• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2012

With the smart grid coming near, wide-area supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) becomes more and more important. However, traditional SCADA systems are not suitable for the openness and distribution requirements of smart grid. Distributed SCADA services should be openly composable and secure. Event-driven methodology makes service collaborations more real-time and flexible because of the space, time and control decoupling of event producer and consumer, which gives us an appropriate foundation. Our SCADA services are constructed and integrated based on distributed events in this paper. Unfortunately, an event-driven SCADA service does not know who consumes its events, and consumers do not know who produces the events either. In this environment, a SCADA service cannot directly control access because of anonymous and multicast interactions. In this paper, a distributed security framework is proposed to protect not only service operations but also data contents in smart grid environments. Finally, a security implementation scheme is given for SCADA services.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2005

This study is a preliminary investigation of the nature of discourse marker acquisition in Korean American speakers of English. Discourse markers are of interest because they are not an aspect of language taught through formal instruction either to native or non-native speakers. Therefore, discourse marker use serves as indirect evidence of face-to-face interaction with native speakers and an indicator of integration. In this light, the present study examines the presence of discourse markers in Korean Americans. The markers chosen for analysis were you know, like, and I mean. The data consist of spontaneous speech elicited from interviews. Sociolinguistic variables such as age, sex, and generation (i.e., $1^{st}$, 1.5, $2^{nd}$) were examined. Results show that there appears to be interaction between the variables and discourse marker use. While all speakers showed variable acquisition of markers, younger, female, and 1.5 generation speakers were found to use discourse markers more than other speakers. Although discourse marker use is optional and thus not a linguistic feature that must be necessarily acquired, it is clear that use is pervasive and acquired differentially by English speakers irrespective of whether they are native or not.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2005

It is important to know phase offsets of PN(Pseudo Noise) sequences in spread spectrum communications since the acquisition is equivalent to making a phase offset between a receiving PN sequence and a PN sequence of local PN generator be identical. In this paper, a phase offset enumeration method for PN sequences with error detection, and its application to the synchronization are proposed. The phase offset enumeration for an n-tuple PN sequence and its error detection are performed when one period of the sequence is received. Once the phase offset of the receiving sequence is calculated, we can easily accomplish the synchronization by initializing shift registers of a local PN generator according to the phase offset value. The mean acquisition time performance of the proposed scheme was derived analytically. Since this synchronization scheme can be realized by using simple circuit and acquires very rapid acquisition in high SNR but shows performance degradation in low SNR, it can be especially useful in indoor and office environments.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-49
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• 1985

본 연구의 목적은 수작업으로 하는 수서업무의 문제해결을 위해 전산화시스템을 설계하여 수행하므로서, 도서관에서 좀 더 향상된 서비스 제공을 하기 위함이고, 아울러 도서관 전산화를 계획하고 있는 도서관 경영자 및 실무자에게 도움을 주고자 하는 것이다. 전산화시스템에서는 온라인 처리를 전제로 데이터 파일 및 서브시스템을 설계하였으며, 동 전산화시스템으로 부터 얻은 결과가 제시되었다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

국방개혁과 안보환경의 변화, 저출산으로 인한 병역자원 부족 등으로 우리도 병역체계 변화를 준비해야 할 시기가 도래하고 있다. 이에 선진국의 병역체계를 연구하여 우리의 실정에 맞는 제도를 갖춰 나가는 것이 바람직한 방법이다. 미 육군의 경우는 통합된 입대절차를 보장하기 위해 교육사 예하에 입대사령부를 창설하였으며, 그 예하에 모병사령부, 후보생사령부, 육군훈련소를 두고 있으며, 한국 육군은 인사사령부를 창설하여 현행 인사관리와 병력 획득업무를 총괄하고 있다. 한국도 미국이 시행착오를 범하면서 지나온 과정을 겪고 있다. 현재 우리는 사회적 정치적 이슈의 변화와 신세대의 요구 등에서 모병환경이 변하고 있다. 최근의 변화요소들 중에 모병에 유리할 것은 청년인구와 젊은이들이 공무원이나 안정된 직업을 원하고 있다는 것과 실업률 증가, 대학 학기상승과 관련한 재정적인 부담, 아프가니스탄 및 이라크 등 전쟁관련 국민의 관심 증대, 다양한 군복무 지원정책의 개발 등이 있다. 미 육군의 모병업무는 기본적으로 경영학적 모델을 연구하여 적용하고 있으며, 모병 홍보전략을 풍부한 재정적 뒷받침 하에 수립하고, 연방정부로부터 각종 통계자료와 D/B를 제공받아 활용하면서 많은 대학, 연구소들과 연계된 프로그램을 개발하고 타군과도 긴밀히 관계를 유지하며 적극적으로 모병업무를 수행하고 있다. 우리도 과학적인 체계를 구축하여 통합된 모병을 해야하는 시점에 와 있다.

• 인지과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2003

The present study, focusing on the stress-shift constructions, examines the tendency of young children to give wrong wide scope interpretation in language acquisition and questions the validity of the guess pattern hypothesis argued by Grodzinsky & Reinhart (1993). According to the hypothesis, children know that they have to construct a reference-set, keep two representations in working memory, and check whether the interpretation needed in the given context justifies selection of competing reference sets, but their working memory is not big enough to hold the materials needed to complete the execution of this task. Hence they give up and resort to a guess. 1 carried out an experiment of 16 Korean children aged 3;9 to 6;2 to find out whether children have more difficulty in the interpretation of stress-shift constructions than of constructions with a nuclear stress, and therefore perform the interpretation of the former by guessing. Assuming that the tendency is caused by a deficiency in contextual computation rather than reference set computation, I try to explain it in terms of pragmatic considerations.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.81-110
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• 2002

The temporary tax deduction on investment cutting the corporate income tax within 10% of the amount of investment is aimed at stimulating the investment for economic activity. 25 business sectors are applied to this tax law and in tourism, the accommodation registered by tour promotion law and international convention plan business belong to it. I'd like to mention the problem of the temporary tax deduction on investment amount for hotels and suggest better solutions. This tax law is so temporary applied that we shouldn't get tax deduction after June 30, 2002. So, we can't get income tax deduction on the investment out of the available period. And further more this tax law has a rule not real investment but solely new project investment for hotels. There are numbers of difference between real investment and new project investment. The amount of investment is based on an object of acquisition taxation. And also there are numbers of difference between real investment and an object of acquisition taxation. For example, landscape construction is a great part of hotel construction but it's not an object of acquisition taxation. For running hotel business, we also need lots of equipments such as linens utensils for restaurant and decorations for hotel interior. But these are also excluded from this tax law. As you know, these equipments can be regarded as product equipments in manufacture industry. Therefore we should take the specificity of hotel investment into consideration and expand the role of the temporary income tax deduction on investment amount for hotels.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2000

In recent year, many imaging systems have been developed, and it became increasingly important to exchange image data through the computer network. Therefore, it is required to reproduce color image independently on each imaging device. However, even if the image are same, perceived color is not always same under different viewing conditions. On the other hand, even if the image are different, we want to perceive same color under different viewing conditions. Therefore we must know the spectral reflectance information of object. We measured many reflectance human skin can be estimate using only three principal component. For Munsell color patches, five principle components were necessary to estimate the reflectance spectra. For that purpose, we have developed color image acquisition system that is composed of five band filters and CCD camera. Improved spectral reflectance of object is predicted by five band images taken by color image acquisition system and then we take account of camera's noise and component of object image for predicting accurate spectral reflectance of object. In the results, we confirmed that color difference and MSE(Mean Square Error) between measured and predicted spectral reflectance of object decreased into 0.0071 and 7.72 respectively.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 SGR(software-based Global Positioning System receiver)에서 GPS(Global Positioning System)의 자료처리과정을 분석하기 위해서, GPS 신호의 수신방법을 심도있게 분석했다. 그리고 이 처리과정을 Matlab를 사용해서 모의실험을 했다. 실험결과, 이 분석방법의 타당성을 찾을 수 있었고, 이 실험은 실제 환경조건에서와 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또 SGR의 성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 수신기의 성능을 향상시켜야 한다는 사실을 확인 할 수 있었는데, 동조되는 최적의 주파수는 수십 Hertz내에서 위상을 비교해서 찾을 수 있었다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-91
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• 2010

Present study examines L1 transfer effect and UG involvement in the acquisition of binding properties of Korean as second language (L2). The study especially investigates i) whether knowledge from different L1s (English and Chinese) affect the interpretation of binding in Korean as L2 and ii) whether L2 learners of Korean differentiate two Korean anaphors like Korean monolinguals do, based on their knowledge of universal form-function correlation of anaphors. 53 post-puberty L2 learners of Korean with English or Chinese L1, together with 30 Korean monolinguals, were tested over Truth Value Judgment Task with stories, composed of Korean sentences representing various types of binding with two Korean reflexives - caki and caki-casin. The results showed some effect of L1 transfer, though not always. Overall, late L2 learners of Korean seem to know the difference between the two anaphors in their properties related to form-function correlation, though their performance level was lower compared to Korean monolinguals. Detailed pattern of the results and the role of UG in the interpretations of Korean reflexives are also discussed.