>15℃ nighttime temperature avg.) than that of LT (< 15℃ nighttime temperature avg.), and the calculated amount of CO2 fertilization on the day was also lower in HT. All the integrated results indicate that CO2 concentrations during the nighttime varies depending on the temperature, and the increased CO2 is a major source of CO2 for photosynthesis after sunrise, and it is necessary to develop a model formula for CO2 supplement considering the nighttime CO2 concentration.

본 연구는 겨울과 봄철의 CO2 시비 토마토 온실에서 낮과 밤의 온도 변화에 따른 CO2 농도 변화를 구명하고 계산된 CO2 공급량을 비교하고자 수행하였다. 온실 내 CO2 농도는 2022년과 2023년의 겨울철 실험 온실에서 생육단계가 LAI 2.0인 대표적인 날들 중 누적광량 차이로 인한 평균 온도가 다른 날을 선정하여 분석하였다. 평균 온도 18℃ 이상의 경우(고온, HT), CO2 공급 시간대(10:00-13:00) 이후 13, 14, 15, 16시에 각각 31.7, 26.8, 23.8, 22.4℃일 때 CO2 농도는 459, 299, 275, 239µmol·mol-1이었고 평균 온도 18℃ 이하의 경우(저온, LT), 22.0, 18.9, 15.0, 13.7℃일 때 각각 500, 368, 366, 364µmol·mol-1으로 HT에서 CO2 감소량이 LT보다 유의적으로 높았다. 야간 CO2 농도는 HT의 경우 오후 6시(346µmol·mol-1) 부터 서서히 증가되어 오전 3시(454µmol·mol-1)에 가장 높았으며 9시간 동안 약 100µmol·mol-1이 증가되어 시간당 약 11µmol·mol-1이 증가되었고(토마토 240개체, 엽면적 330m2), LT에서는 그 증가폭이 낮았다. 봄철 CO2 시비 온실에서 CO2 시비 개시 직전(오전 7:30)에 측정된 CO2 농도는 야간온도가 15℃ 이상의 경우(HT)는 15℃ 이하의 경우(LT)보다 3-4배 높은 것으로 나타났으며 그날의 계산된 공급 CO2 시비량도 HT에서 적었다. 본 연구결과에서 야간 CO2 농도는 재배 시기에 따른 온도의 영향을 받으며, 야간에 증가된 CO2는 광합성 작용의 주요 공급원이 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 고려한 CO2 공급 모델식 개발이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 재단법인 스마트팜연구개발사업단(농림식품기술기획평가원 과제번호: 421040-04)의 지원을 받아 수행되었음.

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