• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2014

This research looks at the effects of portfolio-based lessons to help female middle school students understand and develop their self identity, and to examine the influence of various factors within the school and home environment. The participants were 256 female middle school students in Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do and the analysis was done using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. The 6 portfolio-based teaching lessons were made with the aim of developing each subordinate scope in every module for development of self-receptiveness, uniqueness, closeness, tendency of planning the future, and independence. Results of the pre and post-test revealed that scores of self-receptiveness and uniqueness increased. Content analysis revealed that the students pursued their talents and interests through the portfolio activities, and made specific plans for their future careers. In sum, the results demonstrate that the students became specifically and systematically concerned about their future career. The results of hierarchical regression showed that self-receptiveness developed when their parents' attitudes were not rejecting and their peer relationships were positive. Uniqueness was shown to develop as the fostering attitudes of parents were receptive. Closeness developed as fostering attitudes of parents were receptive and as their relationships with peers were positive. The students' tendency to plan the future developed as fostering attitudes of parents were receptive and as their relationships with teachers were good, and independence was shown to develop as the fostering attitudes of parents were not rejecting. Results of a two-year follow-up study appeared that self-receptiveness scores decreased as time passed, so students had highest scores in their first year and lowest scores in their third year. Scores of uniqueness, tendency of planning the future, and identity increased in the students' second year and then remained steadily afterward.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.37-55
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the resilience of adolescents through the analysis of activities in high school Technology·Home Economics textbooks developed according to the 2015 revised high school Technology·Home Economics curriculum. For this purpose, we analyzed the activities of 12 high school Technology·Home Economics textbooks in the 'human development and family' and 'family life and safety' areas based on the sub-factors of resilience. A total of 303 activities were extracted from 12 textbooks. After analyzing the activities of the three people, the process of revising and supplementing the analysis criteria through consultation was conducted three times and then reviewed by three experts. The analysis found that although there were differences in the number of activities to be dealt with, it was common to focus on raising interpersonal ability(54.8%) among the sub-factors of resilience. Followed by self-regulation(39.4%) and positive(5.8%). Second, the analysis of the activities by core concepts showed that the most activities dealing with the sub-factors of resilience were in the 'family life and safety' area, which deals with 'safety (44.3%)' as a core concept. And in the area of human development and family, which deals with development (25.1%) and relationships (36%) as core concept, the sub-factors of resilience were also covered. This can be inferred that the home curriculum is suitable for systematic education of resilience, and that the term resilience in the curriculum has been considered and dealt with resilience before it is specifically mentioned. I hope that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of home and resilience education programs in the future.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2005

Purpose : Hepatitis A viral infections have been continued after re-emerging since mid 1990s in Korea. The incidence of this disease has been increased in young adults younger than 30 years of age since 2000. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A in Korea(two regions; Incheon and Changwon) in 2005, and was compared with the results of similar studies in mid 1990s. Methods : The study was conducted from January 2005 to June 2005, and consisted of 1,301 enrolled subjects, neonates to 50 years old, living in Incheon and Changwon in Korea. All sera were frozen and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ until assayed. Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay(HAVAB, Abbott Lab., IL, USA). Results : The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 61.1% in infants younger than 1 year old, 30.5% in 1~5 years, 14.6% in 6~10 years, 1.7% in 11~15 years, 6.5% in 16~20 years, 36.6%in 21~30 years, 77.5% in 31~40 years, and 99.8% in 41~50 years. Statistical differences were not found between male and female, but there was statistical difference in 6~10 years old age group between the two areas. Conclusion : Our study indicate that the prevalence of antihepatitis A virus antibody has shifted from children to old adolescents and young adults. This result suggests that the risk of sudden outbreaks or increasing incidence of hepatitis A viral infections in young adults may be expected in our society. The preventive strategies of hepatitis A including vaccination should be prepared.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster in children and adolescents in Korea and to delineate the effects of varicella vaccine on the incidence of zoster and its complication. Methods : We evaluated the clinical records of 201 patients younger than 20 years admitted for herpes zoster at four hospitals located in Kyung-Gi provine during Jul. 1995 to Jun. 2005. Results : The admitted patients for herpes zoster have increased during the past 10 years. The effects of varicella vaccine on the incidence of herpes zoster remain inconclusive in this study. Only twelve percent of the study patients had underlying diseases. In 34(17%) of 201 patients, complications were confirmed during hospitalization. Of 34 patients, meningitis occurred most frequently. Irrespective of varicella vaccination, occurrence of complications was higher in patients who had experienced varicella previously(=overt varicella infection) than patients who had not(=subclinical varicella infection). In case of no previous varicella history, we found complications to be much lower in those who had received the varicella vaccine than those who had not. Conclusion : We cannot conclude whether the varicella vaccine has an effect on the increasing incidence of zoster. We can conclude that the subclinical varicella infection or vaccination for varicella might lead to a decreased incidence of zoster complications.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of obesity, the serum lipid levels and the age at menarche in adolescent female athletes and to examine the effects of exercise in adolescent stage. Methods : With a questionnaire regarding their age at menarche, physical measurement, body fat, and blood samples of the serum lipid levels to evaluate the hyperlipidemia were obtained from adolescent female athletes(n=107) and general adolescent students(n=650) who didn't exercise at regular intervals, aged 12 to 18 years. Results : The mean weight in the athletes' group was $53.3{\pm}7.3kg$ which was similar with $54.3{\pm}8.0kg$ in the control group. The mean height in the athletes' group was $161.4{\pm}5.4cm$, which was taller than $158.9{\pm}5.3cm$ in the control group. The prevalence of obesity by obesity index, body fat, and BMI in the athletes' group were significantly lower than in control group. There was no significant difference in age at menarche between two groups($12.6{\pm}1.3$, $12.9{\pm}1.2$). The levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in the athletes' group were higher than in the control group. The levels of triglyceride in the athletes' group was lower than in control group. Conclusion : These data suggest the importance of exercise in adolescents for the prevention of obesity since it may reduce body fat and increase the height. There was no negative effect of exercise on the age at menarche. We think that more controlled assessment of nutrition, diet habit, hormonal effect and height are warranted to find the correlation with hyperlipidemia and exercise at the adolescent stage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.630-634
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the current(2003-2005) prevalence of anti-HBs and immunologic memory for Hepatitis B vaccine in children from the central area of Korea. Methods : Subjects were chosen from children and adolescents who received tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and anti-HBs at Dankook University Hospital from March 2003 to May 2005. Among these, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen(IgG anti-HBc) were checked. A single booster vaccination was performed on children whose anti-HBs titers were under 10 mIU/mL. One month after booster vaccination we rechecked the anti-HBs titer. Results : A total of 3,277 subjects were tested for HBsAg/anti-HBs, and 1,913(58.4 percent) of them were positive for anti-HBs. Of these, 29 subjects(0.9 percent) were positive for HBsAg. Positive results for anti-HBs by age were 78.6 percent for 6-12 months of age, 62.7 percent for 1-3 years of age, 51.9 percent for 4-6 years of age, 49.5 percent for 7-12 years of age, 63.4 percent for 13-15 years of age and 72.2 percent for 16-18 years of age. The 80 subjects who were tested negative for HBsAg/anti-HBs received a single booster vaccine, 71 subjects were tested positive for antibodies. IgG anti-HBc titer was checked for 169 of the subjects, 5 subjects were positive. Conclusion : In our study, a significant anamnestic response was observed in 88.8 percent of children. This is believed to be a result of the relatively long immunologic memory effect of the hepatitis B vaccination in children from the central area of Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.747-753
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• 2008

Purpose : Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Early atherosclerotic changes in the arterial walls begin in adolescence and the risk factors are associated with its development. To assess the usefulness of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), as a marker of early atherosclerosis, we evaluated the structural and functional characteristics of the carotid artery and investigated their relationshop with the metabolic and anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods : For this study, we enrolled 23 children with type 1 diabet and 19 age and sex-equivalent healthy children as the control group. Metabolic and anthropometric parameters such as serum lipid levels, plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index were measured after a 12-h fasting period. The carotid artery IMT was measured by a high-quality ultrasound system, and compliance, and distensibility were calculated by an equation. Results : There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to the sex ratio, age, blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels' however, HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the diabetic children ($8.5{\pm}1.8$ vs. $5.0{\pm}0.2$, P=0.001). Ultrasonographic findings showed that compared with the control group, the diabetic group had higher IMT ($0.45{\pm}0.06mm$ vs. $0.41{\pm}0.04mm$, P=0.04), but there were no significant differences in compliance and distensibility. The HbA1c (P=0.002) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.026) levels were independent IMT predictors in the diabetic group. Conclusion : Here, the carotid artery IMT was higher in the diabetic group, and it is correlated with atherosclerotic risk factor. Thus, carotid IMT could be evaluated as a marker of early atherosclerosis in diabetic children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.857-864
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• 2005

Purpose : The objectives of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the indices of insulin sensitivity using fasting glucose and insulin level, and the body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), and to determine the clinical usefulness of insulin sensitivity indices when obese children were followed up. Methods : In this study, 28 simple obese children and adolescents were included. Anthropometric data including body weight, height, obesity degree(OD), body mass index(BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio were collected and then body fat mass was measured by using BIA and DEXA. For metabolic data, 12 hour fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were measured and indices for insulin sensitivity(G/I ratio, $log_{insulin}$, HOMA-IR, $log_{HOMA-IR}$, QUICKI) were calculated. Results : BMI had a higher correlation with insulin sensitivity indices than OD(G/I ratio, -0.463 vs -0.209; $log_{insulin}$, 0.417 vs 0.196; HOMA-IR, 0.301 vs 0.238; $log_{HOMA-IR}$, 0.403 vs 0.198; QUICKI, -0.451 vs -0.224). But OD had a higher correlation with body fat mass measured by BIA and DEXA than BMI(BIA, 0.612 vs 0.316; DEXA, 0.667 vs 0.512). The G/I ratio was correlated with body fat mass in BIA(r=-0.420, P<0.05) and DEXA(r=-0.512, P<0.01), percentage of body fat(percentage of fat) in BIA(r=-0.366, P<0.05) and DEXA(r=-0.449, P<0.01). HOMA-IR was only correlated with body fat mass in DEXA(r=0.341, P<0.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that G/I ratios had a statistically significant correlation with anthropometric obesity indices(OD and BMI) and also had a correlation with both body fat mass and percentage of fat. These results suggest that G/I ratios could be used as useful index when obese children and adolescence are followed up.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.764-772
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• 2002

Purpose : Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in adults. We identified the effect of obesity measured by BMI and insulin resistance on dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. Methods : The fasting serum insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were measured and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was calculated in 35 children with simple obesity(age :$10.6{\pm}2.8$ years; male 20, female 15; BMI : $27.1{\pm}5.4kg/m^2$). Results : The hypertriglyceridemia(37%), hyperinsulinemia(54%) and HDL-hypocholesterolemia(5.7%) were observed. HOMA-IR was well expressed by fasting insulin. As BMI increased, there was a statistically significant increase in insulin resistance and insulin level in both sexes. BMI was not related with lipid profile in both sexes. Triglyceride was correlated with only insulin level and insulin resistance index in boys. In girls, there was no correlation between triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and insulin(insulin resistance). Conclusion : These results suggest that hypertriglyceridemia was dependent on insulin resistance in pre-adult males. Monitoring of insulin resistance and those risk factors known to become a part of insulin resistance syndrome should become part of routine medical care for obese children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.751-757
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• 2003

Purpose : Obesity is a significant health problem with medical and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between body fat percent using bioelectrical impedance(BI) and other variable methods. Methods : We measured height, weight, body mass index(BMI) and body fat percent by skinfold thickness(ST) and BI in 1,035(496 male; 539 female) children from seven to 18 years of age. The correlation coefficients between BI and each of the other different methods were obtained. The sensitivity and specificity to predict obesity by these several methods were studied. Results : Fat percent estimated by BI analysis and BMI showed a strong correlation(r=0.749). Fat percent estimated by BI analysis and ST showed a very strong correlation(r=0.835). At the 95th percentile cut-off point for BI, ST showed a sensitivity of 57.7%, and a specificity of 97.6% for estimating body fat. At the 95th percentile cut-off point for BI, BMI showed a sensitivity of 84.9%, and a specificity of 99.3% for estimating body fat. Conclusion : The fat percent estimated by BI analysis correlated strongly with ST or BMI. BI analysis is an objective and accurate method for estimating body fat in childhood obesity.