• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2010

阿拉伯人联合抵制丹麦产品, 澳大利亚人联合抵制法国产品, 而中国人厌恶日本产品, 这些是国家间的敌对行为影响消费行为的案例. 敌意文献中已考查过消费者对其他国家敌对行为的反应, 以及这种敌意如何影响消费者对敌对国家产品的态度和倾向. 例如, 中国消费者不愿购买日本产品, 是由于日本人在第二次世界大战中的暴行, 以及不平等的经济往来(Klein, Ettenson and Morris 1998). 然而在市场营销文献中, 却没有考查过那些对他国实施敌对行为的国家消费者的反应, 这些敌对行为是否会影响他们购买受害国产品的态度. 社会心理学文献认为, 消费者面对这样的敌对行为时, 会产生一种集体犯罪感. 集体犯罪感源于当组织成员认为组织要对伤害其他组织的行为负责时所产生的痛苦感(Branscombe, Slugoski, and Kappenn 2004). 案例包括美国人由于美军在Abu Ghraib监狱的暴行而产生犯罪感(Iyer, Schamder and Lickel 2007), 荷兰由于过去对印度尼西亚的占领而产生犯罪感(Doosje et al. 1998). 本研究的主要目的是考查当国家成员对他国有敌对行为时消费者的感知, 这种感知是否会影响他们对敌对国家产品的态度. 更准确的说, 本研究的目标之一是考查集体犯罪感的感知前提, 以及当国家成员对他国有敌对行为时, 人们的情绪反应. 另一个目标是考查集体犯罪感如何影响消费者对敌对国产品的感知和倾向. 如果集体犯罪感能起到明显的预言作用, 敌对国双方的公司可能会从这类不幸的事件中受益. 本研究利用了由Klein, Ettenson and Morris (1998)提出并经Klein (2002)发展的敌意模式. Klein发现美国消费者对日本人怀有敌意, 起因是二战期间的事件(如日军偷袭珍珠港)和近年来日本的经济威胁. 因此本研究认为, 二战间的事件(如广岛长崎的原子弹爆炸)可能导致美国消费者的集体犯罪感. 曾有过一系列的三个假设, 第一个假设关于集体犯罪感的前提. 之前有研究认为当消费者感知到侵害造成的非法伤害, 并且认为侵犯者来自的国家应为此负责, 集体犯罪感就产生了(Wohl, Branscombe, and Klar 2006). 因此提出下列假设: 假设1a: 感知到的伤害非法性越高, 集体犯罪感越强烈. 假设1b: 责任越大, 集体犯罪感也肯定越强烈. 第二个和第三个假设关于集体犯罪感对倾向日本产品的影响. Klein (2002)发现对日本的敌意越强, 相比较韩国产品对日本产品的倾向越小, 但相比较美国产品对日本产品的倾向并未变小. 这些结果说明集体犯罪感存在时, 消费者在购买日本产品和韩国产品时会更倾向于前者, 但在购买日本产品和美国产品时并未受影响. 假设2: 集体犯罪感与购买日本产品的倾向大于韩国产品有关, 但与购买日本产品的倾向大于美国产品无关. 假设3: 集体犯罪感与购买日本产品的倾向大于韩国产品有关, 并且对产品的判断和敌意保持不变. 有过一个实验测试这个假设. 使被调查者面临发生在二战中的敌对事件, 从而产生非法伤害和责任. 该实验由一家美国的消费者调查小组收集数据, 将调查对象随机分配到低等级责任和违法情况(n=259)或高等级责任和违法情况(n=268). 测试假设关系时, 运用到潜在变量结构方程模式(LVSEM). 第一个假设得到了支持, 美国人因二战中对日本人的伤害而产生的伤害非法性和责任都对集体犯罪感有积极影响. 第二个假设也得到了支持, 集体犯罪感与购买日本产品的倾向大于韩国产品有关, 但与购买日本产品的倾向大于美国产品无关. 最后, 第三个假设也得到了支持, 集体犯罪感与购买日本产品的倾向大于韩国产品有关, 同时还影响人们对日本产品的判断和敌意. 由这些研究的结果可得出结论. 第一, 伤害的非法性和责任是集体犯罪感的前提. 第二, 当消费者面临来自敌对行为目标国家的产品和其他外国产品之间的选择时, 会受到集体犯罪感的影响. 但当他们面临来自敌对行为目标国家的产品和本国产品时, 不受集体犯罪感的影响. 这一结果意味着当竞争对手来自国外时, 利用集体犯罪感对那些受到敌对行为的国家的公司是可行的, 但当竞争对手来自国内时则不可行.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.268-268
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• 1998

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2001년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.260-261
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• 2001

No Abstract.See Full-text

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제11A권7호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2004

비선형 클라인 고든 방정식의 수치해를 구하기 위해 라그란제 보간을 사용하는데 비선형 항을 계산하기위해 보간식의 차이가 거의 없는 변형된 식을 사용하여 해의 .안정성과 해의 수렴성을 밝히고 오차를 분석하였다. 즉 $I(x)^{3}$ 대신에 $f(x_i)^{3}I_i(x)$을 사용하였으며 오차는 $C(\frac{1}{N})^{N-1} hN(N-1)(\frac{N}{2})^{N-1} /(\frac{N}{2})!$ 이하임을 보였고 석기서 N은 다항식의 차수이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1995

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the differences of evaluations of blue jean according to the level of apparel advertising acceptance, (2) to examine the differences of effect of brand Name on evaluations of blue jean, (3) and to investigate the differences of evaluations between Clothing and Textiles mojors and non Clothing and Textiles mojors. Questionnaire was comprised of 10 Likert type items of apparel advertising acceptance measure, and 11 items of 7-point scale for clothing evaluation measure. "Mcgreger" was selected for the blue jean evaluations of unrecognized brand, and "Calvin Klein" was for recognized brand. The subjects were 154 college female students in Seoul; 39 females were asked about evaluations of the blue jean of unrecognized brand name (Mcgreyer) without the brand name label, 40 unrecognized brand with the label, 41 recognized brand (Calvin Klein) without the brand name label, 34 recognized brand with the label. The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test. The results of the study were the followings: 1. Females with high scores in apparel advertising acceptance were more influenced by brand name in evaluations of blue jean than those with low scores. 2. The evaluations of blue jean was influenced by reputation of brand name in all evaluation criteria. Female group who evaluated the blue jean with recognized brand name label evaluated more positively than the other groups.an the other groups.

• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2018

본 연구는 벤처캐피탈 신디케이트의 다양성과 그 신디케이트가 지원하는 벤처 기업의 IPO 사이의 관계에 대해 조사하였다. 구체적으로는 Harrison and Klein의 다양성에 대한 세 가지 분류(Separation, Variety, and Disparity)를 기반으로 하여, 벤처캐피탈 신디케이트에 적용되는 세 가지 종류의 다양성(Capacity diversity, Expertise diversity, Network diversity)을 제시한 뒤, 각 다양성이 성과에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 6,268개의 벤처캐피탈에 의한 1,127건의 벤처캐피탈 신디케이트 투자를 2단계 최소 자승법을 통하여 분석 한 결과, 제시된 가설 모두를 유의미하게 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 세 다양성 중에서, Capacity다양성의 경우 성과를 감소시키지만, Expertise 다양성과 Network 다양성은 성과를 향상시키는 것으로 드러났다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to investigate the factors influencing on the quality of life (QOL) among herniation of nucleus pulposus (HNP) patients caused by occupational accidents. Method: 203 patients of HNP were recruited. 106 patients were occupationally injured workers who benefited from workmen's compensation scheme (PWCS group), and 43 patients were non-occupationally injured workers benefiting from national health insurance (PNHI group). Questions of QOL items were used by Korean version of SBQOL (SmithKlein Beecham's Qality of Life). Result: The quality of life of PWCS group measured by SBQOL was significantly lower than that of PNHI group. In PWCS group, SBQOL was significantly lower in patients with 40s of their age, 5 years or longer of treatment duration, no expectation of return to work, no expectation of recovering subject's health, and with loss of employment than rest of the patients in each category. Expectations of recovering subject's health showed to be affect factors on QOL both the PWCS and PNHI groups. Conclusion: It suggested that betterment of expectation of recovering patient's health and an administrative system for returning to work of the occupationally injured HNP patients during treatment be necessary for improvement of their quality of life.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.435-451
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• 2019

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is an essential cryptanalytic technique and its key point is whether there is an impossible differential path. The main factor of influencing impossible differential cryptanalysis is the length of the rounds of the impossible differential trail because the attack will be more close to the real encryption algorithm with the number becoming longer. We provide the upper bound of the longest impossible differential trails of several important block ciphers. We first analyse the national standard of the Russian Federation in 2015, Kuznyechik, which utilizes the 16-byte LFSR to achieve the linear transformation. We conclude that there is no any 3-round impossible differential trail of the Kuznyechik without the consideration of the specific S-boxes. Then we ascertain the longest impossible differential paths of several other important block ciphers by using the matrix method which can be extended to many other block ciphers. As a result, we show that, unless considering the details of the S-boxes, there is no any more than or equal to 5-round, 7-round and 9-round impossible differential paths for KLEIN, Midori64 and MIBS respectively.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 국내에서 반추가축에게 주로 이용되는 조사료원들의 영양소 함량 및 반추위 in situ 소실율을 평가하기 위해서 수행하였다. 착유우 30두 이상의 50여개 농가를 대상으로 조사한 결과를 토대로 선정한 12종류의 조사료를 다양한 수입원을 고려하여 확보한 다음, 주요 영양소 성분과 미네랄을 분석하였다. 또한 그 중 5개의 조사료원(티모시, 알팔파펠렛, 볏짚, 클라인글라스 및 톨페스큐)을 선정하여 반추위 cannula가 장착된 거세 한우 2두(평균체중 $526{\pm}14$ kg)를 이용하여 반추위 in-situ 소실율을 평가하였다. 조사한 조사료원들의 영양소 함량은 한국표준사료성분분석표에 비하여 전반적으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 최종 반추위 in-situ 건물 소실율은 클라인글라스가 가장 높게 나타났으며 티모시, 알팔파 펠렛, 톨 페스큐, 볏짚 순으로 낮아졌다. 최종 조단백질 소실율은 알팔파 펠렛이 가장 높았으며 클라인 글라스, 티모시, 톨페스큐, 볏짚 순으로 높게 나타났다.

• ALGAE
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2002