• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1223-1228
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• 2011

This study was done to investigate the content of sodium saccharin in Kimchi and salted vegetables served by restaurants. 99 samples were collected from restaurants which were located mainly in the Seoul metro area. Sodium saccharin was analyzed by HPLC. The types of restaurants were privately owned(68.7%) and franchised(31.3%). The composition ratio of sodium saccharin in Kimchi & salted vegetables at Korean, Chinese, Japanese, fast food, family, flour based food, and buffet restaurants was 60%, 14%, 2%, 7%, 13%, 4%, respectively. The composition ratio of sodium saccharin in kaktugi,, danmooji, kimchi, moosangchai, jangajji, mool kimchi, pickle, jjasai, oijii was 19.2%, 16.2%, 16.2%, 14.1%, 12.1%, 9.1%, 5.1%, 4.0%, 4.0% respectively. The mean of sodium saccharin detection rate of the 99 samples was 30.30%.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.619-629
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• 2004

This study was prepared to present the research data for the promotion of Korean foods and restaurants in Korea and abroad by an analysis of the recognition and preference of Korean traditional foods and an importance-performance analysis of Korean restaurants by foreign visitors (n=351) and foreign residents (n=365). The most recognized Korean foods among foreigners were Bibimbap>Kimchi>Bulogi>Galbi>Samgyetang;however, the most preferred Korean foods were statistically different; Bibimbap>Kimchi>Bulgogi>Galbi>Rameyeon by foreign visitors and Bulgogi>Bibimbap>Galbi>Samgyetang>Kimchi by foreign residents. Especially, the preferences for Samgyetang and Dakgalbi were increased whereas that for Kimchi was decreased in foreign residents. The Korean foods were described as 'hot and pungent' and 'spicy' by foreign visitors, but 'hot and pungent', 'non-greasy' and 'salty' by foreign residents. In choosing a restaurant, 'quality of food' was most important among foreigners, but 'proper price' was considered more significant than 'sanitation and cleanness' by foreign residents compared with foreign visitors. The satisfaction with Korean restaurants of foreign residents was lower than that of foreign visitors. An analysis of importance and performance of Korean restaurants by foreigners was performed. There were significant differences in the evaluations of Korean restaurants between foreign visitors and foreign residents (p<0.05). The importance of the attributes related with 'foods' and 'sanitation' were rated higher by foreign residents. On the other hand, foreign visitors rated the importance of the attributes related to 'eating environment' and 'employees' more highly. Foreign residents significantly rated the performances of Korean restaurants lower in each attribute except 'additional free side dishes' and 'communications'.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2019

This study examined the state of awareness, consumption, and purchasing behavior of Kimchi among Chinese adults in Beijing and Shanghai. Two-hundred Chinese individuals in Beijing and Shanghai were included as study subjects. The subjects selected "good Kimchi for Chinese taste" as excellent Kimchi; however, only 13% of the subjects selected "Kimchi from Korea is excellent." The first sites of Kimchi consumption in China included "home" (59.0%) and "restaurants" (40.0%) in Beijing and "restaurants" (57.0%) and "home" (32.0%) in Shanghai. Chinese people primarily purchase 400g pouches of Kimchi more than once a month, and the average price of Kimchi is RMB 12.59 in Beijing and RMB 18.32 in Shanghai. These results suggest that the interest in Kimchi varieties and the countries producing it differ among Chinese consumers depending on the region. Therefore, a sensory evaluation of Kimchi is essential to determine the preferred flavor of Kimchi among Chinese individuals and to promote the consumption of traditional Korean Kimchi.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the salinity of representative Korean foods high in sodium to generate data for use as a fundamental resource for setting salinity standards in foods. Methods: A total of 480 foods from 16 representative Korean foods high in sodium were collected from 10 households, 10 industry foodservice establishments, and 10 Korean restaurants in four regions (Capital area, Chungcheong Province, Gyeongsang Province, and Jeolla Province) and analyzed for salinity. Results: Among the foods, stir-fried anchovies (4.07~4.45%) showed the highest salinity, followed by pickled onion (1.86~2.62%), cabbage kimchi (1.83~2.2%), braised burdock and lotus root (1.79~2.17%), and sliced radish kimchi (1.78~1.89%) (p<0.001). The salinity of kimchi from home meals (2.2%) was significantly higher than that of foodservice (1.83%) and restaurant (1.93%) kimchi (p<0.05). Salinity in each group of food was highest in kimchi (1.83~2.04%), followed by braised dishes (1.54~1.78%), steamed dishes (1.0~1.22%), stir-fried dishes (1.02~1.18%), and soup or stew (0.74~1.02%) (p<0.001). The salinity of soup and stew from restaurants (1.02%) was significantly higher than that of home meal (0.84%) and foodservice (0.74%) soup and stew. Conclusions: Determination of the salinity of representative Korean foods known to be high in sodium by eating place is expected to be useful to establishing guidelines for reduction of salinity.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.93-108
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• 1994

Kmich is the traditional vegetable fermented food. Like other traditional foods. it was not known when the kimchi was first processed. In the chinese historical litera tures, Salt and varlous vegetables were used in Korea from the time of kokuryo and shila Dynasty. Brined vegetable product might be therefore, processed at that time for the winter. But the product was highly salted and any seasonings were not added at all. Chinese cabbage and ned pepper were used for kimchi processing in 15-16 centureis. Vanious type of Kimchi simllar to present products were processed thereafter.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyse serving size, plate waste, and sensory evaluation on menu of university foodservice. This study was conducted in three restaurant of one university for 14 days, 1995. The serving size of food was measured by weighing machine. The plate waste of food was calculated by the aggregative selective plate waste measurement technique. Questionnaires of sensory evaluation were developed and hand-delivered at three restaurants. Rating criteria of sensory evaluation were appearance, taste, temperature, color, flavor, texture and overall quality. The plate waste of side dish were 35.5%, 42.5%, and 39.2% in A, B, and C restaurants. The plate waste of kimchi were 46.8%, 36.3%, and 55.9% in A, B, and C restaurants. So, university foodservice manager should concern quality of side dish and kimchi. The score of fried food in sensory evaluation was low. So, batch cooking was needed. The score of rice in sensory evaluation of C restaurants was very low. Therefore, steam ice cooker in C restaurants should be changed by gas automatic rice cooker.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of Korean kimchi in Singapore. A questionnaire was given to male 236(43.0%) and female 313(57.0%) college students residing in Singapore. The results are as follows: 86.9% of the participants answered that kimchi is Korean in origin, and 48.7% had eaten kimchi. Also 75.2% of the males and 65.2% of the females had purchased commercial kimchi at restaurants(p<0.05). Regarding the primary reason they purchased commercial kimchi, 62.1% responded 'its taste'(male 58.1%, female 65.0%), also 47.6% stated the package size was 50g(male 44.8%, female 49.7%). Among the kimchi they had experienced, 86.7% had eaten Baechu kimchi, 31.0% Mu kimchi and 30.9% Oi kimchi(males : 82.2% Baechu kimchi, 30.9% Oi kimchi, and 27.4% Mu kimchi, females: 90.0% Baechu kimchi, 33.6% Mu kimchi, and 26.2% Oi kimchi respectively). For their kimchi preference, 67.0% preferred Baechu kimchi, 9.4% Oi kimchi, and 7.1% Mu kimchi(males: 63.4% Baechu kimchi, 12.9% Oi kimchi and 5.4% Mu kimchi, females: 69.5% Baechu kimchi, 8.4% Oi kimchi and 6.9% Mu kimchi, respectively). After having eaten kimchi, 19.3% answer it tasted good, and the primary reason for liking kimchi, 'spicy and hot taste'(51.3%), The main reasons for not liking kimchi were the odor(garlic, ginger, anchovy juice, etc) and too spicy, respectively. Regarding improvements for its expanded consumption 32.0% answered 'not to improve', 18.0% answered 'don't make it too hot', 17.6% answered 'don't make it too salty', and 9.4% answered 'don't make it over-ripe'. For the overall perception of kimchi, the answer with the highest mean(3.95) was 'kimchi is a good side dish with cooked rice', which was significantly different than 'kimchi is delicious'(M=3.14, p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.676-687
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• 2020

본 연구는 질병관리청의 국민건강영양조사의 5개년 (2012-2016년) 자료를 통합하여 19-64세 성인 19,779명 (남자 8,034명, 여자 11,745명)을 대상으로 우리나라 성인의 대표적인 다빈도 음식 11종에 대해서 식사 섭취장소, 성별, 세부 연령에 따른 1인 1회 섭취분량의 차이를 살펴보았다. 1인 1회 섭취분량은 극단값의 영향을 배제하기 위하여 중앙값 (50th percentile)으로 제시하였다. 밥류 (쌀밥, 잡곡밥), 국류 (미역국, 된장국), 김치류 (배추김치), 볶음류 (멸치볶음, 돼지고기볶음), 나물류 (시금치나물, 콩나물), 찌개류 (된장찌개, 김치찌개)에 대하여 살펴본 결과, 외식에서 가장 높은 섭취량을 보인 음식은 쌀밥과 김치찌개였다. 김치찌개의 경우 모든 연령대의 남자가 다른 식사 섭취장소보다 외식에서 높은 섭취량을 나타내었는데 성인 남자의 모든 연령대에서 가정식보다 외식에서 쌀밥의 높은 섭취량을 보였고 여자는 '50-64세'의 외식에서 높은 섭취량을 나타내었다. 김치찌개의 경우도 모든 연령층의 남자가 외식에서 가장 높은 섭취량을 보였다. 단체급식에서 높은 섭취량을 나타내는 음식 중 특히 된장찌개는 '30-49세 남자', '50-64세 남자'의 단체급식에서의 섭취량이 다른 식사 섭취장소보다 높게 나타났으며, 돼지고기볶음은 모든 연령대의 남녀가 단체급식에서 가장 많이 섭취하고 있었다. 이러한 분석을 통해 우리나라 성인의 식사 섭취장소별 다빈도 음식의 섭취량이 성별, 세부연령별 차이가 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 단체급식과 외식에서 많이 섭취하는 음식의 경우 나트륨 함량이 높은 김치찌개, 된장찌개, 돼지고기볶음 등이 있어 단체급식이나 외식을 하는 대상자에게 적정 1인 1회 분량에 대한 영양교육을 실시하고, 외식업체를 위한 표준 레시피 등의 제공을 통해 나트륨 저감화 노력이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.184-196
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• 2013

To investigate the image, preference, importance and satisfaction of foreign visitors to Korean foods, 220 visitors (male 104, female 115) were surveyed with questionnaires in English and Japanese. To achieve this research purpose, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, and one way ANOVA was performed using the SPSS 15.0 program. Subjects had various nationality such as Europe/Oceania (24.7%/), Asia (23.3%), Africa (12.8), and North America (39.3). The representative food was kimchi > bibimbop > bulgogi but the most favorite food was bibimbop > kalbi > bulgogi in order. Like this, there are some discrepancies among the food choice, especially in kimchi, so the taste of kimchi should be improved according to the foreigners' taste. The results of the preference about the image get the high grade from those factors; the resonable price of Korean food, the spicy taste, various kinds of food according to the settings of the table, good for the health with excellent taste. Foreigners consider that the cleanliness of food and tableware, the sanitation of the restaurants, the taste of the food and freshness of ingredients are the important factors in Korean food and Korean restaurants. According to these factors, the satisfaction is affected by the attitude of servers > the taste of the food > the freshness of the ingredients > the amount of the food > the atmosphere of the restaurants > the cleanliness of the tableware in order. From the relationship between the importance and the satisfaction, the low grade food should improve the color and styling of the food and be served the appropriate amount of the food. Moreover, it is needed to improve the combining the spices and the ingredients to maintain a balance between strong and delicate flavors and with this, Korean food should be more globalized to promote the development of Korea tourism.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1997

The aim of this study has been two fold - to analyze the degree of utilization of Korean menu items in family restaurants; and to evaluate consumer satisfaction with the quality of family restaurant food and food-related service. A self-completed questionnaire survey of 280 consumers having meals in 6 family restaurants in Korea was undertaken and detailed information was collected from each. Consumer satisfaction with the quality of food and food-related service in family restaurants was evaluated by consumer questionnaires. It was measured by assessing 24 variables. Statistical data analysis was using SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Importance mean score of customers was 4.07 out of 5, with performance mean score of 3.19. The gap between importance and performance scores was 0.87. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) technique was used for obtaining information of the degree of utilization of Korean menu items in family restaurants. By the results of the IPA technique, menu items with fair to poor performance and high importance to the customer were cooked meals, noodles, steamed and grilled dishes, Korean salads, kimchi, beverages, single-dish course, suggesting that customer seemed to be dissatisfied with the degree of utilization of Korean menu items in family restaurants.