• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.146-152
• /
• 2001

This paper describes an accurate fault location algorithm based on sequence current distribution factors for a double-circuit transmission system. The proposed method uses the voltage and current collected at only the local end of a single-circuit. This method is virtually independent of the fault resistance and the mutual coupling effect caused by the zero-sequence current of the adjacent parallel circuit and insensitive to the variation of source impedance. The fault distance is determined by solving the forth-order KVL(Kirchhoff's Voltage Law) based distance equation. The zero-sequence current of adjacent circuit is estimated by using a zero-sequence current distribution factor and the zero-sequence current of the self-circuit. Thousands of fault simulation by EMTP have proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.943-966
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem for viscoelastic wave equations of Kirchhoff type with Balakrishnan-Taylor damping terms in the presence of the infinite memory and external time-varying delay. For a certain class of relaxation functions and certain initial data, we prove that the decay rate of the solution energy is similar to that of relaxation function which is not necessarily of exponential or polynomial type. Also, we show another stability with g satisfying some general growth at infinity.

• 유변학
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 3차원 열성형 공정 알고리듬과 이에 membrane approximation을 도입한 근사적인 알고리듬을 개발하였고, 이 알고리듬을 이용하여 몇몇 열성형계에 대한 수치모사를 수행하여 그 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 3차원 알고리듬의 경우에는 구성한 유한요소 평형 방정식에 벌칙함수를 도입하여 비압축성 조건을 만족시켜 해를 얻었으며, membrane approximation을 도입한 알고리듬의 경우에는 두께 방향의 응력을 무시하여 구성한 방정식으로부터 해를 얻었다. 구성방정식은 2nd Piola-Kirchhoff 응력 텐서와 Cauchy-Green 변형 텐서를 사용하여 표현하였고 수지의 물질 모델식으로는 2항의 Mooney-Rivlin 모델을 사용하였으며, total Lagrangian coordinate를 도입하여 지배방정식을 유한요소화함으로써 알고리듬을 구성하였다. 대상계로 선정한 사각평판 수지의 자유 부풀림 거동과 금형이 있는 경우에서의 수지의 부풀림 거동을 3차원 알고리듬과 membrane approximation 알고리듬을 각각 이용하여 분석하였으며 3차원 알고리듬의 경우 clamping 부분의 경계조건을 달리하여 결과를 비교하였다. 금형이 있는 계에 대해서는 slip 경계조건과 no-slip 경계조건을 각각 부여하여 수치모사를 수행, 수지의 변형거동과 응력분포를 비교 분석하였으며, 두께를 달리 한 수지에 대해 두께 방향의 응력을 비교 분석함으로써 membrane approximation 알고리듬의 한계에 대하여 논하였다. 한편 수지 온도 변화에 따른 성형품의 두께 분포의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 ABS 수지를 대상으로 하여 $137.8^{\circ}C$에서 $171.1^{\circ}C$사이의 온도에서 수행한 인장실험 데이터를 수치모사에 사용하였다. 그 결과 수지의 온도가 높을수록 두께의 표준편차가감소하여 균일한 두께 분포를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였고 이는 수지의 흐름성이 증가함으로써 나타나는 현상으로 해석할 수 있다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.234-244
• /
• 2004

주파수 영역 유한요소 파동방정식의 3차원 모델링은 거대한 크기의 산재행렬(sparse matrix)인 임피던스 행렬을 풀어야 한다. 이러한 이유 때문에 파동방정식의 3차원 모델링은 주로 시간 영역에서 이루어지고 있다. 이 연구는 주파수 영역 파동방정식의 유한요소 3차원 모델링 연구의 일환으로 라플라스 영역에서 1개 주파수에 대한 파동방정식 해를 이용하여 주시와 진폭을 계산할 수 있는 SWEET(Suppressed Wave Equation Estimation of Traveltime) 알고리즘과 병렬 유한요소 솔버를 결합하여 주파수 영역 3차원 모델링을 시도 하였다. 이렇게 계산된 주시와 진폭은 파선이론에 기반하여 계산된 주시와 진폭과 달리 급경사 구조 또는 수평 속도의 비가 큰 곳에서도 정확하게 계산되며, Kirchhoff 구조보정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 연구의 결과를 검증하기 위하여 SEG/EAGE 3D 암염 모델의 주시와 진폭 계산에 적용하여 이를 검증하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2005

The free vibration of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by hydro dynamic bearings (HDB) in an HDD is analyzed by FEM. The spinning flexible disk is described using Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman non-linear strain, and its rigid body motion is also considered. It is discretized by annular sector element. The rotating spindle which includes the clamp, hub, permanent magnet and yoke, is modeled by Timoshenko beam including the gyroscopic effect. The flexible supporting structure with a complex shape which includes stator core, housing, base plate, sleeve and thrust pad is modeled by using a 4-node tetrahedron element with rotational degrees of freedom to satisfy the geometric compatibility. The dynamic coefficients of HDB are calculated from the HDB analysis program, which solves the perturbed Reynolds equation using FEM. Introducing the virtual nodes and the rigid link constraints defined in the center of HDB, beam elements of the shaft are connected to the solid elements of the sleeve and thrust pad through the spring and damper element. The global matrix equation obtained by assembling the finite element equations of each substructure is transformed to the state-space matrix-vector equation, and the associated eigen value problem is solved by using the restarted Arnoldi iteration method. The validity of this research is verified by comparing the numerical results of the natural frequencies with the experimental ones. Also the effect of supporting structures to the natural modes of the total HDD system is rigorously analyzed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.572-578
• /
• 2003

The free vibration of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by hydro dynamic bearings in a HDD is analyzed by FEM. The spinning flexible disk is described using Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman non-linear strain, and its rigid body motion is also considered. It is discretized by annular sector element. The rotating spindle which includes the clamp, hub, permanent magnet and yoke, is modeled by Timoshenko beam including the gyroscopic effect. The flexible supporting structure with a complex shape which includes stator core, housing, base plate, sleeve and thrust pad is modeled by using a 4-node tetrahedron element with rotational degrees of freedom to satisfy the geometric compatibility. The dynamic coefficients of HDB are calculated from the HDB analysis program, which solves the perturbed Raynolds equation using FEM. Introducing the virtual nodes and the rigid link constraints defined in the center of HDB, beam elements of the shaft are connected to the solid elements of the sleeve and thrust pad through the spring and damper element. The global matrix equation obtained by assembling the finite element equations of each substructure is transformed to the state-space matrix-vector equation, and the associated eigenvalue problem is solved by using the restarted Arnoldi iteration method. The validity of this research is verified by comparing the numerical results of the natural frequencies with the experimental ones. Also the effect of supporting structures to the natural modes of the total HDD system is rigorously analyzed.

• 국제강구조저널
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.1440-1463
• /
• 2018

The Wagner coefficient is a key parameter used to describe the inelastic lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) behaviour of the I-beam, since even for a doubly-symmetric I-section with residual stress, it becomes a monosymmetric I-section due to the characteristics of the non-symmetrical distribution of plastic regions. However, so far no theoretical derivation on the energy equation and Wagner's coefficient have been presented due to the limitation of Vlasov's buckling theory. In order to simplify the nonlinear analysis and calculation, this paper presents a simplified mechanical model and an analytical solution for doubly-symmetric I-beams under pure bending, in which residual stresses and yielding are taken into account. According to the plate-beam theory proposed by the lead author, the energy equation for the inelastic LTB of an I-beam is derived in detail, using only the Euler-Bernoulli beam model and the Kirchhoff-plate model. In this derivation, the concept of the instantaneous shear centre is used and its position can be determined naturally by the condition that the coefficient of the cross-term in the strain energy should be zero; formulae for both the critical moment and the corresponding critical beam length are proposed based upon the analytical buckling equation. An analytical formula of the Wagner coefficient is obtained and the validity of Wagner hypothesis is reconfirmed. Finally, the accuracy of the analytical solution is verified by a FEM solution based upon a bi-modulus model of I-beams. It is found that the critical moments given by the analytical solution almost is identical to those given by Trahair's formulae, and hence the analytical solution can be used as a benchmark to verify the results obtained by other numerical algorithms for inelastic LTB behaviour.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제68권2호
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2018

For the first time, nonlocal damped vibration and buckling analyses of arbitrary tapered bidirectional functionally graded solid circular nano-plate (BDFGSCNP) are presented by employing modified spectral Ritz method. The energy method based on Love-Kirchhoff plate theory assumptions is applied to derive neutral equilibrium equation. The Eringen's nonlocal continuum theory is taken into account to capture small-scale effects. The characteristic equations and corresponding first mode shapes are calculated by using a novel modified basis in spectral Ritz method. The modified basis is in terms of orthogonal shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind to avoid employing adhesive functions in the spectral Ritz method. The fast convergence and compatibility with various conditions are advantages of the modified spectral Ritz method. A more accurate multivariable function is used to model two-directional variations of elasticity modulus and mass density. The effects of nanoscale, in-plane pre-load, distributed dashpot, arbitrary tapering, pinned and clamped boundary conditions on natural frequencies and buckling loads are investigated. Observing an excellent agreement between results of current work and outcomes of previously published works in literature, indicates the results' accuracy in current work.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.2201-2210
• /
• 2000

Vibration of a rotating disk-spindle system is analyzed by using Hamilton's principle, FEM and substructure synthesis. A rotating disk undergoes the rigid body motion and the elastic deformation. It s equation of motion is derived by Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman nonlinear strain. A rotating shaft is described by Rayleigh beam theory considering the axial rigid body motion. The stationay shaft supporting the rotating disk-spindle-bearing system is modeled by Euler beam theory, and the stiffness of ball bearing is determined by A.B.Jones' theory. FEM is used to solve the derived governing equations, and substructure synthesis is introduced to assemble each structure of the rotating disk-spindle system. The developed theory is applied to the spindle system of a 35' computer hard disk drive with 3 disks to verify the simulation results. The simulation results agree very well with the experimental ones. The proposed theory may be effectively expanded to the complex structure of a disk-spindle system.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제57권12호
• /
• pp.2147-2152
• /
• 2008

This paper proposes an algorithm to estimate the circulating currents in the transformers in parallel in an ultra high voltage system. For the Y-Y-${\Delta}$ transformers operated in parallel, there exist two kinds of the circulating currents i.e. one is between the tanks and the other between the banks of the delta side. As the former is 90 deg out of phase of the load current, it is estimated by decomposing the line current into the component 90 deg out of phase of the load current in the frequency domain. The latter is estimated in the time domain from applying the Kirchhoff's voltage law on the delta winding which gives a first-order differential equation in terms of the delta winding currents. To estimate the circulating currents between the tanks, the performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated when the impedances of the two transformer tanks are different or the taps of the on-load tap changer of the transformers are mismatched temporarily. To estimate the circulating currents between the banks, the performance of the proposed algorithm is also examined under magnetic inrush and over-excitation. Test results indicate that the algorithm can estimate the two kinds of the circulating currents successfully.