• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.272-283
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• 2018

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita caused a serious damage to many plants. The phenolic components of the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius were investigated as potential nematicidal agents for M. incognita. Nine compounds were isolated and characterized as viz., 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose (1), kaempferol-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnoside (Afzelin) (2), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnoside (Quercetrin) (3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnoside (Myricetrin) (5), methylgallate (6), protocatechuic acid (7), quercetin (8), and gallic acid (9) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compound 1 showed pronounced nematicidal activity compared to Oxamyl as a positive control. It showed the lowest eggs-hatchability (34%) and the highest mortality in nematode population (21% after 72 hours of treatment) at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. It exhibited the best suppressed total nematode population, root galling and number of eggmasses in infected tomato plants. The total carbohydrates and proteins were also significantly induced by 1 with reduction in total phenolics and increase in defense-related proteins. Thus, compound 1 could be a promising, more safe and effective natural nematicidal agent for the control of root-knot nematodes.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2012

The monofilament with 0.304mm of diameter was produced using a polybutylene succinate (PBS) resin, and a gill net was made by it. We investigated the impact of heat setting temperature on the mechanical properties, knot state and height of gill net. Heat treatment was carried out using the high pressure steam machine for 20 minutes at temperature of $55^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$ and $75^{\circ}C$. Before heat treatment, the strength and elongation of PBS monofilament were estimated to be $48.1kg/mm^2$, 23.8% at unknot, $37.6kg/mm^2$, 18.8% at single knot, $26.6kg/mm^2$, 22.9% at double knot in dry condition, respectively. The strength and elongation of PBS monofilament with double knot were decreased as heat setting temperature increased, and the decreasing rate of strength was showed to be higher than that of elongation. It was not found any differences in strength and elongation of PBS monofilament yarn with double knot at the $65^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ of heat setting temperature by 5% significance of T-test, but there was a significant difference at the $70^{\circ}C$ and $75^{\circ}C$ of heat setting temperature. The net's height and length from leg to leg appeared no differences at the $70^{\circ}C$ and $75^{\circ}C$ of heat setting temperature. In results, it was investigated that the PBS monofilament gill net with the maximized physical properties could be manufactured at $70^{\circ}C$ of heat setting temperature using a high pressure steam machine for 20 minutes.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2017

Given a pair p, q of relative prime positive integers, we have uniquely determined positive integers x, y, u and v such that vx-uy = 1, p = x + y and q = u + v. Using this property, we show that$${\sum\limits_{1{\leq}i{\leq}x,1{\leq}j{\leq}v}}\;{t^{(i-1)q+(j-1)p}\;-\;{\sum\limits_{1{\leq}k{\leq}y,1{\leq}l{\leq}u}}\;t^{1+(k-1)q+(l-1)p}$$ is the Alexander polynomial ${\Delta}_{p,q}(t)$ of a torus knot t(p, q). Hence the number $N_{p,q}$ of non-zero terms of ${\Delta}_{p,q}(t)$ is equal to vx + uy = 2vx - 1. Owing to well known results in knot Floer homology theory, our expanding formula of the Alexander polynomial of a torus knot provides a method of algorithmically determining the total rank of its knot Floer homology or equivalently the complexity of its (1,1)-diagram. In particular we prove (see Corollary 2.8); Let q be a positive integer> 1 and let k be a positive integer. Then we have $$\begin{array}{rccl}(1)&N_{kq}+1,q&=&2k(q-1)+1\\(2)&N_{kq}+q-1,q&=&2(k+1)(q-1)-1\\(3)&N_{kq}+2,q&=&{\frac{1}{2}}k(q^2-1)+q\\(4)&N_{kq}+q-2,q&=&{\frac{1}{2}}(k+1)(q^2-1)-q\end{array}$$ where we further assume q is odd in formula (3) and (4). Consequently we confirm that the complexities of (1,1)-diagrams of torus knots of type t(kq + 2, q) and t(kq + q - 2, q) in [5] agree with $N_{kq+2,q}$ and $N_{kq+q-2,q}$ respectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2013

Background Buried non-incisional double-eyelid blepharoplasty is a popular aesthetic procedure. Although various modified continuous suture techniques have been used to create a more natural appearance and to reduce downtime, complications such as loosening of the double fold, asymmetry, and foreign body reactions have been observed. Methods This study included 250 patients who underwent double-eyelid blepharoplasty between March 1997 and November 2012 using a modified single-knot continuous buried non-incisional technique. With 4 stab incisions in the upper eyelids, one of two needles loaded with double-armed 7-0 nylon was passed in one direction alternately through the dermis and the conjunctiva, while the other needle was passed subconjunctivally in the opposite direction. Both ends of the sutures were knotted within a lateral stab incision of the upper eyelids and were buried in the orbicularis oculi muscle. Results Most patients displayed satisfactory aesthetic results, and no significant complications occurred. There was no obvious regression of the double fold; however, 3 patients required reoperation to correct loosening of the fold on one side during the follow-up period. One patient presented with the suture knot subcutaneously, and the knot was removed in the clinic. Conclusions The modified single-knot continuous buried non-incisional technique is a simple and less time-consuming method for a durable double fold and provides satisfactory aesthetic results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2009

Purpose: Stitching out in facial simple laceration on children, we use No.11 blade. But the procedure is technically demanded to take care of the uncooperative pediatric patient. When we suture a laceration on the pediatric patient, we apply this method using ribbon shaped knot. On stitching out, We pull one the edge of a stitching fiber easily without injury about normal tissue. Methods: We studied 54 pediatric patients who have facial lacerations for children under six years old, from May, 2006 to December, 2007 in Plastic Surgery department, emergency room. Among them 35 were male, 19 were female and age average was 3.9. Results: For following up dressing, ribbon shaped knot did not get loose. After stitching out in facial laceration on children, Major complication of infection, hematoma, dehiscence was not found. Conclusion: The advantage of this operation method using ribbon shaped knot when we Stitch out the fiber on the incorporative pediatric patients, is easy to perform and to reduce the stitching time, without sedation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.960-966
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• 2022

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert antagonistic activity against root-knot nematodes, mainly by producing organic acids via carbohydrate fermentation. However, they have not yet been used for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) control owing to a lack of economic feasibility and effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to isolate organic acid-producing LAB from kimchi (Korean traditional fermented cabbage) and evaluated their nematicidal activity. Among the 234 strains isolated, those showing the highest nematicidal activity were selected and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WiKim0090. Nematicidal activity and egg hatch inhibitory activity of WiKim0090 culture filtrate were dose dependent. Nematode mortality 3 days after treatment with 2.5% of the culture filtrate was 100%, with a 50% lethal concentration of 1.41%. In pot tests, the inhibitory activity of an L. plantarum WiKim0090-copper sulfate mixture on gall formation increased. Compared to abamectin application, which is a commercial nematicide, a higher control value was observed using the WiKim0090-copper sulfate mixture, indicating that this combination can be effective in controlling the root-knot nematode.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2003

간벌이 국산 잣나무 조림목의 용재품질에 미치는 영향을 구명함으로써 잣나무 인공조림목의 양질재 생산과 효율적 이용을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행된 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 강도의 간벌을 실시한 곳에서는 원목의 단위 m당 표면옹이 출현수가 감소하였고, 죽은 옹이의 비율도 감소하였으나 옹이의 크기는 커졌으며, 옹이의 상향각은 죽은옹이가 산옹이보다 컸다. 굽은 원목은 간벌을 하지 않은 곳보다 강도간벌을 실시한 곳에서 적게 출현하였고, 원주형질률은 강도간벌을 실시한 곳에서 높게 나타났으며 지상고 3.2 m 이하 부위의 원목에서 더욱 향상되었다. 무결점재면률은 무간벌구에 비해 강도간벌구에서 향상되었으며, 원목품등은 간벌을 강하게 실시한 경우일수록 높게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 1990

The work reported here aims to assess how Knots, Calidris canutus, accumulate rapidly large energy and nutrient reserve at Red Car in England. Most of Knots in England belong to long billed, long winged population compare with subspecies in Korea. The rate of prey intake of Knot increases as a nearest neighbour distance decreases. Foraging rate and vigilance rate increases as flock size decreases. The calorific value of each sized of Common Mussel Mytilus edulis, main food species of Knot, are almost same each other but the calorific content of each size Mussels are quite different each other. The rate of daily energy intake of Knots have been estimated from 192 kcal to 270 kcal.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

Flow characteristics of a free-horizontal-axis-turbine (FHAT) current power generation system have been investigated by the use of a volumetric PTV. Three types of FHAT system (S50, SE50, S65) have been tested under the current speed 1.35 knot, 1.5 knot and 2 knot. The width of the blade installed around the body is 50 mm. Based upon the power generation characteristics of the FHAT, the flow features of the blade have been investigated. Among the three models it has been verified that the S65 is the most appropriate for power generations.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1305-1321
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• 2015

We dene new link invariants which are called the quasitoric braid index and the cyclic length of a link and show that the quasitoric braid index of link with k components is the product of k and the cycle length of link. Also, we give bounds of Gordian distance between the (p,q)-torus knot and the closure of a braid of two specific quasitoric braids which are called an alternating quasitoric braid and a blockwise alternating quasitoric braid. We give a method of modication which makes a quasitoric presentation from its braid presentation for a knot with braid index 3. By using a quasitoric presentation of $10_{139}$ and $10_{124}$, we can prove that $u(10_{139})=4$ and $d^{\times}(10_{124},K(3,13))=8$.