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Sex Differences in Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the KoRean wOmen'S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE)

  • Hack-Lyoung Kim;Myung-A Kim
    • Korean Circulation Journal
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    • 제53권10호
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    • pp.655-676
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    • 2023

  • Interest in sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) has been steadily increasing. Concurrently, most of the data on these differences have primarily been Western-oriented. The KoRean wOmen'S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE), started in 2011, has since published numerous research findings. This review aims to summarize the reported differences between men and women in CAD, integrating data from KoROSE. Cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women escalates dramatically due to the decrease in estrogen levels, which normally offer cardiovascular protective effects. Lower estrogen levels can lead to abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, increased blood pressure, and endothelial dysfunction in older women. Upon analyzing patients with CAD, women are typically older and exhibit more cardiovascular risk factors than men. Diagnosing CAD in women tends to be delayed due to their symptoms being more atypical than men's. While in-hospital outcome was similar between sexes, bleeding complications after percutaneous coronary intervention occur more frequently in women. The differences in long-term prognosis for CAD patients between men and women are still a subject of ongoing debate. Pregnancy and reproductive factors also play a significant role as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. A notable sex disparity exists, with women found to use fewer cardiovascular protective drugs and undergo fewer interventional or surgical procedures than men. Additionally, women participate less frequently than men in clinical research. Through concerted efforts to increase awareness of sex differences and mitigate sex disparity, personalized treatment can be provided. This approach can ultimately improve patient prognosis.

  • https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2023.0205 인용 PDF

Scaling Rules for Multi-Finger Structures of 0.1-μm Metamorphic High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

  • Ko, Pil-Seok;Park, Hyung-Moo
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2013

  • We examined the scaling effects of a number of gate_fingers (N) and gate_widths (w) on the high-frequency characteristics of $0.1-{\mu}m$ metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors. Functional relationships of the extracted small-signal parameters with total gate widths ($w_t$) of different N were proposed. The cut-off frequency ($f_T$) showed an almost independent relationship with $w_t$; however, the maximum frequency of oscillation ($f_{max}$) exhibited a strong functional relationship of gate-resistance ($R_g$) influenced by both N and $w_t$. A greater $w_t$ produced a higher $f_{max}$; but, to maximize $f_{max}$ at a given $w_t$, to increase N was more efficient than to increase the single gate_width.

  • https://doi.org/10.5515/JKIEES.2013.13.2.127 인용 PDF KSCI KPUBS