• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2003

Although phoscorites and carbonatites form only a minor proportion of the earth's crustal rocks, these unusual rocks and their intimate relation are of both academic and economic importance. Rare metal (Nb, Zr, Ta) and REEs mineralizations are in close relation with the differentiation of these phoscorite-carbonatite complexes (PCCs). Recent integrated petrological and geochemical data on PCCs in the Kola Alkaline Province, Arctic, indicate that phoscorites and associated carbonatites are differentiated from common 'carbonated silicate patental magma'. Various hypotheses for the genesis of phoscorite-carbonatite complexes have been proposed during the last half-century. A simple magmatic fractionation scheme can not explain the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of phoscorite and conjugate carbonatite. Instead, the hypotheses involving liquid immiscibility and coeval accumulation processes are favored to explain the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of phoscorite and carbonatite association.

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2004년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.32-34
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• 2004

• 한국암석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암석학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.32-34
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• 2004

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2003년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.67-67
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• 2003

The chemical compositions and textural relationships of the Nb-Zr oxide minerals including pyrochlore [ideally (Ca,Na)$_2$Nb$_2$O$\sub$6/(OH,F), with up to 24% UO$_2$ and 16% Ta$_2$O$\sub$5/] and baddeleyite [ideally ZrO$_2$, with up to 6% Nb$_2$O$\sub$5/] in the Sokli carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, Arctic are described. These two minerals in carbonatites are the major hosts for the HFSEs such as U, Th, Ta, Nb, Zr and Hf and thus are interest both economically and petrologically. The Sokli carbonatite complex (360-370 Ma) in Northern Finland, which forms a part of the Paleozoic Kola Alkaline Province (KAP), is mainly composed of multi-stages of carbonatite and phoscorite associations (P1-C1 P2-C2, P3-C3, D4 and D5) surrounded by altered ultramafic rocks (olivinite and pyroxenite) and cut by numerous small dikes of ultramafic lamprophyre. The Sokli complex contains the highest concentration in niobium and probably in tantalum, which are economically very important to modern steel technology, among the ultramafic-alkaline complexes of the KAP. Pyrochlore and baddeleyite mostly concentrate in the phoscorites. Pyrochlores in the Sokli complex are generally rounded octahedra and cubes in shape, red brown to grey yellow in color, and 0.2 to 5 mm in size. They are found in all calcite carbonatites, phoscorites and dolomite carbonatites, except P1-C1 rocks. These pyrochlores display remarkable zonations which depend on host rock compositions, and have significant compositional variations with evolution of the Sokli complex. The common variation scheme is that (1) early pyrochlore is highly enriched in U and Ta; (2) these elements decrease abruptly in the intermediate stage, while Th and Ce increase, and (3) late stage pyrochlore is low in U, Ta, Th, and Ce, and correspondingly high in Nb. Baddeleyites in the Sokli complex occur in the early P1-C1 and P2-C2 rocks and rarely in P3. They crystallized earlier than pyrochlores, and occasionally show post-magmatic corrosion and replacement. The FeO and TiO$_2$ contents of baddeleyites are much lower than those of the other terrestrial and lunar baddeleyites, whereas Nb$_2$O$\sub$5/ and Ta$_2$O$\sub$5/ contents are the highest among the reported compositions. Ta/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios of pyrochlores and baddeleyites decrease towards later stage facies, which is in accordance with the whole rock compositions. The variation of Ta/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios of pyrochlores and baddeleyites is considered to be a good indicator to trace an evolution of the carbonatite complexes.

• 암석학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.170-183
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• 2003

북동 발틱 순상지의 데본기 콜라 알칼리 암석구의 일부에 해당하는 속리복합체는 암맥상으로 산출되는 다양한 규모의 초염기성 림프로파이어를 동반한다. 속리 초염기성 럼프로파이어(lamprophyre)는 암석학적 그리고 지구화학적 특성에 의해 아이리카이트(aillikite)로 분류된다. 속리 아아리카이트가 갖는 높은 Cr과 Ni 함량 그리고 낮은 $Al_2$O$_3$ 함량은 이 암석이 결핍된 맨틀의 하쯔버자이트(harzburgite)로부터 유래되었음을 지시한다. 그러나 킴벌라이트(kimberlite)와 비교하면 Cr, Ni의 한량과 mg-number가 낮고 중희토류원소의 결핍정도가 약한 특징을 보이는데, 이는 기원맨틀의 석류석 함량이 적었고 따라서 용융심도도 킴벌라이트보다 앝았다는 것을 지시한다. 속리 아이리카이트에 함유된 매우 높은 불호정성원소들과 휘발성 성분(주로 $CO_2$)은 근본적으로 결핍된 기원맨틀에 부화된 물질이 첨가되어야 함을 지시한다. 또한 속리 아이리카이트의 특징적으로 높은 K함량으로부터 기원맨틀에 금운모 같은K함량이 높은 광물이 존재하였을 것이라고 추정할 수 있다.