• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.2 s.120
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• pp.68-77
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• 2007

It is necessary to recognize philosophical and scientific depth, contained in traditional culture in a correct fashion, in order to succeed and develop our excellent traditional culture. Some studies on storage, circulation, and package design of traditional food will multiple the added value of traditional culture. So this research was carried out for making packing cases of kinds of Korean dried confectionery using Hanji by traditional manufacturing method, Hanji textile, charcoal Hanji and jade Hanji, and for developing environmental-friendly Korean dried confectionery package as more luxurious packaging papers by putting an exterior design on the surface. The results measured physical properties, air permeability and anti-mold activity of Hanji, and designing Korean dried confectionery are as follows. The physical properties and air permeability used to manufacture Korean dried confectionery package, turned out to be no affection to the food packaging Hanji. In order to avoid the monotonousness of Korean dried confectionery package, it was designed with Hanji textile together with elegant traditional pattern. It is estimated to increase the value of Korean dried food and to make the anti-mold activity of Hanji added charcoal and jade effective. In conclusion, by developing individual properties of traditional food and proper packaging paper as well as packaging design according to circulating situation, it is considered that the taste and the fancy can be maximized. After all, by applying excellent traits contained in our race's culture, it is possible to develop the package cases into competitive ones. And it would be able to increase utilization of Hanji. Namely, production of high quality traditional food package with Hanji is expected for new valuable industry of Hanji.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

To evaluate the anisotropic characteristics of Korean traditional paper-Hanji, the physical and mechanical characteristics of hand-made hanji, and machine-made hanji were investigated in this research. The densities of copying paper and newsprint paper appeared to be two times higher than the densities of hand-made hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming and hanji made of paper mulberry fiber. The breaking length, and tear index of both Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming, and hand-made Hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming appeared to be different according to the directions in paper. The breaking lengths of Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming showed little differences according to the directions. Breaking length of Hanji using Ssangbal sheet were slightly higher than those of Hanji using Owangbla sheet forming. The breaking lengths of machine-made hanji, copying paper, and newsprint paper were two to four times higher than those of hand-made Hanji. The breaking length showed higher differences according to the direction than the tear index. The tensile strength according to the directions in paper showed significant differences (${\alpha}$=0.05) in all papers used in this research.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

To investigate fiber orientation of Korean traditional paper, Hanji, the fiber arrangements on the surface and cross section of Hanji were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface observation showed that the fibers of traditional paper were arranged in vertical and horizontal directions, and those of ssangbal sheet forming were arranged more in vertical direction. The fibers of machine made Hanji and copying paper were usually arranged in vertical direction. As for the observation of cross section of traditional paper, fibers arranged in horizontal direction tended to be increased with the increase of thicknesses. The thick traditional paper have cracks in the middle part of structural section of paper. They were larger in cross section in horizontal direction than in vertical direction. The horizontal arrangement of traditional paper seemed to be about 8% to 14% higher to the vertical arrangement, which is very lower to other papers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2000

Hanji is a traditional handmade paper, which has been famous for its excellent qualities in strength, whiteness, gloss, and smooth feel in painting and writing in ancient Far East for many years. Nowadays, however, its old fame has declined and it has been used only in limited extent such as in traditional Korean brush painting and writing. In this study, 9 kinds of commercial handmade papers made in Korea, China, and Japan were collected and their printing and writing properties were evaluated by image analysis. Chinese handmade paper showed the best result in absorption area of China ink, the roundness and feathering of China ink blots, followed by Hanji. Abrasion coefficient of the Chineses papers was higher than that of the others, which was regarded to contribute to the difference in touch feeling of the writing brush on the papers. It was shown that absorption rate and blot area of China ink were increased by Dochim. Hanji which has recently been made by so called \"traditional method\" showed no quality difference from the modified Hanji.ied Hanji.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.5 s.108
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

It is well known that Korean traditional Hanji have lots of predominant physical and optical properties such as high density, high air permeability, long lasting quality and lightness. The paper-making raw materials of traditional Korean Hanji are the bast fibre cooked from the Korean paper mulberry as a fibrous materials and sticky aqueous material from the root of Hibiscus anihot L. as additives for good dispersion of stock. Additionally, the mechanical properties of Hanji varies according to the cooking methods of bast tissues of Korean paper mulberry, the treatment methods of fibrous raw materials such as bleaching and refining, the wet formation types of sheet-making such as 'Oebal-chiji' and 'Ssangbal-choji', and the finishing treatment like stamping. This study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the quality properties of Korean traditional hand-made Hanji, and compared with commercial machine-made paper and modified prepared sheets. The physical quality comparisons of different kinds of Hanji were focused on the methods of hand-sheet making, the types of raw materials, the treatment of stamping, and the properties of ink reception and spreading.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.139-146
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• 2015

We manufactured natural dyed Korean traditional paper (Hanji) for cultural properties conservation and storage with goldthread (Coptis chinensis) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$). Goldthread and silver nitrate are known to be an excellent antimicrobial activity. The effect of content of goldthread and silver nitrate on properties of dyed Hanji was investigated. Color strength of dyed Hanji decreased with increasing content of silver nitrate. After-mordanting with 3% silver nitrate improved lightfastness of dyed Hanji. Tannic acid treatment increased K/S value of dyed Hanji. As the amount of the increase in goldthread content was reduced silver nitrate content. Sim-mordanting method was used for simplifying manufacture process. Silver nitrate sim-mordanting method increased K/S value of goldthread than after-mordanting method.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.84-92
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• 1999

Excellence of the Korean traditional paper(Hanji) can be proved by literatures and legacies handed down from generations. However, with the problems pertaining to a majority of traditional manufactures, Hanji industry was declined because of low productivity, insufficient supply of raw material , and reduced demand. therefore, modernizxation of the Hanji technology and development of new uses are very important. This study was carried to investigated the papermaking characteristics of Morus spp.(M.alba, M.Bombycis, and M.Ihou) for new Hanji, modernize manufacturing process of Hanji by grafting on developed modern pulping and papermaking technology, develop the various uses, and establish the foundation for development of high value-added products. Hanji is made from M.Ihou, while stalk , and sulfomethylated pulp gave better sheet formation and higher brightness than those of the others. Physical properties of Hanji which made from bast fiber pulps were better than those of whole stalk pulps. Hanji which made from M.bombycis bast fiber and whole stalk pulps were not so good sheet strength as other species. Sulfomethylated whole stalk pulps were shown better sheet strength than alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide whole stalk pulps.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

One commercial Xuanji and five traditional paper which were made in south china were collected and its chemical, physical, optical properties were investigated and compared to those of Hanji. Extractives(cold, hot, 1% NaOH and Alcohol-benzene) of bamboo paper had higher contents compared with other papers. Strength properties had been highest Hanji, but had been lowest Xuanji 1 and 2. Brightness of all paper were decreased as following order; Xuanji, Hanji, Thai paper, bast paper 1, bast paper 2, Dongpa paper, bamboo paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.42-48
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• 2009

The various kinds of Hanji were manufactured by a few craftsmen at several provinces in Korea. It is very difficult to distinguish each others by its name so-called, Hanji, traditional Hanji, improved Hanji, mechanical Hanji and so on because the manufacturing process, raw materials and characteristics of Hanji are very different from each others. In this research, the functional properties of Hanji depending on the manufacturing process were evaluated and compared each others. The properties of Hanji was greatly changed according to grammage, lye and dochim. The higher the grammage resulted in the lower the pore size and the air permeability. Hanji made by NaOH and CaO showed relatively high brightness than that made by traditional lye(Yuokgae). Hanji treated with dochim can absorb high frequency(2,000 Hz) sound more effectively.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2001

Korea traditional handmade paper, Hanji, has been known for more than thousand years for its high strength, high whiteness, high gloss, good ink reception and long lasting quality. Main component fiber of the Hanji is called 'Dak', which is the bast fiber of the Korea paper mulberry ($\textit{Broussonetia kazinoki}$). Dak has long fiber length, and high cellulose DP, if processed properly. The quality of Hanji is partly from the superior quality of Dak over wood fiber, and partly from the traditional papermaking process. The traditional papermaking process includes pulping, bleaching, refining, use of natural polymer, and sheet making process. Every traditional process has its special role. Comparisons between the modern papermaking technology and the traditional process were made in this study. The traditional process effectively protected cellulose DP in pulping and bleaching process, protected fiber length in refining process, and developed the high strength in the sheet forming process over the modern papermaking process.