• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.539-543
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• 2013

Male cattle calves (n=24), 9-12 months age, with an average body weight of 120 {\pm} 20 kg were fed total mixed rations (TMR) for 120 days to determine their growth performance. Animals were divided into four groups (six of each breed): Crossbred (Friesian${\times}$Sahiwal), Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques under a completely randomized design. The average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and dressing percentage ranged from 639-892 g/d, 0.105-0.155 kg/kg, and 51.2-51.5%, respectively, in the different breeds. The ADG and FE did not differ between the Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani breeds, but these values were lower in Cholistani calves (P<0.05). The dressing percentage was similar in all breeds. The highest increase in body height was observed in Dhanni calves, but heart girth was obviously higher in Lohani calves. The feed cost per kg gain was higher for Cholistani calves but similar among Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani calves (P>0.05). In conclusion, Dhanni, Lohani, and Crossbred calves possess the promising potential for beef production under the rainfed (Barani) conditions of the Punjab.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST; Boostin-S, LG Chem) treatment with FSH (Super OV) or PMSG on superovulatory response for transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval (TVR) in calves. Eight Korean Native Cattle(KNC) heifer calves; 150 to 240 days old; were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: 1) FSH(75 mg); 2) FSH (75 mg) + bST(500mg) 3) PMSG(1;000 IU); 4) PMSG(1, 000 IU) + bST(500 mg). Experimental calves in group 1 (n=2) and 2(n=2) were weekly superovulated for 4 consecutive weeks with daily injection of FSH for 3days and the next day subjected to TVR session. Animals in group 3 (n=2) and 4(n=2) were weekly stimulated for 4 consecutive weeks with a single dose of 1, 000 IU PMSG. TVR was performed on 72 hours after PMSG injection. Calves in group 2 and 4 was received injection of 500 mg of bST every 10 days. At each TVR session, follicle number and size were recorded; the oocytes collected and graded according to cumulus and cytoplasm investment. Collected oocyte were determined viable oocyte according to morphological quality with granulation of oocyte and number and status of cumlulus cells. IVM and IVF were performed and assessed cleavage rate on day 3 after fertilization. A Sonovet 600(Medison, Co., Ltd) realtime ultrasound scanner with a 6.5 MHz convex transducer, fixed at the tip of 500 mm estended handle equipped with a needle guide was used in collecting oocyte. Differences between groups were analysed by chi-square test. The population of large follicle ($\geq$5 nun) and aspiration rate were not significant different among the 4 groups. But, the number of small follicles (<5 mm) and aspirated oocyte in the KNC calves treated with bST were 1.3~1.6 times higher than in KNC calves treat with FSH or PMSG alone. In conclusion, the administration of bST with FSH or PMSG at superovulation for TVR in calves was increase the nurnber of small follicle which was influenced the number of aspiratable follicle.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in Chonbuk province. Blood samples were taken from 92 korean calves to determined their serological status against BVDV, Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test for antigen. The number of seropositive calves ranged from 3.3% to 12.9%. Antigens against BVDV were detected in 3.3% of healthy calves, 6.4% of digestive symptom calves, 12.9% of respiratory symptom calves, respectively. Sex and age of calves had no significant differences on the prevalence of BVDV. The results indicate that transmission of BVDV may have become exposed as a result of contact with acute infected or persistently infected cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1985

A group of 80 Holstein calves, many with clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in summer seasons, was assembled for bacteriologic and ophthalmologic studies at an integrated dairy farm. Observations were started from 1980 to 1984 but bacteriological study was only carried out from thor spring in 1981 and continued during the Autumn in 1981. Corneal lesions and drugs sensitivity were also observed and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Occurrences of IBK-affected cattle during the 5 years were predominent to calves in summer. 2. Among 142 eyes from 80 cattle, 53 isolates of Moraxella bovis(37.3%) were isolated from 37 cattle(46.3%). The prevalence of the infection for clinical eyes were higher than nonclinical eyes calves. 3. Miscellaneous organisms were found from age groups of 5 months to 9 months old. It were 8 hemolytic Neisseria spp., 3 Fungi, Mycoplasma sp. and 1 Pseudomonas sp., but 9 samples were unknown. 4. Prevalence of infection with M. bovis in bilateral clinical eyes were higher than unilateral eyes. 5. Incidence of corneal lesion was predominent in early stage as a watery tears(21.0%) and late stage as a leukomas of corneal opacity(22.8%). 6. The number of isolations of M. bovis and incidence of IBK varied from year to year; Higher incidence of IBK clinical signs were showed in calves from 5 months to 10 months old and the number of isolations of M. bovis was declined in order 8 months(100.0%), 4 months(75.0%), 5 months(66.6%) and 8 months(66.6%) old calves. 7. Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin and Cephalothin were highly sensitive against M. bovis isolates and then Tetracycline, Neomycin, Erythromycin and Kanamycin were intermediate but low sensitive to Streptomycin, Colistin and Penicillin.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2022

South Korea has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. However, summers are extremely hot and humid, which negatively affects industrial animal production. Hanwoo are native cattle that have traditionally been raised in the natural environment of Korea. The present study investigated the effects of birth and lactation season on the birth and weaning weights of Hanwoo calves. Data were collected from 100 local breeding farms between 2016 and 2021. A total of 56,970 (males, 29,530; females, 27,440) Hanwoo calves were classified according to sex or birth and weaning season (March-May, spring; June-August, summer; September-November, fall; and December-February, winter). The birth weight of Hanwoo calves differed according to the birth season. As such, birth weight of the summer-born calves was the lowest. Additionally, the 90-day weaning weight was positively correlated with birth weight. Interestingly, however, the 90-day weaning weight was not related to the birth season but was related to the 2-month seasonal effect during the lactation period. Furthermore, the 90-day weaning weight was the lowest during the summer lactation period. In the beef cattle industry, daily weight gain is an important economic characteristic related to feed efficiency and growth. Our findings will contribute the management of Hanwoo cattle and analysis of changes in economic characteristics due to high temperatures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.346-350
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• 2016

Two 1-year old calves of Korean Native cattle (Hanwoo) presented cutaneous papillomas on the face and neck. Type 2 bovine papillomavirus (BPV-2) was identified in the cutaneous papillomas based on BPV-specific PCR and subsequent DNA sequencing analysis results. Using DNA samples extracted from two affected calves and unaffected animals reared in the same stable, BPV-2 was not only detected in the cutaneous papillomas of affected animals based on BPV-specific PCR analysis, but also detected in normal skins, hairs, and their environments based on nested PCR analysis. BPV-2 was also detected in DNA samples isolated from animals and environments of that distinct stable with affected calves. However, no BPV-2 was detected in the drinking water of both stables (infected and unaffected). These findings concluded that BPV-2 was transmitted by direct or indirect contact, not by drinking water. This is the first report to show molecular evidence of BPV-2 infection. Rapid and precise molecular identification can be used to screen BPV-2 in cattle farms to understand the biological roles of BPV in animal diseases.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1977

This study was conducted from 1974 to 1977 at Chedong Animal Farm in Che-Ju to determine the effect of sex of calves, birth year and season, breeds and crossing methods on the birth weight of cattle. A total of 1020 calves from Angus, Charolais, Hereford breeds and their crossbred were used for the study and least square methods was applied to analysis the data. Birth weight of male calves was 1kg heavier than that of female. Highly significant differences were obtained in the effects of birthyear on the birth weight, i.e. the cattle born in 1976 and 1977 was 0.9 and 0.2kg heavier in birth weight than those born in 1975. The cattle born in 1974, when the farm was established, was 1.7kg lighter than those in 1975. The calves born in the spring and the summer was 0.6 and 0.3kg heavier in birth weight than those born in the winter. The calves born in the fall was 0.9kg lighter than the calves born in the winter. In birth weight, Charolais breed were 0.4kg heavier than those from Hereford breed. Angus breed were 1.1kg lighter than Hereford. The crossbred between Charolais and Hereford breed were 1.5kg heavier than the Hereford. The birth weight of calves from Angus and Hereford crossbred and Angus and Charolais crossbred were 0.6 and 0.4kg lighter, than Hereford breed respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1991

The sudden death syndrome has been encountered in Korean native cattle in a small island village of Yeochun, Chonnam since 1984. In an effort to diagnose the causes of the condition, 10 calves were purchased and shipped to the village to be reared conventionally. During the period of April 1988 through March 1989 the animals were clinically examined every month, samples of blood and feces collected and examined. Soils, plants and water samples were analysed, and necropsy was performed on two calves which died during the period. No abnormalities were found by clinical examination. Soil, plant and water analysis did not reveal any abnormalities which could be related to sudden death. One of the 2 dead calves was fallen and suffocated to death after the right hock was tied by rein. The other had a torsion In jejunum after plowing. Epidemiological examination revealed that two calves of one farmer died in one day from bloat. Authors explained the results and asked the people in the island to improve management of the animals, and no more sudden death occurred for 2 years.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.521-528
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of surgical castration on behavior, physiological and inflammatory indicators, and leukocyte cytokine mRNA levels in Korean cattle bull calves. Methods: Nineteen Korean cattle bull calves (average body weight, 254.5 kg; average age, 8.2 months) were divided into two treatment groups: control (n = 9) and castration (n = 10). Surgical castration was performed using Newberry knives and a Henderson castrating tool. Blood was obtained just before castration (0 h) and at 0.5 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration. Plasma cortisol (PC), saliva cortisol (SC), plasma substance P, and plasma haptoglobin concentrations, and the leucocyte mRNA levels of the interleukin-1-alpha (IL1A), interleukin-1-beta (IL1B), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), and interleukin-6 (IL6) genes were analyzed. Results: Castration decreased (p<0.01) the average daily gain and gain/feed ratio. Castration reduced the time spent eating (p<0.001) and the eating frequency (p<0.01) and increased (p<0.001) the lying frequency. Castration temporarily increased (p<0.05) circulating PC and SC concentrations at 0.5 h after castration. Castration temporarily increased (p<0.05) plasma substance P concentrations at 1 d after castration. Castration increased (p<0.05) plasma haptoglobin concentrations at 1 and 3 d after castration. Castration increased (p<0.05) leukocyte mRNA levels of the IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, and IL6 genes at 6 h after castration. Conclusion: Castration temporarily induced stress and expression of leucocyte inflammatory cytokine genes in Korean cattle bull calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2000

In this experiment, we studied the sero-positive rate of akabane virus in cattle from Jeju-do and analyzed the seroepidemiological features. In an analysis of 1,051 samples, the positive rate for neutralizing antibody in sera collected in nine regions on Jeju-do was 56.7%. The rate varied with the region. The positive rate was 69.6% in Aewol, 63.1% in Jeju city, 54.4% in Anduck, 51.0% in Hallim, 69.8% in Jocheun, 47.6% in Pyosun, 40% in Daejeong, 30.0% in Harkyung, 71.6% in Namwon, 24.5% in Sungsan, 133.,3% in Seokypo and 44.5% in Gujwa, respectively The rate also depended on the age of the cattle. The positive rate was 67.2% in calves 0- to 12-month old, 48.3% in cattle 13- to 24-month old, 65.4% in cattle 25- to 36-month old, and 65.4% in cattle more than ,B7 months old. To isolate the virus from calves with malformations including arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly, cerebral homogenates were inoculated into Vero cells, which were determined for cytopathic effect (CPE). Vero cells with CPE were examined for Akabane virus using an electron microscope (EM) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (EM). Typical virus particles with a width of 90-130nm and specific immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of infected cells were sought for identification.