• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127.2-127.2
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• 2012

Space weather prediction related to flares and CMEs is an important issue these days. It is, however, hard to estimate magnetic energy of invisible coronal magnetic structure. The virial theorem is one of the ways to determine the magnetic energy. In this study, we performed a series of MHD simulation of an emerging flux tube and apply the virial theorem to the simulation results and derive energetics of coronal structures. We then analyze real observational data on NOAA 11302 to derive the distributions of physical quantities, such as density, temperature, velocity and magnetic field. We also use knowledge form simulation analysis to estimate the magnetic energy of NOAA 11302.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.149-157
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• 2004

Residual stresses can have a significant influence on the fatigue lives of structural engineering components. For the accurate assessment of fatigue lifetimes a detailed knowledge of the residual stress profile is required. Significant advances have been made in recent years fur obtaining accurate and reliable determinations of residual stress distributions. These include both experimental and numerical methods. The purpose of this study is to simulate peening process with the help of the finite element method in order to predict the magnitude and distribution of the residual stresses in accordance with the parameters, which are, e.g. shot velocity, shot diameter, shot impact angle, shot shape, distance between two impinging shots, and material parameters.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this review was to investigate constitutional medical research on tumors and to propose information for further research. Methods The literature was investigated from Oriental medicine advanced searching integrated system, China national knowledge infrastructure, and PubMed. The searching terms were cancer, tumor, neoplasm, Sasang constitution, and so on. And studies were collected and analyzed into the three parts of distributions, treatments, and preventions. Results The distribution and type of tumors were different depending on the type of Sasang constitution. The symptoms of a tumor can occur variously in all types of diseases or patterns. Preventing tumors and cultivating health should be considered all aspects of physical, mental, and social health in the Sasang constitutional concept of securing requisite energy of minor organs. Conclusions The Sasang constitutional medicine for treating tumors should be focused on strengthening the constitutional healthy energy considering personal characteristics.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2010

This paper explains how the political elites limit peruvian politics after independence, through examining the historical origin of elites, the formation of the dominant elites and their politicization in Peru, 1824-1919. In detail, the first section of this paper examines theoretical concepts and the political economic conditions of elites. The next part explores the emergence of the dominant elite group and their politicization, which is focused on economic incentives and conditions in the Guano era. Finally, this paper suggests that peruvian elite group after independence is politically motivated by the direct control of economic resources and maximized privilege in distributions of economic benefits. Furthermore, these features provided the archetype of the Peruvian politics, such as the pre-modern oligarchy and the military intervention.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.453-485
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• 2017

One of the oldest chestnuts in economic geography is this: Cultural and creative industries strongly gather in large cities and this geographic concentration of economic activities leads to regional development. Of course, depending on the circumstances, such a proposition still holds good. But, under the current paradigm shift to knowledge-based economy, it may be open to question. This study aims to investigate financing and knowledge accumulation in the film industry through an alternative framework for explaining their spatial distributions, "formation mechanism of economic space." From the fact that their production organizations are formed on a project basis, project-based financing structure in the investment stage and knowledge accumulation process in the production stage form both axes of it. Film industry as the most mature industry among the cultural and creative industries does not always concentrate in a certain place (industrial agglomeration) or show metropolis-oriented preference. This allows us to reconsider our long brooding theory.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.377-400
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• 2016

Dropped objects are among the top ten causes of fatalities and serious injuries in the oil and gas industry (DORIS, 2016). Objects may accidentally fall down from platforms or vessels during lifting or any other offshore operation. Proper planning of lifting operations requires the knowledge of the risk-free zone on the sea bed to protect underwater structures and equipment. To this end a three-dimensional (3D) theory of dynamic motion of dropped cylindrical object is expanded to also consider ocean currents. The expanded theory is integrated into the authors' Dropped Objects Simulator (DROBS). DROBS is utilized to simulate the trajectories of dropped cylinders falling through uniform currents originating from different directions (incoming angle at $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, and $270^{\circ}$). It is found that trajectories and landing points of dropped cylinders are greatly influenced by the direction of current. The initial conditions after the cylinders have fallen into the water are treated as random variables. It is assumed that the corresponding parameters orientation angle, translational velocity, and rotational velocity follow normal distributions. The paper presents results of DROBS simulations for the case of a dropped cylinder with initial drop angle at $60^{\circ}$ through air-water columns without current. Then the Monte Carlo simulations are used for predicting the landing point distributions of dropped cylinders with varying drop angles under current. The resulting landing point distribution plots may be used to identify risk free zones for offshore lifting operations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.479-484
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• 2013

Given the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5's impact on the efficacy of drugs, the genetic backgrounds of individuals and populations are regarded as an important factor to be considered in the prescription of personalized medicine. However, genetic studies with Korean population are relatively scarce compared to those with other populations. In this study, we aimed to identify CYP3A4/5 polymorphisms and compare the genotype distributions among five ethnicities. To identify CYP3A4/5 SNPs, we first performed direct sequencing with 288 DNA samples which consisted of 96 Koreans, 48 European-Americans, 48 African-Americans, 48 Han Chinese, and 48 Japanese. The direct sequencing identified 15 novel SNPs, as well as 42 known polymorphisms. We defined the genotype distributions, and compared the allele frequencies among five ethnicities. The results showed that minor allele frequencies of Korean population were similar with those of the Japanese and Han Chinese populations, whereas there were distinct differences from European-Americans or African-Americans. Among the pharmacogenetic markers, frequencies of $CYP3A4^*1B$ (rs2740574) and $CYP3A5^*3C$ (rs776742) in Asian groups were different from those in other populations. In addition, minor allele frequency of $CYP3A4^*18$ (rs28371759) was the highest in Korean population. Additional in silico analysis predicted that two novel non-synonymous SNPs in CYP3A5 (+27256C>T, P389S and +31546T>G, I488S) could alter protein structure. The frequency distributions of the identified polymorphisms in the present study may contribute to the expansion of pharmacogenetic knowledge.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1099-1112
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• 2018

The field of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is an active area of research as cryptographers look for public-key cryptosystems that can resist quantum adversaries. Among those categories in PQC, code-based cryptosystem provides high security along with efficiency. Recent works on code-based cryptosystems focus on the side-channel resistant implementation since previous works have indicated the possible side-channel vulnerabilities on existing algorithms. In this paper, we recovered the secret key in HyMES(Hybrid McEliece Scheme) using a single power consumption trace. HyMES is a variant of McEliece cryptosystem that provides smaller keys and faster encryption and decryption speed. During the decryption, the algorithm computes the parity-check matrix which is required when computing the syndrome. We analyzed HyMES using the fact that the joint distributions of nonlinear functions used in this process depend on the secret key. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to propose the side-channel analysis based on joint distributions of leakages on public-key cryptosystem.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

We have performed a systematic study of interstellar dust grains in various environments of galaxies. AKARI has revealed the detailed properties of dust grains not only in star-forming regions but also in regions not relevant to star formation, some of which are found not to follow our old empirical knowledge. Because of its unique capabilities, AKARI has provided new knowledge on the processing of large grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For example, we detect PAHs from elliptical galaxies, which show unusual spectral features and spatial distributions, demonstrating importance of material processing in the interstellar space. We find that copious amounts of large grains and PAHs are flowing out of starburst galaxies by galactic superwinds, which are being shattered and destroyed in galactic haloes. We discover evidence for graphitization of carbonaceous grains near the center of our Galaxy, providing a clue to understanding the activity of the Galactic center. We review the results obtained from our AKARI program, focusing on the processing of carbonaceous grains in various environments of galaxies.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 2002

Health industry, a knowledge based high value-added industry, is being considered as a strategic area for the 21C and many advanced countries are making every endeavors for the promotion of health industry along with information technology, new materials, and mechatronics. Korean health industry, however, has been excluded from the governmental supports as well as bound by strict regulation so far, and there is a significant gap in technology compared with advanced countries. In 21C, technology is the main factor of national competitiveness and that is why the role of R&D institutes are so important in the high level of competition to cope with the technology protection policies of advanced countries. In this article, with Directory of Korean R&D Institutes published by Korea Industry Technology Association, I reviewed the trends of R&D institute of health industry. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows. The portion of health industry R&D institute is 3.6% of total R&D institute but the amount of R&D investment is over than 5% This means health industry are knowledge based and R&D intensified industry, meanwhile the variations of same industry R&D institutes of health industry is huge in R&D investments and other activities. Regional distributions of health industry institutes show some kind of different patterns in each industry areas. Medical devices and Medical informatics's preference of metropolitan region are distinguished with other industry areas. Many of the institutes are located in same site of it's company rather than operating separate building for R&D specific uses. It is better for transforming ideas to products and close cooperation of research body with product lines, but it is a handicap for networking and communicating with other research institutions too. It takes 18.4yrs for bearing R&D institute on the average. For a long times 'copy products' or 'me too products' policies were easy way to maintain business entities. But recently, it is recognized that research activities are essential component of sustaining it's own business firms. This means technology itself is leading power of corporation itself in the high level of competition.