• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.723-733
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• 2011

The ionic compositions were analyzed from the TSP samples collected at Gosan site in Jeju Island between 2000 and 2008, in order to examine the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in accordance with the meteorological conditions. For the Asian Dust influence on the ionic compositions, the concentration ratios of $NH_4{^+}$, nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $K^+$ were about 1.2~2.3 during Asian Dust over Non-Asian Dust periods, noticeably that of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ was 6.8. Meanwhile the concentrations of nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ have increased as 1.8~4.4 times during the haze event periods, and 1.0~1.6 times during the fog and mist events. The ion balance has resulted that the anionic concentrations are relatively lower than the cationic concentrations, and the discrepancy appears more decidedly as a strong Asian Dust effect. The ammonium ion balance has shown that it exists as a mixture of $NH_4HSO_4$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$. The concentration ratios of nss-${SO_4}^{2-}/NO_3{^-}$ for Asian Dust, haze, fog-mist, and non-event periods were respectively 1.8, 5.9, 4.6, and 2.9, which were higher values compared to those in urban areas of China as well as other domestic regions. Especially, the high ratios of sulfur oxides could be presumed by the fact that the longrange transport of air pollutants from Asia continent might affect the atmospheric aerosols of Jeju Island.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2013

The collection of TSP and $PM_{2.5}$ aerosols has been made at the Gosan Site of Jeju Island during 2008-2011, and their ionic and elemental species were analyzed, in order to examine the seasonal variation and characteristics of aerosol compositions. The anthropogenic components ($NH_4{^+}$, $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, S, Zn, Pb) and the soil components ($nss-Ca^{2+}$, Al, Fe, Ca) showed high concentrations in spring as the prevailing westerly wind, but the concentrations of the sea-salt components ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$) were high in winter. In TSP, the neutralization by $NH_3$ increased in summer, but the neutralization by $CaCO_3$ increased in spring and fall seasons. The organic acids ($HCOO^-$, $CH_3COO^-$) contributed to the acidification of the aerosols by only 5.0%, so the acidification could be mostly contributed by the inorganic acids ($SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$). From the examination of the source origins by factor analysis, the compositions of TSP were influenced by the order of soil > anthropogenic > marine, on the other hand, those of $PM_{2.5}$ were by the order of anthropogenic > marine > soil. The backward trajectory analyses showed that the concentrations of $NH_4{^+}$, $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $nss-Ca^{2+}$ increased highly when the air masses had moved from China continent into Gosan area of Jeju Island.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.145-146
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• 2012

Recently the problem of the fouling organisms, especially Sn-compounds is expanded to environmental problems from the chemical reaction with imposex and secondary contamination. One of the existing antifouling system, antifouling paints, is regulated from 2012, July because of seriousness about toxic substances such as TBT, mercury, copper and so on. TBT is known that causes a variety of biological inhibition in various chemicals even a very small amount of concentration. So it has been developed to replace it. In this paper, we try to develope a new system with the environmental background and the research of the adhesion characteristics of fouling organisms using a low current, high frequency high voltage pulse power, not toxic compounds.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1999

Most educational Web contents developed so far can be regarded' as another type of printed textbooks since they are made up of static lists of textual information. It results in a lack of capability in such educational viewpoints as interaction between students and/or teachers, self-directed learning of individual students, and so on. This paper proposes a new style of Web contents, which can improve the self-directed learning capabilities as well as the interaction between students, with the topic of "the life cycle of frog" that the student studies in the third year of elementary school. It has been designed to provide BBS and a studying material appropriate to the achievement level of individual students, and implemented with DHTML and Java.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1559-1565
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• 2004

Railway system is consisted of various resources such as rail-line, signal, and railcar. It is necessary to efficiently utilize these limited and expensive resources as much as possible up to given line capacity. So far, we treat the line capacity as the criteria for evaluating investment alternatives or for restricting train frequencies, and this criteria is calculated statical and experimental numerical formula. But, line capacity has special attribute that changes dynamically according to operational conditions, so there is a need of new line capacity estimation system. In this paper, we present an improved systematic line capacity model. The proposed model has three main components ; TPS(tain performance simulator), PES (parameter evaluation simulator), LCS(line capacity simulator). The concept of each sub-component is described, including the evaluation method of capacity parameters. And capacity parameter evaluation and estimation results using sample line section data are presented.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.272-279
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• 2003

There are two methodologies to increase transport capacity of railway. One is to invest railroad equipment or vehicles, and the other is to improve operation efficiency through optimization. All of these is intended to increase transport capacity by improving the line capacity, So far, we treat the line capacity as the criteria for evaluating investment alternatives or for restricting train frequencies, and this criteria is calculated statical and experimental numerical formula. But, line capacity has special attribute that changes dynamically according to operational conditions, so there is a need of new line capacity estimation system. Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI) proposed a new line capacity estimation system based on the probability simulation method. In this research. we perform analysis of line capacity for the railway improvement alternatives, and to represent the results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1368-1370
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• 2005

Satellite is operated only with internal battery when separated from rocket. Internal battery is charged only from SAR(solar Array Regulator), solar cell. So battery will be exhausted and purpose of satellite will be failed if load module is out of order or short. This paper proposed real time current limiter which operated by telemetry of outer processor. This current limiter operates by control signal simultaneously cuts off over current by self over current sensing circuit. So it can reduce waste of battery energy and over load of outer processor.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.130.1-130.1
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• 2003

As a potent antigen presenting cells and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity, dendritic cells(DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. Unlike solid tumors, leukemia is the hematologic malignancy involving immune effector cells. The expected usage of DCs in leukemia is the treatment of minimal residual disease(MRD) after the remission or stem cell transplantation. In this study, syngeneic leukemia cells were inoculated intra-venously into the mouse (WEHI-3 into the Balb/c), and the autologous tumor cell lysate pulsed DCs were injected as a therapeutic module twice in two weeks. (omitted)

• 분석과학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2007

1998~2004년 봄철에 한라산 1100 고지에서 $PM_{2.5}$ 미세입자를 채취하여 수용성 성분을 분석하였다. 연구기간의 연도별 $PM_{2.5}$ 질량농도는 $13.4{\pm}9.6{\sim}21.7{\pm}20.0{\mu}g/m^3$의 범위를 보였고, 이온 성분들의 농도는 nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ > $NH{_4}{^+}$ > $NO{_3}{^-}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $K^+$ > $Na^+$ > $Cl^-$ > $Mg^{2+}$ 순으로, nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ ($3.41{\pm}2.42{\mu}g/m^3$)이 가장 높았다. 이차 오염물질인 $NH{_4}{^+}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO{_3}{^-}$의 농도는 각각 0.60~1.50, 2.86~4.42, $0.24{\sim}1.57{\mu}g/m^3$로 전체 이온 성분의 88%를 차지하였으나 해양 기원의 성분들은 5 % 미만의 조성을 보였다. nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$은 $NH{_4}{^+}$, $K^+$과 높은 상관성을 보였으나 $NO{_3}{^-}$과의 상관성은 상대적으로 낮았고, $NH{_4}{^+}$과 nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$은 미세입자에서 $(NH_4)_3H(SO_4)_2$와 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 형태로 존재하고 있는 것으로 추정된다. 역궤적 분석을 실시한 결과, $NH{_4}{^+}$과 nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$이 동시에 고농도일 때 기단은 중국에서 발원되어 중국 동부에서 장시간 정체되었다가 제주 지역으로 유입되었다. 또 발생기원이 서로 다른 $NO{_3}{^-}$과 nss-$Ca^{2+}$의 농도가 높을 때 기단은 중국 또는 시베리아에서 발원하여 중국 동부를 거쳐 제주지역으로 이동한 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

Present Saam acupuncture can be divided into two types of Therapeutic part that is composed of physiology, pathology, classification of the symptoms, treatment and Experiential part that is composed of clinical case. Therapeutic part is authored by Saam and experiential part is authored by Ji-san. Experiential part is based on therapeutic part, but it has been changed. So, Measuring "chapter10. Saam acupuncture(apply to therapeutic part)" against "chapter11. Clinical case of Ji-san(apply to experiential part)", Author get to know that experiential part of Saam acupuncture has been changed. "chapter10. Saam acupuncture(apply to therapeutic part)" and "chapter11. Clinical case of Ji-san(apply to experiential part)" belong to "TaeHanUiHakJeonJip Acupuncture part" that is similar to manuscript of Saam acupuncture. The following is changed situation of Saam acupuncture. First, While the theory of Jeong form is already established in therapeutic part, the theory of Seung form is established in experiential part. So, In experiential part, they are equal in their relations. Second, In experiential part, the term that is named 'prescription of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$' has been used since experiential part. Third, Some of spots on the body suitable for acupuncture mentioned in therapeutic part are omitted in experiential part. And to conclude, experiential part play a large role in the establishment and change of early Saam acupuncture.