• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.181-205
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• 1997

There has been considerable controversy over the impacts of the tax credit on R&D expenditures in many countries. Korea has adopted various kinds of tax credit system to stimulate private firm' R&D expenditures. Korean government, Recently, is trying to reform tax system to reduce tax credit programmes according to Uruguay Round agreement and in line with OECD policy standards. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of current tax credit system on technology innovation in Korea and derive some policy implications over tax reform. In this paper, firstly, I investigate the size of tax reduction effects from each program in theoretical models and simulate the actual rate of individual tax incentive to a unit of R&D expenditure. I find that theoretically the reserve fund for technology development program has given the largest tax reduction effects to private firms irrespective of the R&D incentive system reform. Tax credit on R&D expenditure also has been very effective instrument to firm's tax reduction. Secondly, I try to measure the effectiveness of tax credit through the estimation of effective margianl tax rate between with the system and without the system of credit on R&D expenditure during the tax credit reform periods. I find that the tax credit on R&D has lowered firm's investment cost since the system introduced. I also have strong results that there has been a positive relation between the fluctuation of firm's R&D expenditure and the change of effective marginal tax rate. I suggest that it is better to sustain the system of tax credit on R&D for a while to increase firm's R&D expenditure.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.213-226
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• 2005

Adverse selection is a heavily scrutinized subject within the financial intermediary industry. Consensus is reached regarding its effect on the loan interest rate. Despite the similar features of financial service offered by the credit card, we still have controversy regarding credit card interest rate on how is adverse selection incurred with the change of interest rate. Thus, this paper explores how does the adverse selection, if ever, take place and affect the credit card interest rate. Information asymmetry regarding the credit card users' type represented by the default probability is assumed. The users are assumed to be rational in that they want to minimize the per unit dollar expense associated with the commercial transaction and financing between the two typical payment methods, cash and credit card. Suppliers, i.e. credit card companies, would like to maximize their profit and would be better off with more pervasive use of credit cards over the cash. Then we could show that the increasing credit card interest rate is subject to the adverse selection, sharing the same tenet with that of the bank loan interest rate proposed by Stiglitz and Weiss. Hence the current theory predicts that credit card market also suffers from adverse selection with increasing interest rate.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 1995

This paper deals with the problem of determining optimal credit period and production lot size from the perspective of producer. We assume that a ratailer jointly determines the unit retail price and order size to maximize profit when he/she puechases a product for which the producer offers a trade credit. Two widely used demand functions are adopted for the study in which demands are decreasing function of the retail price. Mathematical models for producer-retailer system are developed and a solution procedure is presented which show how to achieve an optimal length of trade credit and production lot size for producer. The effect of production rate on the behavior of both producer and retailer is also investigated using an example.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

Korea has introduced Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (Korea ETS) since 2015. However, not many companies voluntarily participate in the emissions trading. The goal of this paper is to provide the way to improve the Korea ETS. This study compares the Korea ETS with EU Emissions Trading System, which has been practiced for a decade, and suggests three strategies to activate the Korea Emissions Trading Scheme. The first thing is to encourage more companies to participate in the emissions trading since the number of companies in the emissions trading in Korea is quite limited compared with that of EU. The second thing is to activate the trading of Korean Credit Unit in order to stimulate various emission reduction mechanisms. Currently, the most of the trading in the emissions market is through the Korean Allowance Unit. The third thing is to establish concrete measures to continuously improve the Korea ETS. A comprehensive evaluation of the Korea ETS is needed along with the ongoing convergence with the associated comments. The improvement of Korea ETS would be one of the most efficient ways to compete the climate change, and would also play a role to raise the status of Korea.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.624-634
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• 2016

Nuclear criticality safety analyses (NCSAs) considering burnup credit were performed for the GBC-32 cask. The used nuclear fuel assemblies (UNFAs) discharged from Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3 Cycle 6 were loaded into the cask. Their axial burnup distributions and average discharge burnups were evaluated using the DeCART and Multi-purpose Analyzer for Static and Transient Effects of Reactors (MASTER) codes, and NCSAs were performed using SCALE 6.1/STandardized Analysis of Reactivity for Burnup Credit using SCALE (STARBUCS) and Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code, version 6 (MCNP 6). The axial burnup distributions were determined for 20 UNFAs with various initial enrichments and burnups, which were applied to the criticality analysis for the cask system. The UNFAs for 20- and 30-year cooling times were assumed to be stored in the cask. The criticality analyses indicated that $k_{eff}$ values for UNFAs with nonuniform axial burnup distributions were larger than those with a uniform distribution, that is, the end effects were positive but much smaller than those with the reference distribution. The axial burnup distributions for 20 UNFAs had shapes that were more symmetrical with a less steep gradient in the upper region than the reference ones of the United States Department of Energy. These differences in the axial burnup distributions resulted in a significant reduction in end effects compared with the reference.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the educational bojective, organization, contents, teaching and evaluation of the biological curriculum in high school of Korea and the United States. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In case of the educational objectives, both Korea and the United States emphasize the importance of the process of inquiry, experimentation and observation. Particularily, great emphasis is placed upon the human centered curriculum by reinforcing the relationships between the nature and human being. 2. In regard to the educational organization, eleven credit units(Science I: 5 credits, Biology: 6 credits) is allocated in Korea, and ten credit unit, in the United States. Both of Korea and United Stats designate the biology as elective course. But the science I course is designated as required in Korea 3. This study have been analyzed the educational contents of the two countries within the framwork of the basic concepts and essential informations contained in the curriculum. Results of the analysis as follow: The educational contents have less quantity and lower level in Korea than in the United States. And interrelations among the other curricula are not well considered in the curriculum of Korea/ On the other hands, interrelations among the oter curricula are fully considered and the purpose for emphasizing the importance of the process of inquiry course is well considered in the United States. The themes are stressed on "Structure and Function" (34.5%), "Genetic continuty" (21.3%), "Diversity and Unit" (14.2%) and "Regulation and Homeostasis" (10.3%) in Korea, and in the United States "Structure and Function" (27.3%), "Diversity and Unity" (25.6%), "Genetic continuty" (17.9%) and "Organism and Environment" (9.3%). 4. Regarding the educational guidance, both of Korea and the United States emphasis the interrelation of the basic concepts and principles within the total framwork. Also observation and experimentation, safety education, interest of students, life dignity, pretection of nature, social biology are reguired being paid special attentions. 5. In case of evaluation, both of Korea and the United States are the same in all of methods of evaluation. But the United States is grest stressed on reading and writing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1986

A test is made for a method to determine reliable bias in the criticality safety analysis of spent fuel storage pool with turnup credit between the reference and rack criticality calculation methods. The spent fuel pool of Kori Unit 1 is conceptually redesigned to the most compact rack with turnup credit, and its multiplication factors are calculated depending on fuel enrichment and burnup, by the Monte Carlo code KENO-IV as a reference and by a two-dimensional collision probability code FATAC as a practical method. Then, the computed values with the help of the above two computer codes are compared to evaluate the bias and its trend in terms of multiplication factor on fuel enrichment and turnup. The result indicates that the bias can be determined with reliability basis but without any disadvantage in criticality safety margin compared with the conventional method.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-198
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of new BIS regulation, which is the preparations to incorporate not only credit risk but also market and operation risk, on the bank behaviors. As methodology, SUR(seemingly unrelated regression) and pool unit test are used in the empirical analysis of banks survived in Korea. It is employed that quarterly data of BIS capital ratio, ratio of standard and below loans to total loans, ratio of liquid assets to liquid liabilities, allowances for credit losses, real GDP, yields of corporate bonds(3years, AA) covering the period of 2000Q1~2009Q1. As a result, it could be indicated that effectiveness and promoting improvements of BIS capital regulation policy as follows; First, it is explicitly seen that weight of lending had decreased and specific gravity of international investment had increased until before BIS regulation is built up a step for revised agreement in late 2001. Second, after more strengthening of BIS standard in late 2002, banks had a tendency to decrease the adjustment of assets weighted risk through issuing of national loan that is comparatively low profitability. Also, it is implicitly sought that BIS regulation is a bit of a factor to bring about credit crunch and then has become a bit of a factor of economic stagnation. Third, as the BIS regulation became hard, it let have a effort to raise the soundness of a credit loan because of selecting good debtor based on its credit ratings. Fourth, it should be arranged that the market disciplines, the effective superintendence system and the sound environment to be able to raise enormous bank capital easily, against the credit stringency and reinforce the soundness of banks etc. in Korea capital market.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a 'Healthy Couple Relationship' curriculum(plan) for high school home economics based on backward design. In this study, the content elements of 'Healthy Couple Relationship' were extracted through literature analysis, and the need for contents of 'Healthy Couple Relationship' was surveyed in 197 families of home economics teachers and 154 high school students. Based on this, the 'Healthy Couple Relationship' curriculum(plan) of high school home economics curriculum was developed as the backward design, and it was verified by the expert group. The results are as follows: First, when measured on a 5-point Likert scale, the mean scores of the need for content elements of 'Healthy Couple Relationship' was 4.39 for teachers, and 4.02 for students, respectively. The content elements of 'understanding dating violence' was 4.70 for teachers and 4.19 for students. Second, the developed 'Healthy Couple Relationship' curriculum consists of two templates, one for each unit, including curriculum goals, unit composition and unit goals, 8 learning subjects and content elements, evaluation plans including 24 lesson plans. In this study, it is meaningful to propose a "Healthy Couple Relationship" curriculum as an elective course in high school home economics curriculum in preparation for the high school credit system, and to lay the foundations for opening elective courses.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-7
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• 2015

Entrepreneurship has been considered as an engine to lead economy, which has been resulting in a focus on entrepreneurship education to promote entrepreneurship. This paper focuses on science and engineering students, and analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship level. The response results of 950 students (34 universities) were as follows. First, the entrepreneurship level of science and engineering students are a little high but not as significant more than non-science and engineering. Second, science and engineering students have an impact on the level of entrepreneurship about entrepreneurship courses. Third, entrepreneurship courses and clubs have an effect on entrepreneurship level. As a conclusion, we have to improve the quality of entrepreneurship education, recognize startup as a credit, and build up entrepreneurship education ecosystem through the local area network.