• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10933-10935
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• 2015

Background: Many scientists have reported Candida species to be of great concern because of the high frequency that they colonize and infect human hosts, particularly cancer patients. Moreover, in the last decades Candida species have developed resistance to many antifungal agents. Based on this, we aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of Candida spp from blood culture bottles among cancer patients and their antifungal resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: From the blood culture bottles isolation and identification of the Candida spp were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The in vitro antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by CLSI guidelines. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified. Each gene was separated by agar gel electrophoresis. Results: Identification of Candida spp was based on the presence of yeast cells in direct examination, culture and DNA extraction. Of the 68 blood samples collected during the study period (April 2013 to October 2013), five (7.35%) were positive for the presence of Candida spp, 2 (40%) of which were identified as Candida albicans and 3 (60%) were Candida non-albicans. Conclusions: High resistance to amphotricin B was observed among all the Candida non-albicans isolates. Regular investigations into antifungal resistance will help us to get an updated knowledge about their antibiotic resistance pattern which may help the physician in selecting the antibiotics for empirical therapy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.589-601
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• 2014

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is emerging as a new eco-friendly source of energy to replace fossil fuels in the 21st century. It is well known that the Natural Gas Hydrate contains large amount of natural gas about 170 times as much as its volume and it is easy to be stored and transported safely at about $-20^{\circ}C$ under atmospheric pressure due to so called "self-preservation effect". The option of gas transport by gas hydrate pellets carrier has been investigated and developed in various industry and academy. The natural gas hydrate pellet carrier is on major link in a potential gas hydrate process chain, starting with the extraction of natural gas from the reservoir, followed by the production of hydrate pellets and the transportation to an onshore terminal for further processing or marketing. In recent years, Korean project team supported by Korean Government has been working on the development of NGH total systems including novel NGH carrier since 2011. In order to increase the knowledge on the NGH pellet carrier developed and to understand the major hazards that could have significant impact on the safety of the vessel, this paper presents and evaluates the pros and cons of cargo holds, loading and unloading systems through the analysis of current patent technology. Based on the proven and well-known technologies as well as potential measures to mitigate sintering and minimize mechanical stress on the hydrate pellet in the self-preservation state, this study presents the conceptual and basic design for NGH carrier.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2018

지난 수십 년 동안 인공 신경망은 음성 인식에서 이미지 분류에 이르기까지 수많은 분야에서 성공적으로 사용되었다. 그러나 인공 신경망은 특정 결론이 어떻게 도출되었는지 알 필요가 있음에도 불구하고 이러한 결과를 설명할 수 있는 능력이 부족하다. 대부분의 연구는 신경망에서 이진 규칙을 추출하는데 초점을 맞추고 있지만, 기계 학습 응용 프로그램에 사용되는 데이터는 연속된 값이 포함되어 있기 때문에 실용적이지 않은 경우가 있다. 이러한 격차를 줄이기 위해 본 논문에서는 연속된 값이 포함된 데이터로부터 학습된 신경망에서 논리 규칙을 추출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 초평면 기반 선형 분류기를 사용하여 입력 및 은닉 층 사이에서 학습된 가중치로부터 규칙을 추출하고, 비선형 분류 규칙을 생성하기 위해 은닉 층과 출력 층에서 학습된 이진 규칙과 분류기를 결합한다. 비선형 연속값으로 구성된 여러 데이터셋을 대상으로 진행한 실험에서 제안하는 방법이 논리적 규칙을 정확하게 추출할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.231-254
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• 2001

특정 주제영역의 시소러스에 수록되는 디스크립의 의미 범위를 한정하고, 개념의 본질적인 속성을 제공하기 위해 정의를 도입하고, 정의를 구성하는 데이터요소를 정의모델에 따라 분석한 후, 이를 시소러스 관계구조로 표현하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 한국산업규격(KS)의 정보산업분야에 수록된 용어정의 327개를 정의규칙과 정의모델에 따라 분석한 다음, 각 속성을 디스크립터의 관계구조로 표현한 시소러스를 실험적으로 구현하였다. 지금까지 시소러스 구축시 개발주체의 성격에 따라 디스크립터 수록범위와 관계구조의 설정을 달리해 왔다. 용어의 정의를 시소러스 구조에 도입하게 되면 각 디스크립터의 의미범위를 한정할 수 있고, 동시에 정의에 사용된 용어간의 의미관계를 디스크립터 관계고조로 표현할 수 있어, 의미범위와 관계구조의 표준화 가능성을 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

Accurate knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) features and their relative changes over upon the time are essential for sustainable urban management. Urban sprawl growth has been always also a worldwide concern that needs to carefully monitor particularly in a developing country where unplanned building constriction has been expanding at a high rate. Recently, remotely sensed imageries with a very high spatial/spectral resolution and state of the art machine learning approaches sent the urban classification and growth monitoring to a higher level. In this research, we classified the Quickbird satellite imagery by object-based image analysis of Dempster-Shafer (OBIA-DS) for the years of 2002 and 2015 at Karbala-Iraq. The real LULC changes including, residential sprawl expansion, amongst these years, were identified via change detection procedure. In accordance with extracted features of LULC and detected trend of urban pattern, the future LULC dynamic was simulated by using land transformation model (LTM) in geospatial information system (GIS) platform. Both classification and prediction stages were successfully validated using ground control points (GCPs) through accuracy assessment metric of Kappa coefficient that indicated 0.87 and 0.91 for 2002 and 2015 classification as well as 0.79 for prediction part. Detail results revealed a substantial growth in building over fifteen years that mostly replaced by agriculture and orchard field. The prediction scenario of LULC sprawl development for 2030 revealed a substantial decline in green and agriculture land as well as an extensive increment in build-up area especially at the countryside of the city without following the residential pattern standard. The proposed method helps urban decision-makers to identify the detail temporal-spatial growth pattern of highly populated cities like Karbala. Additionally, the results of this study can be considered as a probable future map in order to design enough future social services and amenities for the local inhabitants.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.557-561
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• 2014

In this work, Altair Engineering's vibroacoustic modeling approach is used to simulate the acoustic signature of a simplified automobile in a wind tunnel. The modeling approach relies on a two step procedure involving simulation and extraction of acoustic sources using a high fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation followed by propagation of the acoustic energy within the structure and passenger compartment using a structural dynamics solver. The tools necessary to complete this process are contained within Altair's HyperWorks CAE software suite. The CFD simulations are performed using AcuSolve and the structural simulations are performed using OptiStruct. This vibroacoustics simulation methodology relies on calculation of the acoustic sources from the flow solution computed by AcuSolve. The sources are based on Lighthill's analogy and are sampled directly on the acoustic mesh. Once the acoustic sources have been computed, they are transformed into the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with advanced sampling and are subsequently used in the structural acoustics model. Although this approach does require the CFD solver to have knowledge of the acoustic simulation domain a priori, it avoids modeling errors introduced by evaluation of the acoustic source terms using dissimilar meshes and numerical methods. The aforementioned modeling approach is demonstrated on the Hyundai Simplified Model (HSM) geometry in this work. This geometry contains flow features that are representative of the dominant noise sources in a typical automobile design; namely vortex shedding from the passenger compartment A-pillar and bluff body shedding from the side view mirrors. The geometry also contains a thick poroelastic material on the interior that acts to reduce the acoustic noise. This material is modeled using a Biot material formulation during the structural acoustic simulation. Successful prediction of the acoustic noise within the HSM geometry serves to validate the vibroacoustic modeling approach for automotive applications.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2018

We report the case of a 46-year-old Chinese male patient who visited our clinic complaining of infertility. Semen analysis revealed azoospermia, and azoospermia factor c region partial deletion (b1/b3) was detected using Y chromosome microdeletion analysis. Testicular sperm extraction was performed after genetic counseling. The bilateral ductus deferens and a portion of the epididymis were absent, whereas the remaining epididymis was expanded. Motile intratesticular spermatozoa were successfully extracted from the seminiferous tubule. On histopathology, nearly complete spermatogenesis was confirmed in almost every seminiferous tubule. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of b1/b3 deletion with a congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and almost normal spermatogenesis.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

This study aimed to isolate and characterize sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from Iridaea cordata and evaluate their anticancer activity. SPs of the Antarctic red seaweed were obtained by $CaCl_2$ (SP1) and ethanol precipitations (SP2) following diluted acid extraction at room temperature. Yields of SP1 and SP2 were approximately 14% and 23%, respectively, of the dry weight of red seaweed. The average molecular mass of the SP1 and SP2 was estimated about $1.84{\times}10^3$ and $1.42{\times}10^3kDa$, respectively, by size-fractionation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) analysis, the main monosaccharide was galactose with glucose and fucose as minor components. The sulfate content of SP2 (40.4%) was slightly higher than that of SP1 (33.8%). The FT-IR spectra also showed characteristic band of carrageenan-like sulfated polysaccharides. Taken together the SPs are thought to be carrageenan-like sulfated galactan. The polysaccharides (SPs) from I. cordata exhibited weak antitumor activity against PC-3 (prostate cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma). To our knowledge, this is the first data on biological activity of the Antarctic red seaweed I. cordata.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

본 논문은 사용자가 정보 욕구를 정확하게 질의어로 입력하고, 원하는 정보가 검색될 수 있도록 지원하기 위한 사용자 의도 자동추출과 이를 이용한 인텐션 맵 구축 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 동일한 검색어를 입력한 사용자들의 검색 이력 데이터를 이용하여 사용자 의도 자질을 선정하고, 클러스터링 알고리즘과 사용자 의도 추출 알고리즘을 이용하여 사용자 의도를 추출하였다. 추출된 사용자 의도는 지식표상 이론에 근거한 인텐션 맵으로 표현하였다. 제안한 인텐션 맵의 효용성 분석을 위하여 현재 국내 상용 검색엔진에서 제공받은 2,600개의 사용자 검색 이력 데이터를 이용하였다. 실험결과 인텐션 맵을 이용한 정보검색이 일반 검색엔진을 이용 할 때 보다 통계적으로 유의미한 만족도를 나타내었다.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 2003년도 추계공동학술대회
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• pp.239-250
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• 2003

In this research, we propose a hybrid group decision support mechanism (H-GDSM) based on Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Map). The AHP elicits a corresponding priority vector interpreting the preferred information among the decision makers. Corresponding vector was composed of the pairwise comparison values of a set of objects. Since pairwise comparison values are the judgments obtained from an appropriate semantic scale. However, AHP couldn't represent the causal relationship among information, which were used by decision makers. In contrast to AHP, FCM could represent the causal relationship among variables or information. Therefore, FCMs were successfully developed and used in several ill-structured domains, such as strategic decision-making, policy making, and simulations. Nonetheless, many researchers used subjective and voluntary inputs to simulate the FCM. As a result of subjective inputs, it couldn't avoid the rebukes of businessman. To overcome these limitations, we incorporated the Fuzzy membership functions, AHP and FCM into a H-GDSM. In contrast to current AHP methods and FCMs, the H-GDSM method developed herein could concurrently tackle the pairwise comparison involving causal relationships under a group decision-making environment. The strengths and contributions of our mechanism were 1) handling of qualitative knowledge and causal relationships, 2) extraction of objective input value to simulate the FCM, 3) multi-phase group decision support based on H-GDSM. To validate our proposed mechanism we developed a simple prototype system to support negotiation-based decisions in electronic commerce (EC).