• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the lower extremity muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. Surface electromyography from selected lower extremity muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system (LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine muscle ratio. Results : The biceps femoris of all bridging exercises showed significantly(p<.05). The vastus medialis and lateralis of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted $120^{\circ}$(p<.05). The rectus femoris of all bridging exercises showed no significant. Median of vastus medialis/rectus femoris ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 2.03, $90^{\circ}$ was 2.16, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.67, $45^{\circ}$ was 4.10. Median of vastus lateralis/rectus femoris ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 1.70, $90^{\circ}$ was 1.70, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.08, $45^{\circ}$ was 2.58. Median of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 1.26, $90^{\circ}$ was 1.50, $60^{\circ}$ was 1.52, $45^{\circ}$ was 1.47. Conclusion : Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made increase biceps femoris and vastus medialis activation. This result will be use knee joint stabilizing exercises during bridging or unstable surface training and biceps femoris strength training.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to find out how changes in knee angles in stable and unstable support surfaces affect the muscle thickness of core muscles. Methods: The subjects of this study were 25 male adult. Each knee angle of 120, 90 and 60 degrees, they were performed bridge exercise on the stabilized surface and on the unstable support surface using TOGU, and measured the muscle thickness of the external and internal oblique muscle and the abdominal muscles through ultrasound images. Results: There was no significant difference between the thickness of the rectus abdominis and the internal oblique muscle depending on the support surface and the knee joint bending angles. However, there was a significant difference between the external oblique muscle and the transverse abdominis muscle by knee joint flexion angle. Conclusion: While the muscle thickness of the core muscle was not significantly affected by each support surface during the bridge exercise, there were significant changes in the core muscle as a result of changes in knee angle.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $0^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $90^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

목적: 슬관절의 신전 또는 굴곡 시 슬와 동맥의 위치 변화를 확인하고 슬관절의 후방 관절낭 유리술을 시행 후의 슬와 동맥의 위치 변화를 측정하여 슬관절 수술 시 슬와 동맥의 손상을 최소화 할 수 있는 자세 및 후방 관절낭 유리술의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 중년의 남성 및 여성, 총 2구의 신선 동결 전신 사체로서, 모두 4례의 슬관절을 대상으로 하였다. 슬관절을 0도, 30도, 60도, 90도 각도로 굴곡하여, 각각의 각도에서 관절면 및 관절면으로부터 원위 1 cm 및 2 cm에서 경골 후방 피질골로 부터 슬와 동맥과의 거리를 측정하였다. 관절경을 이용하여 후방 관절낭 유리술을 시행하였고, 같은 방법으로 경골 후방 피질골로부터 슬와 동맥과의 거리를 측정하였다. 결과: 슬와 동맥에서 후방 경골 피질까지의 거리는 관절면, 관절면 원위 1 cm, 관절면 원위 2 cm에서 0도 굴곡 시 평균 6.3 mm (4.5~7), 4.6 mm (3.6~6), 4.9 mm (3.9~5.8), 30도 굴곡 시 평균 7.4 mm (5.2~9), 4.9 mm (3.6~7.2), 5.3 mm (3.8~6.6), 60도 굴곡 시 평균 8.7 mm (5.4~11), 5.2 mm (4.9~7.3), 6.2 mm (5.4~9.6), 90도 굴곡 시 9.8 mm (5.8~12.1), 5.5 mm (5.1~7.4), 6.5 mm (5.4~10.7) 이었다. 후방 관절낭 유리술 시행 후에는 관절면, 관절면 원위 1 cm, 관절면 원위 2 cm에서 0도 굴곡 시 6.5 mm (5.5~7.5), 5.8 mm (3.9~7.2), 5.2 mm (3.8~7.0), 30도 굴곡 시 7.7 mm (5.5~9,1), 7.1 mm (4.6~7.6), 5.5 mm (4.1~6.9), 60도 굴곡 시 8.9 mm (5.7~11.2), 8.5 mm (5.5~9.2), 6.4 mm (5.3~10.1), 90도 굴곡 시 10.2 mm (6.3~13.6), 9.5 mm (6.5~11), 6.6 mm (5.9~9.8)로 측정되었다. 결론: 슬관절을 굴곡시킬수록 슬관절 관절면에서 관절면 원위 2 cm 사이에서는 경골 후방 피질골과 슬와 동맥 사이의 거리를 증가되어 슬관절 수술시 슬와 동맥 손상을 줄일 수 있다. 또한 후방 관절낭 유리술을 시행하게 되면 경골 후방 피질골과 슬와 동맥 사이의 거리를 더 증가시켜 슬와 동맥 손상을 보다 더 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to compare muscle activities in the right leg during squatting on an angle-adjustable inclined wooden plate at three different angles. Methods: The subjects were 19 healthy adult men and women. An angle-adjustable inclined wooden plate was used for the experiment, and the subjects performed squatting at three adjusted angles of $0^{\circ}$ ankle angle, $10^{\circ}$ ankle flexion, and $10^{\circ}$ plantar flexion. Squatting was randomly performed without a sequence. The knee angle was set at $45^{\circ}$, and a goniometer was used to measure the angles accurately. Electromyography was employed to measure and compare muscle activity in the right leg in each condition. The measured data were converted to root mean square values to calculate the muscle activities. Results: This study showed no statistically significant difference at a $0^{\circ}$ ankle angle, but a statistically significant difference was found in the vastus medialis at $10^{\circ}$ of ankle flexion. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed in the vastus medialis and lateralis at $10^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion. Conclusion: This study showed a statistically significant difference in the vastus medialis at $10^{\circ}$ of ankle flexion and statistically significant differences in the vastus medialis and lateralis at $10^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion. Therefore, it may be effective to perform squatting at $10^{\circ}$ of ankle flexion when intending to selectively strengthen the vastus medialis and at $10^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion when intending to strengthen both the vastus medialis and lateralis.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the trunk muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system(LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine local/global muscle ratio. Results : The internal oblique of bridging exercises $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ showed significantly(p<.05). The erctor spinae of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted between $60^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$(p<.05). Median of internal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 4.41, $90^{\circ}$ was 3.94, $60^{\circ}$ was 3.58, $45^{\circ}$ was 3.39. Median of internal oblique/external oblique ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 2.66, $90^{\circ}$ was 2.43, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.87, $45^{\circ}$ was 2.64. Conclusion : Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made erector spinae activation increase. on the other hand, as decreasing abdomen muscle activation, the more performing motor learning is required for abdomen muscle strength and co-contraction for the trunk stabilization.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of squat training on an unstable support surface with different knee flexion angles on the balance ability of normal adults balance ability. Methods: 41 university students in their 20s attending N University in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do were divided into a 45-degree knee-bending squat training group and a 90-degree knee-bending squat training group. The groups trained on an unstable support surface 20 minutes per day, 3 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Results: Changes in static balance ability were not significant within and between the groups for both the sway distance and sway area in the eyes open and eyes closed states (p<.05). The changes in dynamic balance ability were significant in the forward, leftward, and rightward angles in both groups at the limit of stability (p<.05), but not significant in the backward angle (p>.05), and the comparison between groups was not significant (p>.05). Conclusion: No significant difference between static balance-related variables within and between the groups was found. Significant changes in dynamic balance-related variables within the groups were found but not between the groups. Therefore, in future studies, it is considered necessary to study various ages and differentiated intervention periods, such as young adults and the population of elderly people, with sufficient intervention periods to affect balance ability.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

본 연구는 축구 인스텝 킥에서 지지 다리의 후족각과 차는 다리의 해부학적 회전 운동의 자료들을 분석해서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 발목 관절에서의 외반각은 지지발의 접지 이전에 최대 피크에 도달했으며, 저측 굴곡은 그룹 간 최대 피크의 타이밍에서 약간의 차이가 나타났다. 지지발의 접지 시 후족의 굴곡각은 그룹 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 났으며, 지지발의 접지 시 하퇴의 운동은 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 접지 이전에 이미 하퇴를 후방으로 많이 기울였으며, 임팩트 순간 하퇴의 좌우 기울기는 22도였다. 차는 다리 고관절의 굴곡/신전은 지지발의 접지 시 최대 피크에 이르렀으며, 이 순간 고관절의 최대 신전각은 30도 이상으로 나타났다. 차는 다리 무릎 관절의 굴곡각은 접지와 임팩트의 사이에 최대로 굽혔으며, 족관절의 최대 저측 굴곡각과 최대 외번각은 그룹 간 유의한 차이는 나지 않은 반면, 최대 외측 회전각은 유의한 차이가 났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of posture correction & stabilization according to horse rider's(n=10) skill levels of novice(0wk), mid-skill(12wk) & skill(24wk) in walk & trot. First, Mean posture of 3 times experiments; Anterior & posterior leaning posture of trunk showed rather unstable according to progress of the stages of TD1, TO, TD2 phase, and also shoulder & elbow angle, which effects to the distance from bit to rein, showed unstable riding posture. There was close relationship between shoulder and elbow Angle in walk and hip, knee & ankle angle in trot. Second, Posture correction & stabilization according to riding skill levels; Anterior & posterior leaning posture of trunk did not show significant difference statistically but showed approaching tendency to trunk's vertical line and showed significant difference(p<.05) according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot horse riding. Hip angle showed significant difference according to progress of the stages of TD1, TO, TD2 phase(p<.05) and showed tendency maintaining the larger thigh flexion according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot. Knee angle showed more stable posture by maintaining the larger flexion between thigh and shank according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot(p<.05). Ankle angle also showed tendency maintaining the larger plantar flexion of foot according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot. When considering the above, regular horse riding program could be useful in posture correction & stabilization according to improvement of skill levels of novice(0wk), mid-skill(12wk) & skill(24wk) in walk & trot.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

인공무릎관절의 수명에 직접적인 영향을 주는 인자는 접촉면에 대한 접촉면적과 압력분포이다 따라서. 이에 대한 실험적인 평가가 필요하였고 knee simulator 혹은 K-scan sensor를 포함한 시스템과 같은 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 지금까지 보행주기에 따른 연속적인 인공관절 운동에 대한 접촉면의 압력분포를 실시간으로 분석한 연구는 미흡하다 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 보행주기를 모사하는 simulator와 I-scan을 이용하여 연속적인 동작에 따른 접촉면의 압력분포를 분석함에 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 이루기 위해서 생체내 인공관절 환경을 정확히 표현할 수 있는 knee simulator를 제작하였다. 네 방향의 자유도를 갖고 있는 본 simulator는 soft tissue의 기능을 포함하고 있고 PC Program을 통하여 압축하중과 femoral component의 굴곡각을 조절할 수 있다. 본 시스템의 I-scan sensor는 보행주기에 따른 압력분포를 분석할 수 있다. 보행주기에 대한 압력분포는 압축하중곡선에 따라 주요하게 변화함을 알 수 있고 운동성에 영향을 쿠는 압력중심의 위치도 변한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제작한 knee simulator는 보행주기 같은 특정의 운동정보를 이용하여 접촉면의 압력분포 및 운동성 같은 기계적 성능을 평가할 수 있고 형상 설계를 위한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있다.