• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.54-59
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• 2015

In this study, effects of kneading concentration on characteristics of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) fibers were elucidated. A laboratory two-shaft kneader was utilized for kneading. Kneading concentration was varied in the range of 15-30% (w/w) and the number of kneading treatment was adjusted between 0 and 6 passes. It was found that kneading concentration influenced fiber characteristics. At 15% of pulp concentration, fiber length slightly increased with increasing the number of kneading passes, while other morphological properties such as fiber width and curl decreased: fiber straightening occurred. In addition, the increase in WRV and the decrease in CSF were the largest at 15% kneading concentration, meanings that fibrillation mainly occurred. In contrast, at higher kneading concentration exceeding 20%, fiber deformation like curl was mainly occurred. Also, at kneading concentration of 20% and 30%, fiber length decreased with the number of kneading passes while other morphological properties such as fiber width, and WRV increased. Severe fiber entanglement was found at 30% kneading, which shall be removed during papermaking.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.67-78
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• 2006

Modification of polylactic acid (PLA) and 10% maleic anhydride (MAH) with 15% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) based on MAH weight was conducted in the kneader at $160^{\circ}C$ and 30~70 rpm, for 15 min. The resulting MAH-modified PLA (PLA-MA) was then evaluated as a compatibilizer for PLA-wood flour (WF) composites. The FTIR and $^1H$-NMR analysis gave evidence of PLA-MA formation. After kneading and reacting with MAH and DCP, the number (Mn) and the weight average (Mw) molecular weights of PLA decreased as compared to the original PLA. The presence of WF in the composites decreased the tensile strength and several other physical properties. The higher the WF loading resulted in the greater the reduction of tensile strength. An addition of 10% PLA-MA as a compatibilizer to the composites improved the tensile strength and several other physical properties, increased the flow temperature, and decreased the melt viscosity. The improved composite revealed 1.42 times increased in tensile strength but not over PLA alone, and absorbed considerably less water compared to those of the composites free-compatibilizer.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

To increase the fracture toughness of paper made of Sw-BKP, refining and kneading conditions were analyzed. Curl and kink was known to increase the strain at break and the fracture touhness. Sequence of multiple stage beating, beating load and kneading were compared. When we applied a kneading treatment using a kneader at the final step, the most of the fiber transformation such as curl and kink occurred, the more the bulk and air-permeability improved. Physical strength and TEA(tensile energy absorption) were increased higher when kneading treatment before refining than only refining treatment was performed. TEA was increased because of higher elongation. It was found that the highest fracture toughness was obtained when applying the kneading treatment to the fibers in the pre-treatment step rather than in the middle step of beating or in the final step of beating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2016

The propellant mixer for charging of solid rocket motors is one of the most important equipments. For the propellant mixer is export control item, it's hard to purchase it directly from abroad. The Mixer was developed locally to overcome export control which precludes us from import. This paper includes the introduction for general mixers and the process of mixer development progressed by LIGNex1. Finally, The mixer is verified the performance using measurements of clearance between blade-blade and blade-bowl and flow simulation with ADINA.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.2_3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

Starch was modified with epichlorohydrin(ECH) to improve the miscibility with LDPE and LLDPE. Native starch or epichlorohydrin treated starch was mixed with grycerol and LDPE/LLDPE resin using a kneader and extruded using a single screw extruder to make pallets. The pallets were compression-molded at 145 into composite boards to evaluate their color, oxygen permeation, mechanical and thermal properties, and degradability under UV irradiation. Sheets with epichlorohydrin treated starch generally showed higher L-value than that of native starch blend sheets. The hunter b-values in both native starch blends and epichlorohydrin treated starch blends increased with Increasing starch contents. Tensile strength and percent elongation of sheets decreased with increasing starch contents. Tensile strength and percent elongation of sheets decreased with increasing starch contents. The degradability of blends under UV radiation increased with increasing starch contents in both blend types. The results represents that crosslinking of starch with epichlorohydrin may be a good method to improve miscibility of starch with petroleum-based materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2000

백판지, KL, 지관원지, 석고원지 등의 산업 용지 지종에 주로 ace 계통의 저급 고지가 원료 로 주로 사용되고 있다 .. ace 고지는 크게 원산지별로 약간씩 상이한 물성을 나타내고 있는데 각 원지 요구 특성도 각각 다양하다. 효율적인 ace 고지의 이용을 위해서는 ace 고지 자체의 외관 특성 및 물리적인 특성을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 각 O ace 원료의 특성을 파악하여 각 원지 특성에 적합한 물성을 나타내기 위한 ace data를 얻고 자하였다. 미산 ace, 국산 ace, 일본 ace의 물성을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 열단장이 각각 2.94, 2. 3 35, 2,2km로 미산 ace가 가장 우수하였고, 국산과 일본 ace 는 비슷한 열단장을 나타내고 있다. 파열강도도 역시 미산 ace가 가장 우수하였고, 국산과 일본 ace 는 비슷한 강도를 나 타내고 있다. 내절도의 경우에도(1.0kgf 압력하) 미산, 국산과 일본산이 각각 124, 19, 18회 를 나타내고 있다. 해리성의 경우에는 국산과 일본산은 98.9%의 해리율로 유사한 특성을 나타내고 있으나, 미 국산의 경우에는 89.0-96.9%로 상당히 낮은 해리율을 나타내고 있는데 미국산 ace의 경우에 는 습윤시 강도 향상을 위하여 습윤지력중강제의 투입으로 인하여 섬유 해섬에 방해가 되기 때 문이다. 해리성 향상을 위하여 펄핑 방법, 시간, 약품 (가성소다, 해리촉진제 등), Kneader 처 리 둥을 시도하여 보았다. 펄핑 시간과 가성소다의 투입 영향이 가장 큰 효과를 나타내었다. 이물질함량은 국산 ace가 가장 많았고, 미산, 일본산 ace가 가장 적었다.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

The bleach efficiency between PY and YP bleaching of pulps, which were deinked in neutral (cellulase) and alkaline (NaOH, NaOH/${Na_2}{SiO_3}$) ranges, and were treated on kneader, was compared in this study. The brightness of pulps (84.8~88.4% ISO) which were deinked in alkaline or neutral ranges increased up to 88.4%~88.8% ISO after PY or YP bleaching. There was no difference in the brightness between PY and YP bleaching. And the dirt count of bleached pulps was similar each other at the range of 17~38 ppm. The tensile index of bleached pulps was slightly higher in PY bleaching than those in YP bleaching. While with the treatment of kneading, the brightness and dirt count decreased remarkably compared to those of no-kneading. However, the sharp difference in the brightnesses or in dirt count of bleached pulps decreased after bleaching. The brightness of bleached pulps at YP stages was only numberically higher than those at PY stages without regard to the treatment of kneading. Therefore, in the case of the neutral deinkiing process, the conversion of PY bleaching stages to YP bleaching stages was profitable to water loop system, and was harmless in the aspect of the bleach efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.279-284
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• 2006

Activated carbon is proposed as a new application of wastepaper recycling other than the paper-making. Waste kraft bag is considered to be a suitable raw material for activated carbon because of its low ash content. Small pellets of wastepaper squeezed out from the continuous kneader were carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere and activated using carbon dioxide. The BET specific surface areas of activated carbon prepared from waste kraft bag was $1,285m^{2}/g$, which is higher than commercially available activated carbons. The activated carbon prepared from wastepaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in mesopore and macropore ranges. As a result, activated carbon with iodine adsorption capacity of 1,400 mg/g was obtained from waste kraft bag. In this paper, adsorption amount of Bisphenol A (BPA) was determined to investigate adsorbability of activated carbon from waste kraft bag. Adsorption measurements were on solutions ranging from $0.1{mu}g/L\;to\;100mg/L$. The activated carbon from waste kraft bag gave higher BPA adsorbabilities over a wide range, compared with commercially available activated carbons.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

In recent times, the demand for electronic devices has increased because of advancements in the electronics industry. Consequently, research on shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) from electronic devices has also progressed significantly. In particular, research on imparting electrical conductivity to plastic has seen substantial progress. In this study, the effect of hybrid fillers comprising carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the electrical properties of polyamide 66 (PA66) composites was investigated. PA66 composites were prepared using a BUSS Co-Kneader single-screw extruder. EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) increased with the increasing addition of unsized CF (UCF), sized CF (SCF), and CNTs. For the PA66/SCF/CNT hybrid filler composites, EMI SE significantly increased with the increase in SCF content. Finally, the hybrid filler comprising SCF and CNTs may have a synergistic effect on the EMI SE and surface resistivity of PA66/SCF/CNT composites.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2001

A study was made on the chemical treatment of silica and silane coupling agents, bistriethox ysilylpropyltetrasulfide(Si 69) and ${\gamma}$-mercaptopropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS) for reinforcement of silica formulation. The effects of chemical treatment method and the most popular two coupling agents were examined. The results clearly indicate that the wet method, coupling agent is combined chemically with the silica prior to mixing, has more dispersion, wetting ability, dynamic properties and stability than the dry method, coupling agent is premixed directly with the silica. The mixing was done using a bench-type kneader having two mixing cam and a two-roll mill, under approximately similar conditions. The physical properties of SBR vulcanizates give rise to marked improvements by addition of Si 69 and MPS in comparison with without silane coupling agents. The optimum amount of Si 69 and MPS was 2 w/w% by experiments in the dry method but was 4 w/w% by EA and TGA analysis in the wet method.