• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2013

This research observed the interrelations between the active components found specifically in red ginseng and fermented red ginseng from among the variety of ginseng variations and the protective effect and anti-oxidant effect exercised on brain cells in the animal model for MPTP-induced neurotoxic Parkinson's Disease and obtained the following conclusions. The results above comprehensively demonstrated that the fermented red ginseng extract exercised greater protective effects against oxidant brain damage by MPTP when compared to the group administered with the red ginseng extract. This was induced an increase in TH protein expression, and further raised the efficiency of the anti-oxidant enzyme defensive system against neurotoxicity, thereby restraining the lipid peroxidation caused by the active oxygen generated during the course of MPTP metabolism and enhancing the body's defensive capacities in response to tissue damage, thereby demonstrating a protective effect against MPTP induced neurotoxicity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1981

인삼(人蔘)Ext.를 원료(原料)로 하는 인삼주(人蔘酒)에서 저장시간(貯藏時間), 온도(溫度)등 외적요인(外的要因)에 따라 생성(生成)되는 혼탁(混濁) 또는 침전현상(沈澱現象)을 효과적(效果的)으로 억제(抑制) 또는 방지(防止)하기 위(爲 )한 방법(方法)과 조건(條件)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 인삼조(人蔘粗)Ext.의 수솔(收率)은 추출온도(抽出溫度)가 높고 용매주정(溶媒酒精)의 온도(溫度)가 낮을수록 높은 경향(傾向)이 있으나 정제(精製)Ext.의 경우(境遇)에는 정반대(正反對)의 현상(現象)을 보였다. 혼탁(混濁)과 침전현상(沈澱現象)을 최소화(最小化)하기 위(爲)한 인삼(人蔘)Ext.의 추출(抽出)및 정제조건(精製條件)은 75% EtOH를 용매(溶媒)로 $50{\sim}70^{\circ}C$에서 추출(抽出)하고 정제시(精製時) 2차(2次) 희석주정(稀釋酒精)의 농도(濃度)를 최종제품(最終製品)과 동일(同一)하게 처리(處理)하는 것이 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다 정제시(精製時)의 처리온도(處理溫度)에 따라 사포닌의 안정화(安定化)에 차이(差異)가 있었다. $-20^{\circ}C$ 처리(處理)의 경우(境遇) 사포닌의 일부분획(一部分劃)이 침전물(沈澱物)로 유실(流失)되었으나 $4^{\circ}C$의 처리(處理)에서는 정제과정(精製過程)과 장기저장에서도 사포닌의 유실(流失)이나 변이(變異)가 없이 안정(安定)하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2000

수삼의 증삼전 열처리로 홍삼중의 추출가능 물질은 물추출물 뿐만 아니라 60%주정 수용액 추출물의 양을 근본적으로 다량 생성시켜 추출수율을 높였다. 또한 갈색도가 증진되었으며, 전분질을 함량을 저하시켜 추출물중 원심분리박의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 전분을 감소시키므로써 이의 제거를 위한 원심분리기 등 고가의 공정 단축이 가능할 수 있다. 증삼 전 예열 적정온도는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 60분이 적합하였으며 증삼시간에 따라서는 엑스추출율의 차이가 크지 않았다. 예열 조건별 물 추출물 엑스의 향미 비교에서 향과 맛 모두 당의 특성 향미가 증진됨을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2014

생리적 기능성을 함유하는 두부를 제조하기 위하여 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하여 압착 성형 공정 없는 연두부의 형태로 제조하였으며, 홍삼 추출물 첨가 연두부의 저장기간에 따른 항산화 성분 및 항산화 활성 변화를 측정하였다. 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하지 않은 대조군의 polyphenol 화합물의 함량은 $605.25{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, 홍삼 추출물을 첨가군의 함량은 $598.51{\sim}681.65{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, 홍삼 추출물 함량에 비례하였다. 대조군의 ascorbic acid의 함량은 6.42 mg%이었으며, 홍삼 추출물 첨가군은 5.74~7.67 mg%로 대조군보다는 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 저장기간에 따른 polyphenol 화합물 및 ascorbic acid의 변화를 보면 저장기간 내내 대체적으로 대조군보다는 홍삼 추출물 첨가군이 높은 함량을 보였다. 환원력의 경우, 대조군은 O.D.값이 0.2781로 나타났으며, 홍삼 추출물 첨가군은 O.D.값이 각각 0.3260~0.3477로 대조군에 비하여 높은 값을 나타내어 홍삼 첨가가 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 저장기간 내내 높은 항산화 활성을 유지하였다. ABTS radical cation decolorization은 대조군은 20.54 AEAC이었으나, 홍삼추출물 첨가군은 20.63~20.86 AEAC로 홍삼 추출물의 첨가농도가 높을수록 높은 값을 나타내어 항산화 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.575-579
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• 2007

본 연구는 홍삼 및 농축액의 합리적인 농약잔류허용기준 개정을 위한 과학적인 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 인삼 재배 시에 사용 등록된 농약 3종(azoxystrobia, fenhexamid, cyprodinil)을 인삼포에 직접 살포하여 수확한 수삼을 홍삼과 농축액으로 직접 제조하였다. 수확한 수삼에 azoxystrobin 0.12 ppm, fenhexamid 0.19 ppm, cyprodinil 1.78 ppm이 잔류하였으며 농약이 잔류된 수삼을 원료로 홍삼 및 농축액으로 가공하여 각 제품의 농약 잔류량을 조사한 결과 fenhexamid의 경우 홍삼에 0.54 ppm, 홍삼농축액에서 1.93 ppm이 잔류하였다. Azoxysoobin은 홍삼에서 0.24 ppm, 홍삼농축액에서 0.81 ppm이 잔류하여 가공단계를 거치면서 증가하였다. 그러나 cyprodinil의 경우 1.78 ppm이 잔류된 수삼이 홍삼으로 가공되면서 1.49 ppm으로 감소하였으나 홍삼농축액에서는 3.66 ppm으로 증가하였다. 농약이 잔류된 수삼을 이용하여 홍삼과 농축액 제조시 azoxystrobin, fenhexamid, cyprodinil의 감소계수(dry base)는 홍삼에서 0.66, 0.94, 0.28, 홍삼농축액에서 3.25, 4.94, 1.01이였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1982

Studies were carried out to clarify the effect of ginsenoside-Rbl -Rbr and acid hydrolyzatps of ginsenoside-Rbl, -Rb2 (HRbl, HRbf) on lipolysis and lipogenesis induced by epinephrine, glucagon, ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and insulin in rat adipose tissilr. HRbl , HRb2 slightly inhibited lipolysis induced by epinephine. glucagon and TSH. ACTH-induced lipolysis in fat tissue slices was significantly inhibited by ginsenoside -Rbl, -Rb2, HRbl and HRb2, particulary HRb2. None of ginsenoside-Rbl, -Rb2, HRbl and HRb2 accelerated insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in fat calls. Among ginseng products, extract powder (freeze dried), extract powder (spray dried), red ginseng powder inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue slices, but red ginseng extract not affect them.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.509-513
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop a new preparation process of ginseng extract using high concentrations of ginsenoside $Rg_3$, a special component in red ginseng. From when the ginseng saponin glycosides transformed into the prosapogenins chemically, they were analyzed using the HPLC method. The ginseng and ginseng extract were processed with several treatment conditions of an edible brewing vinegar. The results indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_3$ quantities increased over 4% at the pH 2-4 level of vinegar treatment. This occurred at temperatures above $R90^{\circ}C$, but not occurred at other pH and temperature condition. In addition, the ginseng and ginseng extract were processed with the twice-brewed vinegar (about 14% acidity). This produced about 1.5 times more ginsenoside $Rg_3$ than those processed with regular amounts of brewing vinegar (about 7% acidity) and persimmon vinegar (about 3% acidity). Though the white ginseng extract was processed with the brewing vinegar over four hr, there was no change for ginsenoside $Rg_3$. However, the VG8-7 was the highest amount of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ (4.71%) in the white ginseng extract, which was processed with the twice-brewed vinegar for nine hr. These results indicate that ginseng treated with vinegar had 10 times the quantity of ginsenoside $Rg_3$, compared to the amount of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ in the generally commercial red ginseng, while ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was not found in raw and white ginseng.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.159-179
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of red ginseng extract on preneoplastic nodule formation in the rat liver using a rapid bioassay of hepatocarcinogenesis. Wistar male rats in test groups were fed diets containing 3.0, 0.3 or 003% of red genseng extract for 6 weeks after 2 week of dosing with diethylnitrosamine (DEAN, 200 mg/kg B.W., I.P.) or saline solution. The rats in the control groups were treated with DENA or saline alone. Three weeks after the beginning of the experiment, the two-thirds partial hepatectomy was performed on all animals. The inhibitory effects were investigated by measuring the number, total area and size of hyperplastic nodules enhanced by the 2/3 partial hepatectomy following induction with DENA. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In general, the body weight gains of the rats fed diets containing red ginseng extract were higher than those of other groups.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.132-136
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• 1990

The metabolic disturbance and nephrotoxicity induced by sodium dichromate (20 mg/kg, SC) have been diminished by the administration of Korean red ginseng extract (100 mg/kg, PO). Red ginseng has a powerful potency on the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increment shown in the early 2h after dichromate intoxication. It normalized the dichromate induced hepatic glycogenolysis. The effect of red ginseng on dichromate induced nephrotoxicity was investigated by hematological analysis, and urinalysis. Ginseng treatment significantly reduced the increases in the urinary excretion of protein and glucose. These effects were dose dependent. Ginseng protected the accumulation of BUN and cretonne in the blood, caused by dichromate intoxication. Unlike CaEDTA, ginseng did not change the urinary excretion chromium. And it could not convert htxavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. These results suggest that ginseng treatment is effective in decreasing the metabolic disturbance, one of the earliest signs of dichromate toxicity, resulting in the protective effect of dichromate induced renal damage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.274-278
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• 1990

The metabolic disturbance and nephrotoxicity induced by sodium dichromate (20 mg/kg, SC) have been diminished by the administration of Korean red ginseng extract (100 mg/kg, PO). Red ginseng has a powerful potency on the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increment shown in the early 2h after dichromate intoxication. It normalized the dichromate induced hepatic glycogenolysis. The effect of red ginseng on dichroamte induced nephrotoxicity was investigated by hematological analysis, and urinalysis. Ginseng treatment significantly reduced the increases in the urinary excretion of protein and glucose. These effects were dose dependent. Ginseng protected the accumulation of BUN and creatinine in the blood, caused by dichromate intoxication. Unlike CaEDTA, ginseng did not change the urinary excretion of chromiilm and it could not convert hexavalent chronlium to trialvalent chromium. These results suggest that ginseng treatment is effective in decreasing the metabolic disturbance, one of the earliest signs of dichromate toxicity, resulting in the protective effect of dichromate induced renal damage.