• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.671-675
• /
• 1992

This experiment was carried out to establish a proper method of indocyanine green(ICG) excretion test for a applicable liver function test in dogs. The half life(T1/2), fractional clearance rate(KICG) and retention rate after injection of ICG with or without administred carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) were also invested. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The maximum absorbance of ICG in plasma was at 810nm. 2. Half life and fractional clearance rate when administered 0.25 and 0.50mg of ICG per Kilogram body weight were $6.33{\pm}0.58$ minutes and $0.11{\pm}0.99$/minute in the former, $10.01{\pm}1.0$ minutes and $0.07{\pm}0.007$/minute in the latter, respectively. The ICG removal rate was exponentially linear for the first 15 minutes after injection both, of 0.25 and 0.50mg of ICG. 3. One day following the administration of $0.0042m{\ell}\;CCl_4$ kilogram body weight which injected 0.50mg of ICG, half life was more longer and fractional clearance rate was significantly reduced than that of ICG single injection. 4. Plasma retention rate when 15, 30, 45 minutes after injection dose of 0.25 and 0.50mg ICG per Kilogram body weight, $14.7{\pm}4.8$, $5.1{\pm}3.1$, $2.6{\pm}1.6%$ in the former, $26.9{\pm}1.8$, $11.1{\pm}2.4$, $4.8{\pm}1.3%$ in the latter, respectively. However, after administration of $CCl_4$, plasma retention rate of ICG at a dose of 0.50mg, it was $39.3{\pm}0.9$, $16{\pm}2.9$, $10.7{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. 5. Plasma enzyme(AST, ALT, r-GTP) activities administered with $CCl_4$ were increased, but there was no change which injected any dose of single ICG injection. From these results, ICG excretion test to dog is applicable to evaluation of liver function in both clinical and research.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2007

The present study evaluated the effect of various dosages of soybean isoflavone extract on body weight changes, glucose tolerance and liver function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. One group of normal rats (normal control) was fed an AIN-76-based experimental diet and four groups of diabetic rats were fed the same diet supplemented with four different levels of soybean isoflavone extract for seven weeks. The daily dosages of pure isoflavone for four diabetic groups were set to be 0 mg (diabetic control), 0.5 mg (ISO-I), 3.0 mg (ISO-II) and 30.0 mg (ISO-III) per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The daily consumption of isoflavone at the level of 3.0mg per kilogram of body weight resulted in the suppression of body weight loss and increased the survival rate of diabetic animals one and half times compared to that of the diabetic control group. Blood glucose levels in a fasting state and after the oral administration of glucose were significantly lower in the ISO-II group during the oral glucose tolerance test. The ISO-II group showed a tendency to elongate the gastrointestinal transit time. The activity of serum aminotransferases, indicator of liver function, was not negatively affected by any intake level of isoflavone. The present study demonstrated that the soybean isoflavone extract may be beneficial to diabetic animals by improving their glucose tolerance and suppressing weight loss without incurring hepatotoxicity at the daily dosage of 3.0 mg per kg of body weight.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.304-308
• /
• 2005

The effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on various oxidative stress responses in liver, kidney and gill tissues of freshwater bagrid catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco were investigated under laboratory conditions. Bagrid catfish were intraperitoneally injected with sunflower seed oil containing nominal concentrations of 0, 300 or 900mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight for 3 days and the effects after last injection were assessed in liver, kidney and gill tissues of the exposed organisms. The oxidative stress responses of fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). After exposure to the DEHP, there were significant decrease in GR, GPx activity and GSH content in liver of fish exposed to 900 mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, significant decreases in renal GPx and GR activity were observed in the DEHP treatment groups (900 mg $kg^{-1}$ bw). However, no significant difference was observed in any oxidative stress responses in gills between the DEHP-treated and the untreated group of fish. The findings of the present investigation show that DEHP induce oxidative stress and the liver was the most affected organ followed by the kidney and gills. Furthermore, the changes of GPx and GR activities may be important indicators of oxidative stress responses but additional study is required to confirm the oxidative stress of DEHP.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.731-741
• /
• 1996

ELISA kit for cortisol was developed and then evaluated. Polyclonal antihydrocortisone-3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime BSA rabbit serum was used to coat the 96-well microplates. The minimum detection limit of the kit was 250pg of cortisol per milliliter. The within-run variation and the day to day variation of the ELISA system were 2.0 and 5.9 at maximum, respectively. The kit was used to determine whether salivary cortisol concentration could replace blood cortisol concentration in dexamathasone suppression test of dogs. Changes of cortisol concentration were measured in serum or saliva after intravenous administration of 0.01mg of dexamethasone per kilogram of body weight. Blood alone, saliva alone or both were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes after injection of dexamethasone. The change in blood cortisol concentration was found to be suitable in dexamathasone suppression test of dogs, but the change in salivary cortisol concentration was not. The kit was also used to determine whether salivary cortisol concentration could be a stress index as well as blood cortisol concentration in dogs. Two types of trial were performed to estimate the stress either by blood or salivary cortisol concentration. The first trial was stress experiment by intravenous injection of 0.2IU of PZI-insulin per kilogram body weight. Either blood alone or saliva alone was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after insulin administration. Both blood and salivary cortisol concentration were found to be suitable index in estimating stress from hypoglycemia by injection of insulin. The second trial was stress experiment by electrical irritation. The dogs were irritated with anti-bark device for 10 seconds. Blood was collected before and at 2 and 5 minutes after electrical irritation. Saliva was collected before and at 3 and 6 minutes after electrical irritation. The blood cortisol concentration, but not the salivary cortisol concentration was found to be suitable index in estimating stress from electrical irritation. Cushing syndrome in a dog was also successfully diagnosed with this kit.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.110-122
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study was conducted to quantify chronic lead exposure from various media(ie. working environment, food, ambient air), and to certify the usefulness of exposure assessment using Monte-Carlo simulation in the fields of occupational health. Methods : Data were obtained from Korean Industrial Health Association, Korea Food and Drug Administration, and the Ministry of Environment. Then lead worker's exposure was estimated indirectly from various media and parameters (ie. volume inhaled, body weight, dietary intake, etc.). Uncertainty was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation with Crystal Ball software. Exposure doses and hazard indices were simulated with various hypothetical scenarios including weekly working hours and respiratory protective equipment. Results : Without respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight of lead workers was estimated as $5.45{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated as 2.26, and exposure contributions were calculated as follows : working environment(82.42 %); foods(17.57 %); and ambient air(0.01 %). But, if working condition has changed - reduction of working hours and using respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight was estimated between $1.34{\times}10^{-3}-1.49{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated between 0.56 - 0.62. Conclusions : This study suggested that occurrence of hazardous impact(ie. increased blood pressure) through lifetime lead exposure would be expected, and that the Monte-Carlo simulation was useful for the fields of occupational health.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2020

Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) uses large amount of SF₆, one of the potent greenhouse gases, in electric equipment for electrical insulation. KEPCO is developing SF₆ recovery and purification technology to minimize the release of SF₆ into the environment, to secure certified emission reduction, and to save purchase cost of new SF₆ by reusing the refined SF₆. A prototype SF₆ purification system using cryogenic solidification technology has been built in demonstration scale. To evaluate the feasibility of the commercialization, the system has been operated to purify large amount of used SF₆ in a long-term operation and the performance has been economically evaluated. The system was stable enough for commercial operation such that it was able to purify 5.4 tons of used SF₆ from power transmission equipment in 2-month operation. Over 99% of the SF₆ was recovered from the used gas and the purity of the purified gas was over 99.7 vol%. The operation cost, which is the cost of refrigerant (liquid nitrogen), electricity and labor, per kilogram of purified SF₆ was 6,526 KRW. Considering the price of new SF₆ in Korea is about 15,000 KRW per kilogram this year, about 56% of the purchase cost can be saved.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 2008

The present study evaluated the effects of various dosages of soybean isoflavone extract on lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The one normal control group was fed an AIN-76-based experimental diet and four diabetic groups were fed the same diet, supplemented with four different levels of soybean isoflavone extract for seven weeks. The daily dosages of pure isoflavone for four diabetic groups were set to be 0 mg (diabetic control), 0.5 mg (ISO-I), 3.0 mg (ISO-II) and 30.0 mg (ISO-III) per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The plasma total cholesterol levels and the TBA-reactive substances contents in the liver and kidney were significantly lowered in ISO-II and ISO-III groups compared to those in the diabetic control group. The levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol, plasma vitamin A and hepatic superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in those two groups compared with the diabetic control group. The present study demonstrated the possibility that the diets supplemented with 3.0 mg and 30.0 mg of soybean isoflavone extract may have beneficial effects on the plasma lipids, tissue lipid peroxidation and partly on antioxidant system in diabetic animals and there were no significant differences between the ISO-II and ISO-III groups. The results suggest that the effective daily dosage level of isoflavone for improving lipid metabolism in diabetic rats may be above 3.0 mg per kilogram body weight.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 1996

In order to detect the T-2 toxin accumulation in the animal tissues, T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides M-1-1, was injected to mouse by 0, 1 and 2 mg per kilogram of body weight, respectively, and T-2 toxin extracted from serum and organs were analyzed by the indirected competitive ELISA. The indirect competitive ELISA established in the laboratory can be check less than 0.1 ppb level of T-2 toxin and average recovery of T-2 toxin spiked was 80~113% in animal samples such as serum, liver and kidney. After 6 weeks of treatment with 2 mg of T-2 toxin per kg body weight, T-2 toxin was accumulated in serum (133.0 ng/ml), liver(1.4 ng/g) and kidney(14.3 ng/g) of mouse injected with 2 mg of toxin per kg body weight.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.286-291
• /
• 1984

To assess the correct role of operation in the management of bronchiectasis, two hundred and fifteen patients with bronchiectasis seen at the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Dept. of Catholic Medical College in Korea between 1972 & 1981 were reviewed and studied the combined disease [Pulmonary tuberculosis, paranasal sinusitis and general nutrition]. The result were as follows: 1.The incidence ratio of male to female was 1.8:1 & the age of second decade occupied 4596 of the total. 2.Bronchiectasis may occur in any lobe, however the vast majority of the cases are occur in dependent portion of the lung - basilar segment of the lower lobes, middle lobe, and lingular segment. Isolated upper lobe bronchiectasis is commonly associated with tuberculosis. 3.The bronchiectasis combined with the paranasal sinusitis was 25 patients [11.6%] in our cases and these occurred usually in both lower lung fields. 4.The average body weight of bronchiectasis patients were about 10 kilogram less than compairing to predicted normal body weight of Korean healthy person.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 1984

Although the conventional methods of cardiopulmonary bypass for open heart surgery have been employed, it has been usual method to repair of congenital heart disease in infancy using deep hypother-mia and circulatory arrest technique. In 1980, we reported total correction of congenital heart disease using surface induced hypothermia-total circulatory arrest and rewarming with limited cardiopulmonary bypass. in 1981, three patients below 10 kilogram, who had ASD and PDA, and two of VSD with pulmonary hypertension were operated on using simple deep hypothermia without cardiopulmonary bypass. During surface cooling, there were no ventricular fibrillation and arrhythmia. There were no difficulties to resuscitate the heart. Postoperative respiratory and neurologic complication were not occurred. Follow up examination for two to three years gave no evidence of cerebral damage due to circulatory arrest.