• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1190-1193
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of identifying joint damping property through commercially available isokinetic ergometer (BIODEX). The proposed method is to estimate the damping torque of the knee joint from the difference between the external joint torque for maintaining isokinetic movement and the gravity torque of the lower leg. The damping torque was estimated at various joint angular velocities, from which the damping property would be derived. Measurement setup was composed of the BIODEX system with an external force sensor and Labview system. Matlab was used in the analysis of the damping property. The experimental result showed that the small variation in angular velocity due to acceleration and deceleration of the crank arm resulted in greater change of inertial torque than the damping torque, so that the estimation of damping property from the isokinetic movement is difficult.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.1427-1433
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• 2011

This study describes a conductive fabric sensor and determines an optimum excitation frequency of the sensor to evaluate knee joint movements. Subjects were composed of 15 males (age: $30.7{\pm}5.3$) with no known problems with their knee joints. The upper side of subjects' lower limbs was divided into two areas and the lower side of subjects' lower limbs was divided into three areas. The sensors were attached to 1 for 3 spot from a hip joint and to 3 for 4 spot from a knee joint which are the optimum conductive fabric sensor configuration to evaluate knee joint movements. As a result, the optimum excitation frequency for evaluating knee joint movements using conductive fabric sensors was 25 kHz. Average and standard deviation of bio-impedance changes from 15 subjects were $92.1{\pm}137.2{\Omega}$ at 25 kHz. The difference of bio-impedance changes between 25 kHz and 50 kHz was statistically significant (p<0.05) and the difference of bio-impedance changes between 25 kHz and 100 kHz was also statistically significant (p<0.001). These results showed that conductive fabric sensors are more sensitive to measure bio-impedance for evaluating knee joint movements as an excitation frequency decreases.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of injuries and the types of movement related to damage by body parts, and to prepare for prevention of injuries and development of a training program. Method: For this study, the experiment was conducted according to levels of 60 percentages (ST) and 85 percentages (MA) and 10 subjects from the Korean elite national weightlifting team were included. Furthermore, we analyzed joint moment and muscle activation pattern with three-dimensional video analysis. Ground reaction force and EMG analyses were performed to measure the factors related to injuries and motion. Results: Knee reinjuries such as anterior cruciate ligament damage caused by deterioration of the control ability for the forward movement function of the tibia based on the movement of the biceps femoris when the rectus femoris is activated with the powerful last-pull movement. In particular, athletes with previous or current injuries should perceive a careful contiguity of the ratio of the biceps femoris to the rectus femoris. This shows that athletes can exert five times greater force than the injury threshold in contrast to the inversion moment of the ankle, which is actively performed for a powerful last pull motion and is positively considered in terms of intentional motion. It is activated by excessive adduction and internal rotation moment to avoid excessive abduction and external rotation of the knee at lockout motion. It is an injury risk to muscles and ligaments, causing large adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the knee. Adduction moment in the elbow joint increased to higher than the injury threshold at ST (60% level) in the lockout phase. Hence, all athletes are indicated to be at a high risk of injury of the elbow adductor muscle. Lockout motion is similar to the "high five" posture, and repetitive training in this motion increases the likelihood of injuries because of occurrence of strong internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder. Training volume of lockout motion has to be considered when developing a training program. Conclusion: The important factors related to injury at snatch include B/R rate, muscles to activate the adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the elbow joint in the lockout phase, and muscles to activate the internal rotation moment at the shoulder joint in the lockout phase.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.228-234
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• 2015

The balance ability significantly decreased in the elderly because of deterioration of the neural musculature regulatory mechanisms. Several studies have investigated methods of improving balance ability using real-time systems, but it is limited by the expensive test equipment and specialized resources. Recently, Kinect system based on depth data has been applied to address these limitations. Little information about accuracy/inaccuracy of Kinect system is, however, available, particular in motion analysis for evaluation of effectiveness in rehabilitation training. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate accuracy/inaccuracy of Kinect system in specific rotational movement for balance rehabilitation training. Six healthy male adults with no musculoskeletal disorder were selected to participate in the experiment. Movements of the participants were induced by controlling the base plane of the balance training equipment in directions of AP (anterior-posterior), ML (medial-lateral), right and left diagonal direction. The dynamic motions of the subjects were measured using two Kinect depth sensor systems and a three-dimensional motion capture system with eight infrared cameras for comparative evaluation. The results of the error rate for hip and knee joint alteration of Kinect system comparison with infrared camera based motion capture system occurred smaller values in the ML direction (Hip joint: 10.9~57.3%, Knee joint: 26.0~74.8%). Therefore, the accuracy of Kinect system for measuring balance rehabilitation traning could improve by using adapted algorithm which is based on hip joint movement in medial-lateral direction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine spiral way movement of a trunk exerts on the movement ability. The details established to achieve for this article. This examination confirmed the weight, weight/height2 index, ratio of lumbar to pelvic, musculoskeletal quantity, push up for 2 minute, pitch a ball and voluntary isometric contraction with flexion and extension of knee joint of the subjects with spiral direct movement. Healthy eighteen subjects who understand fully the significance of procedure, consented to a plan, without neuromuscular disease were participated in two groups of experiment. The group were a spiral movement(9), rectilinear movement(9). Trunk movement tested 2 sessions of a spiral movement and rectilinear movement with a push up for 2 minute, 5days per a week, for the 4 weeks. This experiment tested 3 times with a sufficient rest for fatigue limitation. An analysis of the results used a paired samples t-test for difference from before and after experiment. The following results were obtained; At an internal change of the body, the musculoskeletal quantity was increased significantly to spiral movement group, but the weight was increased significantly, the musculoskeletal quantity was not significant to rectilinear movement. The movement ability evaluation for a external change was increased significantly in a push up for 2 minute, pitch a ball, isometric contraction with extension of knee joint of a spiral movement group, but a push up for 2 minute was increased significantly in a push up for 2 minute on the abdominal muscle training of a rectilinear movement group. As compared with a rectilinear movement, a spiral movement was more effect by cooperation with nerve and musculoskeletal system and an increase in movement ability was caused by learning acknowledgment, muscular reeducation. These results lead us to the conclusion that a spiral movement of trunk was more effect than a rectilinear movement, the coordination of nerve and musculoskeletal system was of importance of Multi-direction movement. Therefore, A further studies concerning the therapeutic exercise intervention and active-dynamic analysis could enhance the development of the most effect on the trunk.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2021

Purpose: This study applies the ICF to identify the patient's body function, structure, and participation, evaluates the patient's environmental factors and individual factors, and is a high level of movement to return to the society of patients with multiple ligament injury of the knee joint. Methods: Progressive strength training and ROM exercise were performed 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 6 weeks. The evaluation was performed by examining the ROM, length, MMT, instability, dynamic balance, pain and depression. Results: The ROM of the knee joint was improved from 110° to 135° after intervention, and the knee flexion length decreased from 69 cm to 45 cm. Knee flexor is Good after intervention from Poor-, and knee extensor is Good+ after intervention from Poor, and the plantar flexor of the ankle joint improved from Poor- before intervention to Good after intervention and dorsi-flexor of the ankle joint improve to Good from Poor. Pain index was moderate before and after the intervention, with a score of 3, 2 after the intervention, and when maintaining the sitting cross-legged, the before intervention score was 7 to 4 after the intervention. Conclusion: The patient's posture of sitting cross-legged was maintained from 30 seconds before intervention to 14 minutes after intervention. These results were able to set the hypothesis design, intervention method and goal that the multifaceted approach of environment and individual factors as well as body function and structure area, activity and participation area using ICF checklists, it is helped the patient to return to daily life.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.45-46
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• 1995

Hip articulation fusion is to relieve hip pain from pathologic joint problem. The questionnaire is followed by hip articulation fusion surgery in order to evaluate the degree of pain, function, mobility. However, this subjective evaluation is controversial. The patient endurance of pain which affect function and mobility of lower extremity call not assess objectively. Therefore, gait analysis is necessary for objective evaluation. This study is to evaluate objectively function and mobility after hip articulation fusion surgery using gait analysis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop protective clothing that could alleviate fall impacts. Fall impact protection pants for elderly women were designed, and motion adaptable hip pads and knee pads printed by 3D printing were integrated into the pants and evaluated. First, the design of the fall impact protection pants with variable motion was semi-loose fitting pants that could be worn and detached from the protective pad. A pad pocket was made in the lining inside the pants so that the protective pad could be fixed to the protective area. Second, in the evaluation of the appearance of the fall impact protection pants, the wearer group had a good score of 4.60 or higher for all questions on color, material, ease, and fit. In the evaluation of the insertion method of the protective pad, the flexibility of the pad, and the weight of the pad, the subjects' scores were 4.30~4.80. The fit of the fall impact protection pants was excellent in the texture and elasticity of the outside and inside of the pants. There was no discomfort due to the pad(4.60), and no difficulty in movement during wearing activities was reported. During squatting, it was evaluated as 4.80, indicating that the motion adaptable hip joint and knee pads were highly effective during operation.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.