• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

현미경적 다발성 동맥염은 폐출혈과 급속 진행성 사구체신염을 특징으로 하는 전신성 혈관염의 일종으로 소아에서 매우 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 폐출혈과 급성신부전을 동반한 7년 9개월된 여자 환아에서 신장조직 검사와 p-ANCA(perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies) 검사로 현미경적 다발성 동맥염을 진단할 수 있었으며 이후 methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy와 cyclophosphamide, 4회의 혈장 교환 치료를 병행하였다. 환아 내원 당시 BUN 117 mg/dL, Cr 2.3 mg였으나 입원 제 60병일째 BUN 20.8 mg/dL, Cr 1.6 mg 으로 감소하고 혈뇨, 단백뇨는 지속되었으나 폐출혈 소견 호전되고 전신상태 양호하여 현재 외래 추적 관찰 중에 있다. 이에 국내외의 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

Objective: Leejung-tang (Rechu-to in Japanese) is a traditional Korean herbal formula used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as vomiting, stomach pain, chronic gastritis and gastrointestinal ulceration. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of Leejung-tang water extract (LJT) by a single oral dose in Crl:CD (SD) rats in compliance with current guidelines. Methods: In the preliminary study, there were no adverse effects such as death, clinical signs, and body weight changes at dose levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day body weight. Based on the results, a dose of 2000 mg/kg was selected as the toxicological limited dose. LJT was administered once by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. During the study period, mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were observed for 14 days following the administration. On day 14 after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed by carbon dioxide overdose and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results: In present study, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs and body weight changes. In addition, there were no observed gross findings in all groups except for a kidney cyst in the 2000 mg/kg/day female group. Conclusion: The results indicated that LJT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats and its median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body weight for both genders.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic effect of Angelica acutiloba on allergic dermatitis, which Angelica acutiloba is traditionally known to have antiinflammatory effects. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups: normal control group, experimental allergic dermatitis group (vehicle group), low dose of Angelica acutiloba extract (low-dose group), high dose of Angelica acutiloba extract (high-dose group), and antihistamine treated group with experimental dermatitis (antihistamine group). Total leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil counts were significantly higher in the vehicle group than in the control group, but these variables were significantly lower in the low- and high-dose groups than in the vehicle group. The platelet/lymphocyte ratio in the red blood cell index was significantly lower in the low- and high-dose groups than in the vehicle group. Low and high doses of the Angelica acutiloba extract did not have toxic effects on liver and kidney. Serum NO, iNOS and levels were highest in the vehicle group but significantly lower in the low- and high-dose groups, especially in the high-dose group. The results of this study suggested that the Angelica acutiloba extract had the effect of alleviating or treating the experimental allergic dermatitis, and it was concluded that the high dose was more effective.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the toxicity of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (ASN) pharmacopuncture. Methods: To investigate the toxicity of ASN pharmacopuncture, single and 4-week repeated dose toxicity experiments were conducted on BALB/c mice. In the single-dose toxicity experiment, mice were assigned 1 of 4 groups (5 males, 5 females per group). Then, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 mg/kg of ASN pharmacopuncture were administered to the mice in the experimental groups at acupoint ST36, while 0.2 mL of normal saline was administered to the control group at ST36. After a 4-week repeated dose regimen, the mice were assigned into 4 groups (5 males, 5 females per group). Then, 15.625, 31.25, and 62.5 mg/kg of ASN pharmacopuncture at ST36 were administered to the mice in the experimental groups, while 0.2 mL of normal saline was administered to the control group at ST36. Mortality, morbidity, general body and organ weight changes (after 4 weeks repeated dose), serum hematological and biochemical values, and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were observed. Results: In both single and 4-week repeated dose toxicity experiments, no deaths or symptoms occurred in any of the groups. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of body and organ weights, serum hematological and biochemical values, and specific organ histopathological changes. Conclusion: ASN pharmacopuncture injection did not demonstrate significant toxicity in BALB/c mice compared with the control group, with a no-observed-adverse-effect level for a single dose of >125 mg/kg, and for 4 weeks repeated dose it was more than 62.5 mg/kg/day.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2002

We investigated the long term effects of Sopungsungi-won (SP), a Korean traditional formula used for senile constipation and diabetes mellitus, on the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. ZDF rats were fed regular laboratory chow mixed with SP or rosiglitazone (RSG) for an 8-week period. Kidney hypertrophy was developed with increasing plasma glucose level, and glomerular hypertrophy was improved by 22% and 45% in SP- and RSG-treated rats, respectively. Urinary glucose and albumin excretions were also significantly lower in SP-treated rats than in ZDF control rats. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ (TGF ${\beta}1$)-fibronectin pathway in kidney, responsible for glomerular dysfunction, was markedly blunted by SP treatment in a dose dependent manner. Our findings, for the first time, provide strong evidence that long-term administration of SP formula prevents the development and progression of DN in ZDF rats. Human trials are needed to confirm these experimental results.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 1995

This study is performed to find out the effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity. The experimental mice were divided into 6 gruops such as control group, cadmium alone treatment group, selenium treatment groups and two simultaneous treatment groups of selenium and cadmium. Mice were given intraperitoneal administration with two dosage of sodium selenite such as 1.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg body weight and cadmium chloride was administered 3.0 mg/kg body weight. After giving the challenge dose, the concentration of cadmium and metallothionein and histopathological change of liver and kidney were determined. The results were summarized as follows on 1. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in kidney and iiver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only(P<0.05). 2. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium more increased metallothionein concentration compared to administration of cadmium only. 3. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium more decreased cadmium concentration in urine compared to the administration of cadmium only. 4. When liver and kidney tissues were observed with optical microscope, no obvious changes were visible in those tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1992

Central cardiovascular effects of bradykinin were examined in anesthetized normotensive (NTR) and 2-kidney, 1 clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats (GHR). Bradykinin ($0.5{\sim}10nmol$) was administered into the right lateral cerebral ventricle, while blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored. In both NTR and GHR, intracerebroventricular bradykinin produced a dose dependent increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) without significant changes in HR. GHR were more sensitive in the pressor response than NTR. The pressor response to bradykinin was attenuated by treatment with hexamethonium (2.5mg/kg/min, IV) or phentolamine (2mg/kg, IV) in both NTR and GHR. Reserpine treatment (2mg/kg/day, intramuscularly,2 days) did not affect the central pressor effect of bradykinin in NTR but it attenuated the pressor effect in GHR. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saralasin ($20{\mu}g$/kg/min, IV) was without effects on the pressor response to bradykinin. These results indicate that the central pressor effect of bradykinin is, at least in part, due to excitation of the autonomic nervous activity. Mechanisms other than the enhanced sympathetic nervous activity ran. not be ruled out, However. It is also suggested that the sensitivity to bradykinin is increased in the GHR.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2015

Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine group, is commonly used in management of hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction. Amlodipine overdose, characterized by severe hypotension, arrythmias, and pulmonary edema, has seldom been reported in Korean literature. We report on a fatal case of amlodipine intoxication with complications including rhabdomyolysis and oliguric acute kidney injury. A 70-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension was presented at the author's hospital 6 hours after ingestion of 50 amlodipine (norvasc) tablets (total dosage 250 mg) in an attempted suicide. Her laboratory tests showed a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, with elevated serum creatine phosphokinase and myoglobin. The patient was initially treated with fluids, alkali, calcium gluconate, glucagon, and vasopressors without a hemodynamic effect. High-dose insulin therapy was also started with a bolus injection of regular insulin (RI), followed by continuous infusion of RI and 50% dextrose with water. Despite intensive treatment including insulin therapy, inotropics, mechanical ventilation, and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, the patient died of refractory shock and cardiac arrest with no signs of renal recovery 116 hours after her hospital admission.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.380-393
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the effect of Chekambohyulansin-tang (CST) which was a traditional poly-herbal formula has been used for treatment of obesity in Korea, on the obesity in ovariectomized rats, the changes of body weight, peri-kidney, abdominal and perineal subcutaneous fat weight and their histological changes were measured with the detection of number and/or size of adipocytes after an oral administration of CBT extracts (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). CBT significantly attenuated elevations in the body weight, the absolute and relative weight of peri-kidney, abdominal and perineal fat tissues and decrease the severe hypertrophy, the number of adipocytes, and the diameter of adipocytes of peri-kidney, abdominal and perineal fat tissues in ovariectomized rats in a dose dependent manner. These results provide a story evidence that CBT can playa role in the treatment of obesity induced by ovariectomy. Determination of the specific mechanisms involred toxicological dosage of CBT on obesity will require addition study.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-36
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuycum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the liver and kidney tissues, Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats, Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catajase Jwagyuyeum significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in both liver and kidney, but the enzyme activity was not significantly altered by Woogyuyeum. Treatment in vitro of Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of both herbs may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.