• 수완나부미
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-53
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• 2010

The Chandi Borobudur was likely constructed around 800 AD, during the period of the Sailendra dynasty in central Java, Indonesia. The Chandi Borobudur have 1460 narrative panels of reliefs which are distributed from the hidden foot to the fourth gallery. The 160 panels show various scenes of actions producing the corresponding results according to the Karmavibhanga(分別善惡報應經) text. Blameworthy activities with their purgatorial punishments and praiseworthy activities with their subsequent rewards are both shown. The 120 panels depict the biography of Buddha according to the Lalitavistara (方廣大莊嚴經) text. The 620 panels depict stories from Jatakas (本生譚) and Avadanas (譬喩經). The stories of 560 panels are based on Mahayayana (入法界品, 488 panels) and Bhadrucari (普賢行願讚, 72 panels) of Gandavyuha (華嚴經) text. In this study, among the 120 narrative reliefs which tell the life story of Buddha according to the Lalitavistara text in Chandi Borobudur, the images of Birth of Siddhārtha(誕生), The Great Departure (出家), Attaintment of Enlightenment (成道) and The First Sermon (初轉法輪) have been compared with the images of biography of Buddha showing in Ancient India, Gandhara and South India, and China. From a historical perspective of cultural exchange, Borobudur is very important site because it is located on the south route of transmission of Buddhism from India to South Asia, China, Korea and Japan. Study on the reliefs sculptured on the wall of Chandi Borobudur provide us information to understand the process of spreading and changes in styles of Buddhist arts.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2017

인도는 2014년 외국 기업들을 대상으로 기업사회적책임(CSR)을 법규화 하여 이를 의무화 하였다. 한편 인도 진출 한국 IT 기업들의 고민 중 하나는 종업원들의 이직률이 매우 높다는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 크게 네 가지 차원에서 수행되었다. 첫째, 인도 소재 한국 IT기업들은 CSR활동을 의무적으로 해야 하는데, 이들 활동이 과연 종업원들의 이직의도를 감소시킬 수 있는지 알아보는 것, 둘째, CSR과 이직의도 간 관계에서 직무배태성의 매개효과 검증, 셋째, CSR과 이직의도 간 관계에서 조직동일시의 매개효과 검증, 넷째, CSR과 이직의도 간 관계에서 직무배태성과 조직동일시의 이중매개효과 규명이다. 연구결과, CSR활동은 이직의도에 직접적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않고, 직무배태성과 조직동일시의 매개효과를 통해 이직의도를 결과적으로 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 인도 소재 한국IT기업들이 외국법인의 의무사항으로 법규화된 CSR활동을 전략적으로 수행한다면, 이는 종업원들의 회사에 대한 적합성을 증가시키고 회사와의 일체감을 증대하여 결국 이직률을 감소시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.222-246
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• 2012

이 연구는 세계 39개 생물다양성 hot spot중에 하나인 인도 동부 히말라야 상부 Siang 지역의 식물상을 4년 동안 조사한 결과물이다. 이 지역의 식생에 대한 분석결과와 함께 조사된 총 1,003분류군, 110과, 529속, 994종, 1아종 그리고 8변종의 피자식물 목록을 첨부하였으며 1신종, 3미기록종 및 82특산종을 포함하고 있다. 초본과 관목의 다양성이 교목보다는 높게 나타났으며 과별로는 벼과, 콩과 그리고 난과 순으로 다양성이 우세한 것으로 조사되었다. 이 지역의 절멸위기에 처한 종들을 보고함과 동시에 급속한 도시화와 화전은 자연식생의 직접적인 절멸을 가속화하고 있어 이 지역의 자연유산을 보호하고 보존하는 방법을 찾는데 도움이 되기를 제안한다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of origins of soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, nutrients and energy retention and fecal microflora in broilers. The SBM originating from Korea, Brazil and India were used. A total of 480 broiler chicks (average initial BW, 41.8 g) were randomly allotted to 6 treatments. Each treatment had 4 replicate pens with 20 chicks per pen. Birds were fed diets containing SBM originated from Korea (domestic SBM), Brazil or India (imported SBM) and the diets were based on the total amino acid (TAA) or true digestible amino acid (TDAA). Experimental diets were fed in two phases, starter (d 0~21) and finisher (d 22~35). The overall weight gain, feed intake and FCR were better (P<0.05) in birds fed Korean SBM. During starter and finisher periods, birds fed diets containing Korean SBM had greater (P<0.05) retention of GE, DM, and CP (P<0.05) as compared with Birds fed diets containing SBM from India. In addition, diets formulated on TDAA basis had grater (P<0.05) CP retention during starter period and DM, GE and CP retention during finisher period. There were no differences (P>0.05) in the excreta microflora and overall feed cost per kg body weight gain in birds fed SBM from different origins; however, diets formulated on TDAA basis had lesser (P<0.05) feed cost per kg body weight gain in birds when compared with diets formulated on TAA basis. These results indicate that Korean SBM has better nutrients digestibility than SMB originated from Brazil and India, which contributes to the improved performance of broilers. In addition, better performance was obtained when diets were formulated on TIDAA basis.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2010

이 연구는 1999년 1분기부터 2008년 4분기까지 SITC 10개 산업분류 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 무역상대국인 인도네시아, 인도, 중국, 일본에 대한 무역수지와 환율간의 장기관계를 분석하였다. 실증분석은 소표본 문제를 완화하고 추정과 검정의 효율성을 제고시키기 위하여 비안정적인 패널자료에 대한 패널분석기법을 적용하였다. 그룹간 패널 DOLS로 산업분류별 무역상대국별 무역수지함수를 추정한 결과 패널전체의 경우 인도와 일본, 중국의 경우 Marshall-Lerner 조건을 지지하였으나 인도네시아의 경우 기각하였다. 개별 산업에 대해서는 인도네시아 2개 산업, 인도 5개 산업, 일본 4개 산업, 중국 6개 산업이 Marshall-Lerner 조건을 지지하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.129-129
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• 2021

Constructed wetlands (CW) are artificially developed wetlands that are used to control water pollution. In central India, the field application of CW started on the late 1990s but are mostly focused on wastewater treatment. In this paper, different existing and experimental studies on constructed wetlands were reviewed to be able to determine the current status of wetlands in India to identify the type of CW that is more suitable in managing a specific target pollutant and type of wastewater. Wetlands were categorized into three types: vertical flow, horizontal flow, and hybrid while the wastewater were classified as domestic and industrial. Based on the review, 80% of constructed wetlands are used for treating domestic wastewater while 20% are treating industrial wastewater. Inflow analysis showed that industrial wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland produced the highest average concentration for parameters like COD (2851 mg/L) and BOD (5715 mg/L) while the lowest concentration was TN (13.97 mg/L) found in municipal wastewater. In terms of removing nonpoint source pollutants, it was revealed that vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) are more effective at removing TSS and BOD as compared to horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCW) and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCW). HCW were found to be capable of efficiently removing COD and TN. Meanwhile, HFCW showed the highest TP removal among all the types of wetlands. In addition, VFCW were more effective for domestic wastewater while HCW are more effective for treating industrial wastewater. Lastly, there is currently a need to conduct further research on constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater as well as stormwater treatment to be able to gather more data and improve wetland design, performance, and maintenance.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.462-462
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• 2022

Wetlands are one of the most vital natural habitats on the planet. India is incredibly blessed to have a number of multifunctional wetland ecosystems. Wetlands, in addition to their functional importance, can act as sources or sinks for greenhouse gases (GHGs) depending on their intrinsic factors. Carbon (CO2) and Methane (CH4) are the major greenhouse gases (GHG's) emitted in wetlands. It is demonstrated that, despite having 4.6 percent of its area covered by natural or man-made wetlands, being home to a large number of wetlands, and being the world's second largest cultivator of paddy, India's wetlands, including paddy fields that are intermittently flooded as typical wetlands, have been very poorly studied in terms of GHG emissions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of Indian wetlands and wetlands in terms of CH4 and CO2 emissions. The present study also reviews various literature to provide the equations, parameters that are required for estimating carbon and methane and some of the best strategies for conserving carbon in wetlands. The findings suggest that both non-manipulative and manipulative measures can be used to improve Carbon Sequestration (CS). Non-manipulative measures aim to improve CS by increasing the spatial extent of wetlands, whereas manipulative measures aim to change the characteristics of specific wetland components that influence CS. Uncertainty in carbon dynamics projections under changing environmental conditions is caused by a number of Knowledge gaps: i) There is a lack of knowledge on how organic matter mineralizes and partitions into carbon dioxide, methane, and dissolved organic carbon, ii) With the notable exception of methane dynamics, models that represent the dynamic interaction of processes and their controls have yet to be established. As a result, more research is needed to fully understand the importance of wetlands in terms of GHG emissions and carbon sequestration in India.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2003

As the launches of a series of remote sensing satellites, there are various multiresolution and multi-spectral images available nowadays. This diversity in remotely sensed image data has created a need to be able to integrate data from different sources. The C-band imaging radar of ERS-2 due to its high sensitivity to coastal wetlands holds tremendous potential in mapping and monitoring coastal wetland features. This paper investigates the advantages of using ERS-2 SAR data combined with IRS-ID LISS-3 data for mapping complex coastal wetland features of Tamil Nadu, southern India. We present a methodology in this paper that highlights the mapping potential of different combinations of filtering and integration techniques. The methodology adopted here consists of three major steps as following: (i) speckle noise reduction by comparative performance of different filtering algorithms, (ii) geometric rectification and coregistration, and (iii) application of different integration techniques. The results obtained from the analysis of optical and microwave image data have proved their potential use in improving interpretability of different coastal wetland features of southern India. Based visual and statistical analyzes, this study suggests that brovey transform will perform well in terms of preserving spatial and spectral content of the original image data. It was also realized that speckle filtering is very important before fusing optical and microwave data for mapping coastal mangrove wetland ecosystem.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

우리나라는 자국 물류시장의 성숙과 이로 인한 치열한 경쟁을 극복하고, 급성장하는 세계 물류시장에서의 입지를 강화코자 2006년부터 기본계획을 수립하여 글로벌 물류시장 진출을 위한 의욕적인 정책을 추진하고 있다. 특히 인도는 인구가 11억에 달하고 제2의 중국으로 인식되면서 글로벌 물류기업들의 관심과 진출이 지속적으로 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 글로벌 물류기업들이 진출해 있는 인도 물류시장에서 성공적인 해외투자를 위해 유망한 물류사업을 선정하고, 이에 대한 투자의 우선순위를 평가하는 Fuzzy-AHP 의사결정 모델을 제시하였다. Fuzzy-AHP 기법은 가용한 정보의 부족으로 인한 의사결정자의 애매모호한 정도를 정량적으로 반영하여 의사결정의 정확성을 높일 수 있다. 본 모델은 우선순위 평가요소 및 대안들을 선정하고 문제를 구조화 한 후, 해운, 항만, 3PL의 전문가 집단으로 나누어 설문조사를 실시하고 이를 종합하여 대 인도 투자사업의 우선순위를 제시하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 투자대안의 우선순위는 항만터미널 운영, ODCY 운영, 도로운송업, 포워더업, 내륙창고 운영의 순으로 나타났다. 즉 현 시점에서 항만터미널 운영이 인도 물류시장 진출 시 가장 관심을 가져야 할 사업이며, 다음으로 항만 인근의 ODCY 확보가 중요한 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 인도 진출 시 성공 가능성이 낮은 사업은 내륙창고 운영으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2000년도 전지기술심포지움
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• pp.137-156
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• 2000