• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.1 s.18
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• pp.53-62
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• 1999

Modernism in architecture is a very complex and contradictory phenomena. So much so that it has been defined in various ways throughout the history, depending on one's position in the cultural and historical circumstances. It is thus necessary to map out the various concepts of modernism and their relationships in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of modern architecture. This paper attempts to define the various positions as functionalism, formalism and artistic avant-gardism, and to trace their history from the early twentieth century to the present. The change of the concept of modernism from functionalism to artistic avant-gardism seems a logical process in the history of western modem culture. The tendency of contemporary architecture to be more abstract and self referential artistic practice reflects the fragmentation of modern culture and the separation of art and technology. The validity of this position, of course, depends on how one evaluates the role of modern art in the situation of modern culture. It could be viewed either negatively or positively. However, this position is problematic in that it disregards the fundamental differences between architecture and other arts and distanced architecture farther from its material base. Given this historical perspective on the concept of modernism, modernism in Korea should not viewed simply identical to the western modernism, nor should western modernism be imported uncritically. The characteristics of her modernization and their differences from the west should be considered, along with the different status and role of architecture in korean modern society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-203
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• 2017

This research analyzed consumer culture and usage of sugar in modern times based on 12 modern popular Korean cooking books with sugar recipes. Procedures were formed via textual analysis. The outcomes of the study can be summarized in brief statements. According to "Banchandeungsok", "Booinpilj", and "Chosunmoossangsinsikyorijebeob", sugar was utilized in 34 out of 663 or 5.1% of cooked foods during the 1910s to 1920s. According to books such as "Ganpyounchosunyorijebeob", "Ililhwalyongsinyoungyangyoribeob", "Chosun's cooking of the four seasons", "Halpaengyoungoo", "Chosunyorijebeob", and "Required reading for housewife", sugar was added to 165 out of 998 or 16.5% of cooked foods during the 1930s. According to the books like "Chosunyorihak", "Chosunyoribeob", and "Woorieumsik", sugar was an ingredient in 241 out of 756 or 31.9% of cooked foods during the 1940s. Sugar depicted within the 12 modern popular Korean cooking books primarily functioned as an alternative sweetener, starch, sweet enhancer, preservative, and seasoning. Similar to illustrated sugar from modern popular Korean cooking books, sugar has continually been favored by Korean cooks starting from the 1910s with 5.1% usage, the 1930s with 16.5% usage, and the 1940s with 31.9% usage. Despite its short history, sugar's culinary importance in Korea has been on the rise ever since the early 1900s. Although sugar is an exotic spice in Korea, it has gained social, cultural, and symbolic recognition as well as practicality within Korean food culture. Thus, it has become more internalized and familiarized as an inseparable sweetness that characterizes current Korean food.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.61-95
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• 2014

At the turn of the century in which European colonialism was reaching its zenith and modernization was gathering speed, public museums were institutionalized. This paper looks into the part these European modern museums played in territorializing academic disciplines like anthropology and art history. The museums to deal with are the British Museum and the National Gallery in London, Mus?e du Louvre in Paris, and Museumsinsel in Berlin. Rather than in-depth detailed analysis of each museum, the aim is to explore the ways in which these museological institutions interacting with modern disciplines in the wider colonial context objectified other cultures and formulated a framework of the world through classification and comparison of material things, on the basis of the judgement of their artistic values. This exploration is also to rethink theoretical positions and perspectives on the museum in Korea. It is remarkable in Europe that such academic fields as history, art history, anthropology and cultural studies look for new possibilities of museology in conjunction with the recent proliferation of studies on the museum as a medium to construct and deconstruct knowledge. Meanwhile, the mammoth European museums which are often considered a stronghold of museology advocate the 'universal museum' themselves, quite the modern idea but in a revised rendering. Under these circumstances, this paper seeks to shed light on the definition of the museum as an arena in which scholarly discourses about art, culture and history can be created and contested, on the effectiveness of the museum as a communication medium in a postcolonial era, and on the need to pay trans-disciplinary attention to the museum in its broadest sense.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.2 s.23
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• pp.101-116
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• 2000

Many cultural heritages for the modern ages in Korea are becoming lost rapidly as a result of subsequent technological innovation and changes in industrial structures and other reasons. But they are indispensable for an understanding of history, tradition culture of Korea, and form the basis for development and advancement of future culture at the same time. Therefore, this study is aimed to review the protection of cultural heritage in Japan, establishing the protection policies in Korea. In Japan, The Advisory Committee for the Preservation and Utilization of Modern Cultural heritage was organized by The Agency for Cultural Affairs. And this classified modern cultural heritage into four fields, as like; (1)monuments, (2)buildings, (3)fine arts and historical heritage, and (4)life, culture, and technology to pursue concrete research and study. The next step is tarrying out investigations to identify these cultural heritages, which were once the backbone of Japanese modernization and are now in the process of being lost, in an effort to preserve them as cultural heritage of the Japanese modernization period. The investigation will have conducted on an about eight year scheme starting with 1996. And it's will ask all local boards of education(of the prefectures, cities, towns, and villages throughout the country) to supply all related records or documents available and to cooperate in field studies. So now, many cultural heritages for the modern ages in Japan have been designated as Important Cultural Properties, Registered Tangible Cultural Properties, Monuments, etc. And they have been prepared various tax policy(ex, reduction of the real estate tax). Also, that's examples are not only one by one but magnified with protection of large-scale construction associated with region. In addition, magnified with region's activities. In conclusion, in the process, protection has been extended to a broader variety of cultural properties and much consideration has been given to the methods of protection in Japan.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.106-116
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• 2017

In the 1900s, the cultural crossing of East and West was realized through the acceptance and reproduction of culture. Cultural change in the Orient was the result of attempts to harmonize the West's images, which they chose in their respective countries, with their own culture. However, research on design history until now has been centered on the West, and East was regarded as a beneficiary of civilization inherited from Western's. From the point of view of Western design history as a main trend, the unique characteristics of Korean design culture are not revealed. Therefore, through this studies, we want to distinguish Korea's modern design, which has been recognized as a minority. For the study, through the wallpaper, which is one of the detailed components of the interior space in modern times, we try to analyze the socio - cultural historical factors and design characteristics influencing the formation of the interior space in modern times. Summarizing a result of research. The early modern wallpaper of England mainly uses plants as motifs. But In Korea, animal patterns and letter patterns were used. The reason why European wallpaper was mainly a plant at the time was that the structure of the motif was useful for the process of creation. However, in the case of the Korean wallpaper pattern, the theme was selected according to the meaning of the motif, and it was abstracted appropriately for the 2D design. As a result, many geometric shapes were formed. In addition, European wallpaper pattern is more complex and organic than Korean wallpaper pattern. Therefore, the boundary of the central pattern as the basic unit is unclear and the patterns are connected. The pattern development method is not a simple repetition but a combination of symmetry and repetition. In Korea, on the other hand, the boundaries of unit patterns are clear and patterns are developed by simple repetition. There are many diamond-type repeating patterns in particular.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.114-130
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to reveal the cultural meaning behind modern experiences of diversity through the history of clothing in Korea. To this end, this study examines aspects that dictate clothing culture acceptance experienced and practiced by women by analyzing the case of the Naju rural area in Jeollanam-do from the 1950s to 1980s. Modern clothing was accepted later in the 20 century in this village, and the Satgolnai traditional textile tradition was an important factor after 1950s. In addition, the continuity of the rural five-day market is different from practices in the city. Limitations in access to media such as TV, films, and magazines, and the functional meaning of clothing in rural areas contributed to limitations for women to get the opportunity to access modern clothing items that were popular in the city. Unlike in the city, the event that inspired the transition to full-scale modern clothing in this village was the Saemaul Undong Movement of the 1970s. Additionally, Mombbe (labor cloth) worn during the Japanese colonial period was continuously worn as daily clothes for Naju women even after the 1950s. Therefore, colonial modernity continued through clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.6 s.105
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• pp.16-32
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• 2006

Perceived meaning of color uniquely forms and is being highlighted as an element of creative design in the modern design industry as well as traditional culture. It is necessary to compare the perceived meanings of color and clothing color of Korea and Japan in order to find out the model of Korea's original color. The purpose of this study Is to draw the results of examining the perceived meanings of color revealed in the culture, arts and clothing color of the both countries and comparing them depending on contemporary times. The scope of study is limited from the ancient times to modern times (about BC.IC-early20C). In the methodologies, the literature and the empirical study focus on both counturies' literature, including art history, ethnology, and the history of clothing; and their paintings and relics, which are all related to clothes. The perceived meaning of color of Korea was prominent with the beauty of nature and gorgeousness throughout the history. The colors were mostly white colors, light colors, and single colors such as obangsaek, which are high pure degree colors by which color is changed depending on darkness and lightness, while that of Japan featured clothing colors combining various colors and middle colors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.381-399
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• 2016

The study presented attempts to analyze and categorize Chosun's food ingredients and culture through a Western perspective based on 32 representative Western documents pertaining to old Korea. Before modernization, Westerners visited Chosun during their visits to old China or Japan. Westerners were most active in Chosun from the open port period to the annexation of Korea to Japan occupation. They were teachers, missionaries, diplomats, and doctors visiting Chosun with personal goals. In 31 book traveler's journal, it records Chosen's mainly produced ingredients, such as grains, spices, fruits, cabbage, chicken, and chestnuts; foods from Chosen include kimchi, soup, and tofu. Foreigners especially liked foods made of eggs and chicken, but they did not enjoy Chosun's lack of sugar and dairy. Thirty-one book foreigners' records describe Chosun's Ondol, kitchen, crock, fermented foods, low dining tables, and chopsticks. Chosun people liked dog meat, unrestrained drinking culture, sungnyung, and tea culture. Foreign documentation on Chosun's food culture allows modern scholars to learn about Chosun people's lifestyles, as if their lives were a vivid picture.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

The development of human civilization has been accompanied by a corresponding development of storage facilities. In particular, the storage of residential spaces not only performs the storage management function for personal property but also is considered an important prerequisite for a comfortable life. While examining the history of the transformation of built-in furniture, this study emphasizes the social and cultural implications of Korean residences. Therefore, We attempt to uncover the Korean characteristics that can be discovered in the transformation of storage furniture according to the changes that occurred in Korean residential forms following the modern era and to question the problematic issues of the built-in furniture in Korea.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

The present study has investigated and explored the role of Sungkyunkwan during the Joseon Dynasty and implications for modern education in South Korea using numerous literature dataset, such as google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science. Sungkyunkwan had a significant role in the Joseon dynasty's academic, social and political life. They were known as Sungkyunkwan scholars and were the elite group with a significant controlling influence over the governmental structure. In addition, they influenced policy-making, judiciary, and culture preservation through their understanding and application of Confucianism. More specifically, the Sungkyunkwan graduates were appointed to serve in many administrative capacities in Hanyang and other city provinces, spreading the culture and beliefs of Sungkyunkwan throughout the kingdom. According to the prior study, South Korea faces the issues of modernity; however, the approaches brought by Sungkyunkwan and the concept of education that was adopted still have their relevance. Education in modern Korean society is closely connected with scholars; schools and universities are built to cultivate brilliant individuals with solid morals and values for society. The spirit of Sungkyunkwan, which is about diligence, perseverance, and ethical conduct, is still rooted in the Korean educational system.