• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

Twenty six male Hanwoo (Korean cattle) carcasses were measured for pH, temperature and instrumental color changes of loins during 24 h post-mortem carcass chilling at $4^{\circ}C$ in the cooler. The average internal temperature of loins was about $5^{\circ}C$ after 24 h of chilling, and with the exclusion of those with an ultimate pH>6.0 (dark-cutters), the average pH value was 5.5. When all carcasses were considered for the partial correlation coefficient between color and pH, with the temperature effect excluded, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ seemed to be affected significantly by pH during chilling process (p<0.001). However, when carcasses with dark-cutting condition were excluded, the correlation coefficients were much lower. In contrast, when the partial correlation coefficients between color and temperature, excluding the effect of pH on them, were analyzed, the relationship between color and temperature did not change much after values of DFD (dark, firm, dry) beef were excluded. The results suggested that the known interrelationship of color and pH in chilled beef loins be mainly due to the influence of temperature on pH and color.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.555-565
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• 1993

The studies on the liver fluke of Korea have been reviewed. The fluke is Fasciola hepatica. Its intermediate host is Lymnaea biridis, whose principal habitats are rice paddies. The first fascioliasis of Korean native(beef) cattle was reported in 1915. Bovine fascioliasis is present throughout the conuntry, including north Korea, with the average prevalence of 30%. The prevalence of the disease is about the same in dairy cattle, which have been imported from other countries since 1960s. The disease was also found in Korea in other species of animals such as sheep, goats, deer of zoo and farms, and guinea pigs of a laboratory. Human fascioliasis was reported ; 35 cases by fecal examination and 11 by both parasitology and pathology. Of the latter 11 cases, 5 were ectopic parasitism. Economic loss due to the reduced carcass weight and milk production, and liver condemnation was great. Almost all flukicides developed in other countries are commercially available in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.445-448
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• 1999

Beef and dairy cattle are the primary ruminant livestock in Korea, but there is a serious shortage of both fresh and dry forages. Small areas of forage crops or pastures, unfavorable soil and climatic conditions, high costs for pasture production, low establishment and management technologies, etc. are the main factors limiting roughage production in Korea. To meet the roughage demand of cattle several suggestions are presented. About 845,000 ha of hilly area could be developed for pastureland. Almost the same area of paddy field, and more than 200,000 ha of reclaimed land could be used for pasture production. If all the potential area is developed for pastureland, the area could be extended to 10 times more than is presently used for pasture crops and pastureland. Productivity would be increased by developing new technologies of establishment and management. Silvo-pastoral systems should be introduced to Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to survey various recips of the roasted skewered beef (Sanjuk) with twenty three classical cookbooks written before 1943 in Korea. The recipes of the roasted skewered beef are found thirty times in the records, which can be classified into six groups such as the palm-type skewered beef (Sulhamyukjuk), little finger-type skewered beef, mixed skewered beef, juice skewered beef, little finger-type skewered internal organs, and wide-cut skewered internal organs. The palm-type skewered beef and the mixed skewered beef most frequently appeared in the records. The 'Sulhamyukjuk' in the 17th century were inherited while changing its name to 'Sanjuk' in the late 18th century, which is the origin of 'Bulkoki'. There were two types of the roasted skewered beef, the palm-type and the little finger-type; and the palm type preceded the little finger-type. They were used with no change until the 19th century. Actually the roasted skewered beef existed even in the 16th century, but were put down in the early 17th century. In the cooking of 'Sulhamyukjuk' the process of dipping shortly into cold water in the midst of roast seems to absolutely disappeared. Some recipes of the roasted skewered beef were lost, but most have been inherited in the similar way with simplification including little use of internal organs. The main ingredients consisted of parts of cattle such as fresh meat, intestines, heart, liver, omasum, tripe, head, sweet bread, and lung with various vegetables and mushroom. And the main seasonings were mixtures of oil, soy sauce, sesame seed powder, scallion stalk, pepper, sesame seed oil, and salt. And sometimes wine, vinegar, ginger, garlic, and sugar were added.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2023

The current study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from beef and pork production and distribution chains in the South Korean meat industry. Data from industrial example farms and slaughterhouses were assessed on the basis of both the guidelines from the United Kingdom's Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050:2011 and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute carbon footprint calculation. The main factors for our estimations were animal feeds, manure waste, transportation, energy and water, refrigerants, and package data. Our analyses show that 16.55 kg CO₂ equivalent (eq) was emitted during the production of 1 kg of live cattle. When retail yields and packing processes were considered, the CO₂-eq of 1 kg of packaged Hanwoo beef was 27.86 kg. As for pigs, emissions from 1 kg of live pigs and packaged pork meat were 2.62 and 12.75 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. While we gathered data from only two farms and slaughterhouses and our findings can therefore not be extrapolated to all meats produced in the South Korean meat industry, they indicate that manure waste is the greatest factor affecting ultimate CO₂ emissions of packaged meats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2013

Hanwoo (Also known as Korean native cattle; Bos taurus coreanae) have been used for transportation and farming for a long time in South Korea. It has been about 30 yrs since Hanwoo improvement began in earnest as beef cattle for meat yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the trend of improvement as well as to estimate genetic parameters of the traits being used for seedstock selection based on the data collected from the past. Hanwoo proven bulls in South Korea are currently selected through performance and progeny tests. National Hanwoo genetic evaluations are implemented with yearling weight (YW), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS). Yearling weights and MS are used for selecting young bulls, and EMA, BF, and MS are used for selecting proven bulls. One individual per testing room was used for performance tests, and five individuals per room for progeny tests. Individuals tested were not allowed to graze pasture, but there was enough space for them to move around in the testing room. Feeds including roughages and minerals were fed ad libitum, and concentrates were provided at the rate of about 1.8% of individual weight. Overall means of the traits were $352.8{\pm}38.56$ kg, $335.09{\pm}44.61$ kg, $77.85{\pm}8.838\;cm^2$, $8.6{\pm}3.7$ mm and $3.293{\pm}1.648$ for YW, CW, EMA, BF and MS. Heritabilities estimated in this study were 0.30, 0.30, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.63 in YW, CW, EMA, BF and MS, respectively, which are similar to results from previous research. Yearling weight was 315.54 kg in 1998, and had increased to 355.06 kg in 2011, resulting in about 40 kg of improvement over 13 yrs. YW and CW have improved remarkably over the past 15 yrs. Breeding values between 1996 and 2000 decreased or did not change much, but have moved in a desirable direction since 2001. These improvements correspond with the substantial increase in use of animal models since the late 1990s in Korea. Hanwoo testing programs have practically contributed to the improvement in aspects of quality and quantity. In sum, the current selection system is good enough to accommodate circumstances where fewer sires are used on many more cows. Although progeny tests take longer and cost more, they seem to be appropriate under the circumstances of the domestic market with its higher requirement for better meat quality. Consequently, accumulative data collection, genetic evaluation model development, revision of selection indices, as well as cooperation among farms, associations, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, universities, research institutes, and government agencies must be applied to the Hanwoo selection program. All these efforts will assist the domestic market to secure a competitive position against imported beef under Free Trade Agreement trade system and will provide farmers with higher profits as well as the public with a higher quality of beef.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.267-283
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• 2001

In endemic areas of Taenia tapeworms in Korea, most of the reports showed that T. saginata was dominant over T. solium, but eating pigs is the dominant habit over eating cattle. Why do they have more T saginata despite lower consumption of beef This problem actually has long been recognized but until recently there has been no intensive trial to give a scientific explanation on this epidemiological enigma. By summing up the data published between the years 1963 and 1999, the ratio of armed versus unarmed tapeworms in humans was estimated at approximately 1 :5. The ratio of pig-eaters versus cattle-eaters, however, was approximately 5: 1. This inconsistency could be explained with the recently described T. asiatica, which infects humans through the eating of pig's viscera. We re-evaluate the importance of the consumption of visceral organ of pigs, leading us to an improved epidemiological understanding of the T. asiatica infection together with co-existing T. saginata and T. solium in Korea.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.761-782
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• 2006

미국의 농업경영, 특히 축산업으로 인한 잠재적인 환경피해는 많은 우려를 낳고 있다. 축산업간에도 종별로 생산과정과 축산폐수관리 과정 등이 다르고 특히 각기 다른 산업별 구조변화로 환경정책의 영향은 각각 다를 것이다. 비육우의 경우 전통적으로 강한 주들이 지금도 주요한 생산지이지만 양돈의 경우에는 규모별 입지가 급격히 변해왔고 이 과정에서 환경정책에 대한 반영이 비육우의 경우보다 더욱 능동적이었을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 이 같은 가정 하에 양돈업이 축산규제로부터 더 강한 영향을 받을 뿐 아니라 더 많은 영향을 줄 것이라는 가설을 세웠다. 결과를 보면 주 정부의 집행의사가 없는 규제정책은 큰 효율성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 집행의지는 상당한 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 양돈업과 같이 내부적인 구조변화가 심하게 진행되고 있는 경우가 양돈업의 규모와 입지선정에 보다 민감함을 보였다. 환경순응비는 전체 생산비 중 극히 일부분에 불과하다. 따라서 육우산업의 경우에는 높은 고정비 때문에 환경순응에 상대적으로 덜 민감한 반면 양돈업의 경우에는 구조변화 과정에서 환경순응비를 고려한 위치와 규모를 민감하게 반영하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 미국의 많은 주들이 양돈을 대상으로 한 새로운 규제를 시행하고 있는 점도 이를 시사하는 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

The present study describes an investigation on an epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) which has been occurred among dairy cattle farms in Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do since 2007. The investigation was performed in three ways as follows: 1. Collecting information about bovine TB outbreaks using investigation reports, an on-the-spot and tracing-back investigations; 2. Analyzing the outbreak pattern; 3. Establishing hypothesis and performing statistical analysis on potential risk factors. In the early 2000s, TB outbreaks were sporadically reported in beef cattle, and only a small number ($1{\sim}2$) of reactors was confirmed in each of outbreak farms. The number of TB outbreaks has been suddenly increased from 2007, mainly in dairy cattle farms. And these outbreaks were temporarily clustered during the period, from March 2007 to April 2009 (relative risk, RR = 13.7, p < 0.001). And two spatial clusters of which radiuses were 0.3 km (RR = 6.9, p < 0.001) and 0.9 km (RR = 3.6, p < 0.01). The analysis to find risk factors was performed on 99 dairy farms (21 outbreaks), which are located in the most seriously affected village during 2007-2009. Middleman (odds ratio, OR = 47.4, p < 0.05) and raw milk collecting system (OR = 6.9, p < 0.05) were recognized as with the highest association. Considering the fact that all the outbreak farms except one had their own manure composting tank, it might be that the manure containing pathogen was leaked from tank and transmitted to other farms by fomites such as middleman or raw milk collecting system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2012

The breeding value of marbling score in skeletal muscle is an important factor for evaluating beef quality. In the present study, we investigated proteins associated with the breeding value of the marbling score for bovine sirloin to select potential biomarkers to improve meat quality through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins isolated from muscle were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After analyzing images of the stained gel, seven protein spots for the high marbling score group were identified corresponding to changes in expression that were at least two-fold compared to the low marbling score group. Four spots with increased intensities in the high marbling score group were identified as phosphoglycerate kinase 1, triosephophate isomerase, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein PO, and capping protein (actin filament) Z-line alpha 2. Spots with decreased intensities in the high marbling score group compared to the low score group were identified as 14-3-3 epsilon, carbonic anhydrase II, and myosin light chain 1. Expression of myosin light chain 1 and carbonic anhydrase 2 was confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, these data could help improve the economic performance of cattle and provide useful information about the underlying the function of bovine skeletal muscle.