• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2002

Fresh bamboo (Phyllostachys bambuoides sieb. et zucc.) was charred at the mechanical steel kiln and traditional earth kiln with subsequent condensation of its smoke to 10$0^{\circ}C$. It was settled down for 12 months to remove tar components and then the middle layer of the liquid was collected as a bamboo smoke distillates to analyze its chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics for use as food additives or processing aids. The gravity, transmittance, reflectivity, and viscosity were 1.008, 89.05%, 1.36%, and 12.48 cp in the bamboo smoke distillates processed by mechanical steel kiln (MBSD) and 1.012, 98.33%, 1.34% and 9.05 cp in the bamboo smoke distillates by traditional earth kiln (TBSD), respectively. The color of TSBD was brighter than that of MBSD. The pH and titratable acidity, tar and remains were 3.55 and 2.830%, 2.803% and 0.671%, respectively, in the MBSD and 2.93 and 3.470%, 0.051% and 0.004%, respectively, in the TBSD. The major phenolic compounds of bamboo smoke distillates (BSD) were phenol, Ο-cresol, p-cresol, and guaiacol and the major organic acids were acetic acid, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, and n-butyric acid, and major alcohols were methanol, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol. The contents of phenolic compound and alcohol were more in MBSD than in TBSD whereas the content of organic acid was more in TBSD than in MBSD. Therefore, toxic compounds for the human body, such as methanol from BSD should be removed for use as a food ingredient in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.719-724
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• 2002

Fresh bamboo was charred in the mechanical steel kiln and traditional earth kiln, and then its smoke was condensed to produce bamboo smoke distillates (BSD). BSD made by mechanical steel kiln (MBSD) was purified by distillation. There is significant difference (p<0.05) in total phenol content among them, 663.40 ppm in MBSD, 571.62 ppm in PMBSD, and 485.16 ppm in TBSD. The nitrite scavenging activity and electron donation ability of BSDs were measured and the content of total phenol content was determined. The nitrite scavenging activity of BSD increased with increasing concentration of BSD at the same pH and decreased with increasing pH. There is significant difference (p<0.05) in nitrite scavenging activity among MBSD, purified MBSD (PMBSD), and BSD made by traditional earth kiln (TBSD) and the activity was the highest in MBSD and the lowest in TBSD. The electron donationg ability of BSDs increased with increasing the concentration of BSD and the reaction time. There is significant difference in the electron donation ability of BSDs at the same period and different concentration among the BSDs, the highest in MBSD and the lowest in TBSD.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to develop a physical treatment method for obtaining iron concentrate with a grade higher than 60% from slag generated in the Waelz Kiln (WK) process. The size of the WK slag used in this work was several millimeters, with T-Fe and ZnO contents of 40.24% and 1.03%, respectively. The slag samples were pulverized in a laboratory rod mill for various grinding times, followed by a magnetic separation test under a low magnetic intensity of 0.05 T initially. The results showed that the highest iron grade was obtained from samples with a grinding time of 10 min. Additionally, for a grinding time of 20 min, the highest grade and recovery ratios were achieved at a magnetic intensity of 0.8 T. Based on these findings, the optimal physical treatment process proposed in this study resulted in iron concentrates with a grade of 61.34% and an enrichment ratio of 1.52.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.208-223
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• 2023

This article was prepared for the purpose of reviewing maintenance plans and strategies for designating the celadon kiln site in Banam-ri, Gochang, a monument designated by the city and province as a historical site. Prior to the discussion, the high academic potential of this site, which is attracting attention as a main point of early celadon main point, was explained, and expectations for the future designation of the monument were reviewed. Next, the current status of preservation and maintenance plans of the celadon kiln site in Banam-ri, Gochang were examined. In particular, the current preservation situation was reviewed through an on-site survey on how the ruins, which have not been designated as a monument, should be maintained for historical designation in the future. Above all, it was argued that it was necessary to conduct excavation and literature surveys to clarify the characteristics of the ruins, investigate the surrounding areas, improve information facilities for visitors, and carry out promotion in connection with them. Finally, the definition of historical sites and the status of historical designation of ceramic kilns, along with the strategies necessary for designation, were presented. In particular, the examples of the existing historical designated celadon kiln site in Dotong-ri, Jinan, and Buncheong Kiln Site in Undae-ri, Goheung were reviewed, and three types of excavation surveys, literature surveys, and academic conferences were presented as the target directions for historical designation. The result of the excavation survey is the basis for suggesting that it has cultural property values with completeness, authenticity, and identity. The literature survey is the basis for supplementing the historical and cultural character of the remains that have not been revealed by excavation. The academic conference explained that it is an opportunity to understand the nature and value of cultural assets, such as the location of cultural assets, the status of relics, and events related to relics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.559-562
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• 2000

This study is about the compensation of early age strength on mortar and concrete admixed with blast-furnace slag powder. For study, we have used fine powder of gypsum and kiln dust from cement factory. According to the test results, we have obtained proper mixing ratio of slag powder, gypsum and kiln dust for the compensation of early age strength on mortar and concrete property.

• Cement
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• s.64
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• pp.4-10
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• 1976

(1) 연와제조업자가 제시하는 화학적 물리학적 data는 축로 부분의 연와 무게 결정, 열전도 및 팽창 등의 조정에 관한 기본적인 data만 제시되어 있다. 그밖의 data로 내화도 및 냉간파괴강도 data를 표기한 것은 연와 수용가들에게는 실제 무의미한 data이다. Spalling 저항성은 실제 화학적인 영향에 의해서 유동적이기 때문에 동시험은 잘하지 않는다. (2) 물리화학적인 선택표준으로서 m.p diagram을 사용하는 것이 연와재질을 쉽게 평가할수 있는 방법이다. (3) Kiln과 비슷한 운전상태로 조그마한 모형 kiln을 이용하여 시험하면 상태는 잘 나타나지는 못하지만 좋은 자료를 얻을 수 있다. (4) 신품 마그네사이트 연와와 사용 마그네사이트 연와에 관한 열적-기계적, 열적-기계적-화학적인 복합 연구를 해보면 시멘트 키른 연와에 관한 좋은 자료를 얻을 수 있다.

• Cement
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• s.30
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• pp.53-56
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• 1969

• Cement Symposium
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• s.38
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• pp.102-108
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• 2011

• Cement
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• s.37
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• pp.25-39
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• 1970

• Cement Symposium
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• no.5
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• pp.68-78
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• 1977