• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korea Plateau

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Geomorphological Characteristics of the Water Spider Habitat in Yeoncheon (연천 은대리 물거미 서식지의 지형적 특성)

  • Yang, Jae-Hyuk
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 2018
  • Wetlandsis developing on the lava plateau in Eundae-ri, even though there are no majorstreams into this area. As a result of drilling, 1~2m clay layer is founded under the superficial formations of the wetland, which are the main reasons for formation of the wetlands by limiting vertical drainage. The clay layer's Granulometry/XRD show very different characteristics from in situ weathering of basalt, and since 2~3cm of sand layer exist within the profile, the clay layer seems to be supplied and deposited from outside through surface/sheet flows. To keep the wetlands sustainably, the supply of water into the wetlands has to be increased by restoring the surface/sheet flow which is limited or deformed by pavement road.

Hydrological Properties of the Water Spider Habitat in Yeoncheon (연천 은대리 물거미 서식지의 수문적 특성)

  • Yang, Jae-Hyuk
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.107-119
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    • 2019
  • In recent years, the drying of the water spider habitat has been progressing rapidly. This is the primary cause of extreme climatic events in 2014/2015 with overall reduction in annual precipitation, but impermeable clayey layer formed in the superficial formation also plays an important role. The clayey layer is a critical factor in the formation of wetlands on a well-drained lava plateau, but paradoxically, it restricts the connection with ground water, increasing the instability of the water balance and making it precipitation-dependent structure. In addition, construction of roads/drainways has also caused drying of wetlands by blocking or rapidly spilling surface water/sheet flow. Therefore, to keep the wetlands sustainable, it should increase the flow into the wetlands by removing the road/drainways and floodgates installed to reduce the outflow.

Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming (고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전)

  • Chu Chae Hyok
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.

Development of Paper Coating Technologies to Prevent Print Mottle (II)-Optical Properties of Coated Papers Affected by Coating Pigment Composition and Coat Weight (인쇄 모틀의 방지를 위한 제지도공 기술개발 (제2보)-도공안료 조성과 도공량에 따른 도공지의 광학적 특성 변화)

  • 정준경;신동소;이학래
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 1997
  • A study was carried out to investigate such optical properties of coated papers as brightness, opacity and gloss affected by the coating pigment composition and coat weight using clay, ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, and plastic pigment as pigments. The effects of drying methods and supercalendering on optical properties were also evaluated. Gloss increased abruptly while brightness and opacity decreased slightly by supercalendering due to surface smoothing and consolidating effects of the coating layers. Optical properties changed little by drying methods. Pigment composition showed significant influences on optical properties. Brightness of coated papers decreased or increased linearly as the coat weight was increased depending on the pigment composition, while opacity increased linearly for all formulations. Gloss increased abruptly at low coat weights for all formulations and approached a plateau value at coat weight of 15-20g/$m^2$. Third order polynomial regression equations relating the coat weight with gloss have been derived and tabulated.

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Theoretical analysis of the attosecond pulse generation using high-order harmonics (고차조화파를 이용한 아토초 발생에 관한 이론적 연구)

  • 김경택;김철민;남창희
    • Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2003.02a
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    • pp.12-13
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    • 2003
  • 고차조화파를 이용해 아토초 펄스를 생성시킬 수 있음은 최근 여러 연구자들에 의해 이론적으로 제시되어 왔다. 아토초 펄스의 생성은 기본적으로 고차조화파 발생을 이용하여 생성되므로 고차조화파의 연구가 선행되어야 하며, 이에 대한 연구는 이미 많은 연구자들에 의해 이루어 졌다. 초기에 Kulander 등은 Time dependent Schrdinger equation (TDSE) 을사용하여 수치적으로 계산하여 고차조화파의 이론적 분석을 수행하여 단일원자(single atom)에서 발생하는 고차 조화파의 평탄영역(plateau)과 잘림영역(cutoff) 등을 설명하였고, Corkum 등은 준고전적 (semiclassical) 원자 모델을 사용하는 물리적 모형을 제안하여 이 때 계산된 고차조화파가 실험결과 및 완전한 양자역학적 결과와 유사하게 나타남을 보였다. (중략)

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PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON NATURAL PLANT EXTRACTS AS SUNSCREEN AGENTS

  • Lee, K.T.;Kim, J.H.
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 1998
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate several plant extracts with a view to developing UV sunscreen agents. In this study, 150 plant extracts were screened to elucidate their UV spectra using spectrophotometric method. Several plant extracts such as Phellodendron amurense, Morus alba, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Brassica alba have strong absorbency at UVA region (350nm), the suntanning wavelength. And Sophora flavescens, Caesalpinia sapper, Morus alba, Phellodendron amurense, showed absorption plateau value at UVB region (308nm), the erythema action wavelength. These extracts have a good absorbency property as synthetic filter and could be served as substitutes for synthetic UV sunscreen agents.

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220Vrms Series Arc Characterization Depending on load capacity For Arc Fault Detection (아크사고 검출을 위한 부하용량별 220Vrms 직렬아크특성)

  • Choi, Su-Kyung;Kwon, Wan-Sung;Kim, Chong-Min;Bang, Sun-Bae;Choe, Gyu-Ha
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.213-214
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    • 2010
  • The Arc fault is primary reason of electric fire. so we must detect. the purpose of this study is to extend our knowledge of AC-arc characteristics and detect. The Arcs are produced by separating two electrodes made with graphite and copper. A very low separation speed allows arcs to reinitiate, as in arc fault in wires. Power is 220Vrms-60Hz and the load is light bulbs and capacities are 220W, 660W and 1100W. I measured Arc voltage and current. and defined voltage and current Max level, voltage plateau and Arc-power at each cycle.

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Identification of Source Locations for Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Heavy Metals during Yellow-Sand Events in Seoul, Korea in 1998 Using Hybrid Receptor Models

  • Han, Young-Ji;Holsen, Thomas M.;Hopke, Philip K.;Cheong, Jang-Pyo;Kim, Ho;Yi, Seung-Muk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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    • 2004.06a
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    • pp.92-106
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    • 2004
  • Elemental dry deposition fluxes were measured using dry deposition plates from March to June 1998 in Seoul, Korea. During this spring sampling period several yellow sand events characterized by long-range transport from China and Mongolia impacted the area. Understanding the impact of yellow-sand events on atmospheric dry deposition is critical to managing the heavy metal levels in the environment in Korea. In this study, the measured flux of a primarily crustal metal, Al and an anthropogenic metal, Pb was used with two hybrid receptor models, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and residence time weighted concentration (RTWC) for locating sources of heavy metals associated with atmospheric dry deposition fluxes during the yellow-sand events in Seoul, Korea. The PSCF using a criterion value of the 75th percentile of the measured dry deposition fluxes and RTWC results using the measured elemental dry deposition fluxes agreed well and consistently showed that there were large potential source areas in the Gobi Desert in China and Mongolia and industrial areas near Tianjin, Tangshan, and Shenyang in China. Major industrial areas of Shenyang, Fushun, and Anshan, the Central China loess plateau, the Gobi Desert, and the Alaskan semi-desert in China were identified to be major source areas for the measured Pb flux in Seoul, Korea. For Al, the main industrial areas of Tangshan, Tianjin and Beijing, the Gobi Desert, the Alashan semi-desert, and the Central China loess plateau were found to be the major source areas. These results indicate that both anthropogenic sources such as industrial areas and natural sources such as deserts contribute to the high dry deposition fluxes of both Pb and Al in Seoul, Korea during yellow-sand events. RTWC resolved several high potential source areas. Modeling results indicated that the long-range transport of Al and Pb from China during yellow-sand events as well as non yellow-sand spring daytimes increased atmospheric dry deposition of heavy metals in Korea.

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Evaluation of the Secondary Particle Effect in Inhomogeneous Media for Proton Therapy Using Geant4 Based MC Simulation (Geant4 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 활용한 불균질 매질에서의 양성자의 이차입자 영향 분석)

  • Park, So-Hyun;Jung, Won-Gyun;Rah, Jeong-Eun;Park, Sung-Yong;Suh, Tae-Suk
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.311-322
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    • 2010
  • In proton therapy, the analysis of secondary particles is important due to delivered dose outside the target volume and thus increased potential risk for the development of secondary cancer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of secondary particles from proton beams on fluence and energy deposition in the presence of inhomogeneous material by using Geant4 simulation toolkit. The inhomogeneity was modeled with the condition that the adipose tissue, bone and lung equivalent slab with thickness of 2 cm were inserted at 30% (Plateau region) and 80% (Bragg peak region) dose points of maximum dose in Bragg curve. The energy of proton was varied with 100, 130, 160 and 190 MeV for energy dependency. The results for secondary particles were presented for the fluence and deposited energy of secondary particles at inhomogeneous condition. Our study demonstrates that the fluence of secondary particles is neither influenced insertion of inhomogeneties nor the energy of initial proton, while there is a little effect by material density. The deposited energy of secondary particles has a difference in the position placed inhomogeneous materials. In the Plateau region, deposited energy of secondary particles mostly depends on the density of inserted materials. Deposited energy in the Bragg region, in otherwise, is influenced by both density of inserted material and initial energy of proton beams. Our results suggest a possibility of prediction about the distribution of secondary particles within complex heterogeneity.

Development of Multiwire Proportional Counter for Measurement of Environmental-level Alpha Particles (환경준위 알파입자측정을 위한 다중선 비례계수기 개발(I))

  • Oh, Pil Jae;Park, Tae Soon;Lee, Min Kie;Kim, Kyung Hwa
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 1996
  • The muiltiwire proportional counter for the measurement of low-level and environmental $\alpha$ particles emitting nuclides was developed. External dimension of the devloped multiwire proportional counter is $350{\times}290{\times}30mm$ and the sensitivity area is $250{\times}200mm$. The wall material of the detector was selected the stainless steel to prevent the deformation by external impact and to obtain minimum background. The anode and cathode wires were used the stainless steel material of diameter $50{\mu}m$. The spacing of each wires are 10.0mm, 5.0mm and the numbers of total wire are 21, 42 lines, respectively. The multiwire proportional counter was designed that the measurement source is placed within the detector to prevent the wall absorption effect and the efficiency variation by various source heights. The characteristics of the developed detector have been investigated to obtain the plateau, operating voltage, background, counting efficiency, position sensitivity and energy resolution etc. For the $^{241}Am$ nuclide, the calculated LLD(Lower Limit of Detection) is 5.0mBq/L which is lower than 40mBq/L of recommended LLD value by ISO(International Organization for Standardization).

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