• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

본 연구는 우사의 향방에 의한 사육장 바닥면의 조건이 육우의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명할 목적으로 체중 570kg 내외의 거세한우 16두를 남, 북향 톱밥 자리깃 사육장에 각 8두씩 임의배치하고, 16주일간 사양시험을 실시한 후 증체율, 사료효율 및 도축성적을 분석하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 투광성이 양호한 남향 사육장의 바닥면은 시험기간 중 표면의 건조 상태가 좋았으나 햇볕의 효과가 적은 북향 사육장은 결빙기 이전까지 다습하고 불규칙한 표면 상태를 나타내다가 결빙기에는 표면이 심하게 돌출 된 상태로 결빙되어 비육우의 휴식과 거동에 지장을 주었다. 남향 사육장과 북향 사육장에 수용된 거세우의 두당 일 평균 사료섭취량은 각각 10.39kg 및 10.32kg으로서 유의차가 없었으나 일당증체량은 각각 0.75kg과 0.64kg으로 나타나 표면 상태가 불량한 북향사육장이 14.3% 적었으며(p<0.05), 사료요구율은 각각 13.91 및 16.12로서 15.9%가 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 증체당 TDN 섭취량(TDN/gain)은 각각 11.47 및 13.25로 나타나 사료이용효율은 15.5%가량 저하되었다. 한편, 남쪽과 북쪽 사육장에서 사육된 거세우간의 출하체중, 도체중량, 도체율, 육량등급 및 육질의 통계적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 사육장의 위치로 인하여 바닥표면의 상태가 불량한 조건의 깔짚 축적식 우사에서 비육말기 거세우를 사육할 경우, 활동에너지 소비량의 증가와 휴식 시 접촉면을 통한 전도열의 손실요인이 발생하여 증체율 및 사료효율이 크게 저하될 수 있다는 점이 본 연구를 통해 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 육우사육에서 축사의 방향 및 지붕자재 선정의 중요성을 시사한다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2024

Background: The climate of Korean peninsula is characterized by four distinct seasons. In recent years, global warming has accelerated, and summers in Korea are typically hot and humid. However, the precise extent of climatic damage caused in Hanwoo farming has not yet been reported, by long raise periods. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of birth and slaughter season on economical carcass characteristics in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: Hanwoo steer carcass data was collected from the Korean Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation database for 2021-2022. Hanwoo birth and slaughter season was classified as spring (March-May), summer (June-August), fall (September-November), and winter (December-February). Results: The carcass mass and loin area were significantly higher in winter- and spring-born Hanwoo than in summer- and fall-born cattle. However, back fat thickness was significantly higher in winter- and spring-slaughtered steers than in summer-slaughtered cattle. In addition, the marbling score was highest in summer-slaughtered steers, but meat yield grade differed between Hanwoo steers of different ages. Conclusions: Out results indicate that carcass mass and loin area were correlated with birth season, whereas back fat thickness and marbling score were related with slaughter season. These results will contribute to improving meat production quality in the Hanwoo industry.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2001

To examine the prevalence and types of kidney lesions in Korean cattle, a survey was carried out at a abattoir in september 2000 and January 2001. The collected kidneys were examined grossly and histopathologically and investigated for the patterns of renal diseases with considering season and sex. Of 735 cattle (99 bulls and 246 cows in September and 140 bulls, 3 steers, and 247 cows in January) surveyed, 301 (41%) cattle had various renal lesions. The most common prominent finding was focal or multiple interstitial nephritis (36.2%). Other lesions included focal or multiple renal cyst (9.1%), infarction (0.1%), hemorrhage (0.3%), and renal atrophy (0.3%). Microscopically, main pathological lesions were acute or chronic interstitial nephritis with moderate infiltration of neutrophil or lymphocyte, respectively. Finally, the kidney lesions are more or less correlated with the meat quality, especially in female Korean cattle.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.832-848
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• 2024

This study was carried out to assess the quality properties, components associated with taste and aroma of beef as a function of breed. For this purpose, steers from four Korean native cattle breeds: Hanwoo (n=10), Chikso (n=10), black Hanwoo (n=12, BHW) and Jeju black cattle (n=12, JBC) were used. The steers all were raised under identical conditions and finished at a similar age of around 30-months old. Following 24 h of slaughter, all longissimus lumborum muscles were collected and used for analysis of meat quality, fatty acids, and flavor-related components (metabolic compounds, free amino acids, and aroma volatiles). The Hanwoo presented a significantly higher intramuscular fat content (IMF, 22.85%) than the BHW (11.78%), Chikso (9.25%), and JBC (9.14%; p<0.05). The meat of Hanwoo breed showed lighter and redder color, and lower shear force value (p<0.05). The JBC presented a "healthier" fatty acid profiles as it had a higher total unsaturated fatty acids content (p<0.05). With regard to flavorrelated components, Hanwoo also had higher total contents of free amino acids and metabolites associated with umami and sweet tastes, and fat-derived volatile compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones) associated with fatty aroma. It may be concluded that there was a considerable difference in the meat quality properties among breeds. The variations of IMF content and flavor-related components may be the main factors contributing to the typical flavors of beef among the four Korean native cattle breeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1064-1075
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• 2021

Recently, a high level of dietary crude protein (CP) has become of interest as a possible practice to improve the carcass quality of beef cattle, and its level has been increasing in the field. However, there is little scientific evidence that supports this. This study was conducted to test whether a high dietary CP level would improve growth performance, body metabolism, and carcass traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. A total of 32 Hanwoo finishing beef cattle (18 multiparous cows, six heifers, and eight steers) participated in a 12-weeks feeding trial. Two kinds of total mixed rations were prepared to contain two different CP; 156 g/kg for the control (CON) and 173 g/kg of CP for the treatment (HCP), while maintaining a similar level of metabolizable energy. The experiment was ended when more than half of the steers reached the target body weight (730 kg). Blood was collected at the end of the experiment. After harvesting, the carcass trait was evaluated at the slaughterhouse according to Korean standards. The carcass yield score and grade were also calculated based on revised criteria. Overall, dry matter intake, average daily gain, blood metabolites concentration, and the carcass traits, except for backfat thickness and the yield score, did not differ between the treatments. The HCP had lower backfat thickness than those of CON. There was no difference in the carcass yield grade, but the yield score was higher in the HCP treatment. According to the newly revised carcass grading criteria, both yield score and grade were higher in HCP than in CON. Increasing CP supply decreased the carcass's backfat thickness without altering growth performance and body metabolism, resulting in improved yield score and grade. Therefore, feeding a high CP diet may be beneficial in the farm income, although it may also increase feed cost and nitrogen excretion to the environment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.97-99
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine whether subcutaneous temperature (ST) was correlated with rectal temperature (RT) in cattle with inducing artificial fever. In order to determine the correlation between their temperatures, the experiment was performed as follow: Among nine Holstein steers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered at a dose of $0.5{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to six Holstein steer, then, 6 ml of saline was administrated to three steers as a control group. After LPS injection, ST was recorded using subcutaneously implanted thermo-logger sensors at 10-min intervals, and RT was measured using a digital thermometer at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 h. In steers with LPS injection, RT was highest at 3 to 4 h and recovered to a pre-challenge temperature at 8-22 h. A similar fluctuation was shown in ST except for an unexpected decrease at 1 h, and a positive correlation between RT and ST was observed in LPS-challenged steers (r = 0.497, P = 0.04). This result suggests that ST could be utilized as an index for early detection of infectious diseases or physiological events.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to study the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean native beef cattle) steers (Experiment 1) and the nutrient digestibility of sheep (Experiment 2) when the animals fed diets containing four levels of dried wormwood (Artemisia sp.). For both experiments the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and concentrate mixed at 3:7 ratio (on DM basis). In Experiment 1, the treatments were designed as a completely randomized design with two feeding periods. Steers were allotted in one of four dietary treatments, which were designed to progressively substitute dried wormwood for 0, 3, 5 and 10% of the rice straw in the basal diet. Bodyweight gain and average daily gain (ADG) of Hanwoo steers fed diets containing the 5 and 10% wormwood inclusion were greater (p<0.05) than the 3% wormwood-feeding group. Total and daily intakes of roughage and concentrate were not altered by all levels of dried wormwood inclusion. However, the 10% dried wormwood inclusion led to increased total feed intake (p<0.05) compared with that of the 0 and 3% of dried wormwood inclusion. Carcass weight, carcass yield and backfat thickness were not altered by dried wormwood inclusion. The highest level of dried wormwood inclusion resulted in significantly increased (p<0.05) loin-eye area compared with the 0 and 5% levels of dried wormwood inclusion. Experiment 2 was designed by a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with four periods. Sheep were allocated in one of four dietary treatments as same as in Experiment 1. Digestibilities of DM and TDN were significantly increased (p<0.05) in sheep fed the diet containing all three levels of dried wormwood inclusion compared with the control treatment. Digestibilities of CP and crude fiber in the 5% dried wormwood inclusion highly increased (p<0.05) up to 8.2 and 5.5% respectively relative to the control treatment. The palatability was significantly improved (p<0.05) by the 5% dried wormwood inclusion compared with the control treatment. It is concluded that feeding diets containing dried wormwood substituted for equal weights of rice straw at 5 and 10% levels would be anticipated to provide better quality roughage for beef cattle production and higher income for beef cattle producers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.952-959
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate growth, behavior and carcass traits of fattening Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) steers managed in different group sizes. A total of 48 animals, 6 months of age, were allocated to one of three group sizes and the experiment was conducted from 12 to 30 months of age. Groups were balanced for weight and the group sizes consisted of 4, 8, or 12 steers which were named 4sG, 8sG and 12sG, respectively. When animals were 12 months of age, initial fasted body weight (BW, $304.51{\pm}12.40\;kg$) was measured. All animals were housed at a constant space allowance of $8.82\;m^2$ per animal, and a feeder and drinker were provided per 4 animals. The whole fattening stage was divided into three phases: phase I (from 12 to 18 month of age), phase II (from 19 to 24 month of age), and phase III (from 25 to 30 month of age). Steers managed in 12sG showed low (p<0.05) growth rate and feed conversion rate (FCR) in phase I and phase II when compared to other treatment groups. However, this difference was not observed for the whole fattening phase (p>0.05). Steers managed in 4sG had a thick (p<0.05) ultrasound back fat thickness at 15 and 18 months of age. However, group size had no effect on meat yield and quality traits of area and marbling score. Animals managed in 8sG yielded a better meat grade of "A" than the "B" grade in other treatment group sizes. Lean color, fat color, firmness and maturity scores did not differ among group sizes. Hanwoo steers housed under 12sG spent less time on eating concentrate, relevant higher eating rate, less frequency of allogrooming, and more time on walking (p<0.05). It could be concluded that a large group size retarded growth rate and back fat thickness in the fattening stage, which was mainly focused on 15 and 18 months of age.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

To examine the prevalence and type of lesions in urinary bladder of Korean cattle, a random sampling survey was performed at a Jeonju abattoir in September 2000 and January 2001. Collected urinary bladder were examined grossly and histopathologically and the patterns of disease were investigated with season and sex. Of 735 cattle(99 bulls and 246 cows in September and 141 bulls, 3 steers, and 246 cows in January) surveyed, $26.3\%$ cattle with evident lesions were found. The most common gross finding was urolithiasis of urinary bladder($23.8\%$). Other lesions included hemorrhage($5.9\%$), congestion($4.1\%$), hematuria($2.7\%$), pyuria($0.7\%$), hyperplasia($0.5\%$). Urinary calculi collected in this study contained 80 to $90\%$ of calcium oxalate and 10 to $20\%$ of struvite, with or without $20\%$ of cystine and $10\%$ of uric acid. This study on urolithiasis and pathology of urinary bladder of slaughtered Korean cattle revealed subclinical aspects and management problem in Korean beef product.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the optimum substitution level of dried leftover food (DLF) in formula feed for Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers. A total of forty growing steers were assigned to 5 treatments based on substitution level of DLF (at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% level of formula feed). The experiment was carried out with growing steers from 6 months of age to 24 months of age. Average daily gain (ADG) was not affected by DLF substitution level up to 75% of formula feed. However ADG decreased at 100% substitution level. Daily feed intakes were similar among treatments but the amount of feed per 1 kg gain increased with increasing substitution level of DLF. Dressing percentage was around 62% in all treatments without any significant differences. Proportion of quality beef higher than grade 1 was the greatest from animals fed 25% substitution level of DLF. Economic efficiency for Hanwoo steer operator was the highest with 50% substitution level of DLF.