• Mycobiology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2000

Twenty-three isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from decayed citrus fruits in the fields and storages in 1998-1999. Of them, six and five isolates belonged to F. proliferatum and F. moniliforme, respectively, which were the most common. F. solani and F. sambucinum had each two isolates, F. equiseti had one isolate and seven isolates were unidentified. They produced symptoms of two types in pathogenicity test: those with leathery, beige to light or dark brown, and sunken lesions without surface mycelium (type-1) and those with lesions covered with white, beige or pink surface mycelium (type-2). Four of six isolates identified to F. proliferatum and two unidentified isolates produced type-1 lesions, and all isolates identified to F. moniliforme, F. solani, F. sambucinum, F. equiseti and five unidentified isolates produced type-2 lesions.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2003

To develope natural food preservatives antimicrobial effect of the natural products against food-related bacteria and yeast The purpose of this study was evaluate antimicrobial effect of the citrus seeds. antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts from the citrus seeds investigate against Escherichia coli O26, Staphylococcus aureus 6358, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IBM 4274, Bacillus licheuiformis 9945a and Alcoligenes faecalis. Citrus seeds is containing to moisture 4∼6.5%, curd protein 11∼15%, curd lipid 32∼46%, curd carbohydrate 22∼45 % and ash 2∼4 %, that is containing to flavornoid 12∼48mg% and phenolic compound 22∼53mg%. Solidity content of the methanol extract from the citrus seeds was 0.8∼1.2%. Almost all of the methanol extracts from citrus seeds exhibited growth inhibiting activities for most of microorganisms tested. The methanol extracts from Citrus grandis, C. sunki, C. sulcata showed the growth inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli O26. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C. sulcata, C. aurantium showed the growth inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus 6358. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C. sulcata, C. tangerina showed the growth inhibitory effects against Saccharomyces cerevisiae IBM 4274. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C sunki, C. sulcata, C. tangerinan, C. natsudaidai, C. iyo, C. aurantium showed the growth inhibitory effects against Bacillus licheuiformis 9945a. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C sunki, C. sulcata, C. aurantium showed the growth inhibitory effects against Alcoligenes faecalis. Among this especially, Showed growth inhibiting activity of the methanol extracts from Citrus sulcata that about microorganisms investigated. If apply searching suitable application method about such the citrus seeds antimicrobial activity, role as good antimicorbial material in storage or cooking of food, processing is expected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.178-183
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• 1980

1979년 제주도에서 생산된 감귤을 제주시와 서귀포의 시장을 중심으로 50점을 채취하고 또 감귤원의 개원년수에 따라 5년, 10년, 15년, 20년, 그리고 30년된 포장에서는 각각 10점씩의 감귤을 채취하여 농약잔류수준을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 유기인계살충제로는 EPN이, 또 유기염소계 살충제로는 Kelthane이 가장 많이 검출되었다. 2. 시장조사의 경우에 EPN은 $0.009{\sim}0.025\;ppm$ 수준에서 총 시료중 26%가 검출되 었고, Kelthane은 trace-0.007 ppm 사이에서 모든 시료로부터 검출되었다. 3. 포장시료인 경우에는 시장시료와 비슷한 잔류수준을 나타냈으며, 특히 Kelthane잔류량은 15년 이상의 과원에서 10년이하의 과원보다 다소 높았다. 4. 이들 조사된 감귤중의 농약잔류수준은 외국의 농약잔류허용량에 비하여 아주 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1999

Citrus tristeza virus(CTV), an aphid-borne closterovirus, is one of the most destructive pathogens of citrus. It has caused rapid decline in growth, stem pitting and death in citrus trees. A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for detection of CTV and investigation of the CTV infection status of citrus and its related cultivars in Cheju island. For RT-PCR based CTV detection, primers were designed to amplify 670bp of coat protein gene. A screening test for CTV in citrus cultivars was conducted from March to July in 1999. Seventy individual citrus trees representing 9 species of 3 genera were tested. The infection rates of CTV for leaves from the years or older trees of late maturing citrus varieties such as Yuzu (C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), Navel orange (C.sinensis Osbeck), Kiyomitanger (C. unshiu x C. sinensis), and Shiranuhi ((C. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata) were 100%, 80%, 60%, and 60% respectively. The CTV infection rates in Early satsuma mandarins such as 'Miyagawa Early' Satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marc. var. Miyagawa) and 'Okitsu Early' Satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marc. var. Okitsu) were 100%, and 60%, respectively. CTV was not detected in Cheju native Dangyooja (C. unshiu Marc. var. Osbeck), Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and Kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle). In conclusion, RT-PCR assay can be successfully applied to the detection of CTV in citrus trees.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2014

감귤 궤양병은 Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc)에 의해 발생하는 감귤에서 매우 중요한 병 중에 하나이다. 비록 한국에서 대부분 재배되는 감귤인 온주밀감은 감귤 궤양병에 대해 중도저항성이긴 하지만 지난 10년전 이래로 자주 발생되었다. 감귤에서 다른 병과 마찬가지로 감귤 궤양병도 포장에서 주로 화학농약에 의해 방제되고 있다. 농약의 부작용으로 인해 최근 다른 방제 수단이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Xcc에 직접적인 항균 활성이 있는 식물근권세균 TRH423-3, MRL408-3, THJ609-3, TRH415-2을 선발하였다. 선발된 식물근권세균을 감귤 잎에 전 처리하였더니 감귤 궤양병균을 접종한 후 병 발생이 억제되었다. 유사하게, 포장 실험에서도 선발된 식물근권세균을 여러 차례 살포한 감귤나무에서 무처리한 나무에 비해 병이 적게 진전 되었다. 따라서 선발된 식물근권세균이 친환경 감귤농가에서 대체 수단으로 가치가 있다고 생각된다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the growth prediction model that can predict growth and development information influencing on the production of citrus fruits. The growth model was developed to predict the floral leaf ratio, number of fruit sets, fruit width, and overweight fruits depending on the main period of growth and development by considering the weather factors because the fruit production is influenced by weather depending on the growth and development period. To predict the outdoor-grown citrus fruit production, the investigation result for the standard farms is used as the basic data; in this study, we also understood that the influence of weather factors on the citrus fruit production based on the data from 2004 to 2013 of the outdoor-grown citrus fruit observation report in which the standard farms were targeted by the Agricultural Research Service and suggested the growth and development information prediction model with the weather information as an independent variable to build the observation model. The growth and development model for outdoor-grown citrus fruits was assumed by using the Ordinary Least Square method (OLS), and the developed growth prediction model can make a prediction in advance with the weather factors prior to the observation investigation for the citrus fruit production. To predict the growth and development information of the production of citrus fruits having a great ripple effect as a representative crop in Jeju agriculture, the prediction result regarding the production applying the weather factors depending on growth and development period could be applied usefully.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.271-291
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• 2022

Pectin methylesterase (PME) plays an important role in vegetative and reproductive development and biotic/abiotic stress responses by regulating the degree of methyl-esterification of pectic polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. PMEs are encoded by a large multigene family in higher land plant genomes. In general, the expression of plant PME genes shows tissue- or cell-specific patterns and is induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In this study, we identified PME multigene family members (CsPMEs) from the sweet orange genome and report detailed molecular characterization and expression profiling in different citrus tissues and two fruit developmental stages. We also discussed the possible functional roles of some CsPME genes by comparing them with the known functions of PMEs from other plant species. We identified 48 CsPME genes from the citrus genome. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the identified CsPMEs were divided into two groups/types. Some CsPMEs showed very close phylogenetic relationships with the PMEs whose functions were formerly addressed in Arabidopsis, tomato, and maize. Expression profiling showed that some CsPME genes are highly or specifically expressed in the leaf, root, flower, or fruit. Based on the phylogenetic relationships and gene expression profiling results, we suggest that some CsPMEs could play functional roles in pollen development, pollen tube growth, cross incompatibility, root development, embryo/seed development, stomata movement, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Our results shed light on the biological roles of individual CsPME isoforms and contribute to the search for genetic variations in citrus genetic resources.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2017

In a series of investigations to develop a potential anti-obese agent, we prepared a immature Citrus fruits (IMF) and compared its lipid excretion effects to those of Citrus fruits (MF, CP, JP) in an ICR mouse model of obesity induced by a high fat diet. The body weights of IMF fed mice were found to be significantly lower from 2 weeks oral administration, despite the fact that their food intakes were similar to that of the HFD control mice. The fecal cholesterol content showed a significant increase in IMF (52.0 mg/g) at 7 weeks oral administration, and mature Citrus fruits (MF, 41.3 mg/g), immature Citrus peel (CP, 32.2 mg/g), mature Citrus peel (JP, 30.0 mg/g) respectively. And also, the triglyceride content in the feces showed a significant increase in MF (14.6 mg/g), and IMF (14.2 mg/g), CP (10.5 mg/g) and JP (10.0 mg/g), respectively. On the other hand, in the inhibition activity of pancreatic lipase, MF (0.78 nmol/min/ml) showed the greatest decrease in glycerol, CP (0.79 nmol/min/ml), JP, (0.93 nmol/min/ml) and IMF (1.42 nmol/min/ml).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2001

Eight flavonoids, including rutin, naringin, hesperidin, quercetin, hesperetin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-methoxylated flavone, and tangeretin, in the peels of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) species of Halla, Gungcheon, Hungjin, Namgam-20, Illnam-1, and Chungdo harvested between August and December were analyzed through HPLC. Hesperidin content of Halla harvested during early maturation was 28.70 mg/g, and was the highest among the tested citrus fruits. Rutin content of Hungjin harvested during early maturation was 2.66 mg/g. Naringin in all citrus species and hesperetin in Halla, Gungchun, Namgam-20, and Chungdo were only detected in the peel of fruits harvested during early maturation. Hesperidin and rutin were detected mainly in all citrus species, and other flavonoids in trace. Flavonoid content in the peel of fruits was high during early maturation. Flavonoid contents in the peels of all fruit samples were generally high in the early stage of maturation, which then decreased rapidly.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2010

We have subjected to gamma-irradiation to citrus buds and then grafted onto mature citrus tree. Mutant citrus branch lines have been induced. As a result of first selection, we found the several mutant lines showing interesting phenotypes such as higher sugar content. We have selected several branches showing good qualities such as higher sweetness and/or lower acidity. Some branch lines showed over $13^{\circ}Brix$ sugar content and below 0.9% acidity. Other mutant branch lines showed the changes of shape, size, peel thickness, and fiber contents or distribution of fruits. The results suggest that gamma-irradiation is an effective tool for induction of citrus mutant lines.