• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.741-752
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• 2005

This study was done to investigate recovery effects of YJT, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Mice were administerd Alloxan to induce diabetes. There body weight and kidney weight changes, BUN, creatinine, glucose, total protein and ALP activity in serum, urinalysis, excretion volume of Na+, K+ in urine were measured. The results were as follows: 1. Increase in body weight and kidney weight and the ratio of kidney to body weight of YJT treated group showed similar results with those of normal group. 2 The BUN, creatinine, ALP activity levels in serum of YJT treated group were similar with those of normal group. 3. The glucose level in serum of YJT treated group was better than that of control group 4. The result of the urinalysis in the group of YJT was almost same as that of control group The above results suggest that YJT partially improves the function of the kidney.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2004

2 Cases of nephrotomy for removal of calculi in dog were referred to veterinary teaching hospital of Konkuk University. In case 1, a 5 year-old, castrated male Yorkshire Terrier dog was referred because of intermittent hematuria, pain in urination for one month. Hematologic and chemical examination showed mild increased BUN and CPK. Radiographic findings revealed radiopaque materials in the urinary bladder, urethra, and left kidney. Retrograde hydropropulsion was performed to move the calculi into the bladder, and cystotomy was done to remove calculi. Nephrotomy was performed to removal of the calculi from the left renal pelvis and calyx. After operation renal function were recovered and preserved. In case 2, a 5 year-old, neutral female Schnauzer dog was referred because of persistant vomiting, anorexia, and celialgia for 20 days. Hematologic and chemical examination showed stress leucogram, moderate azotemia, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased ALP. Radiographic findings revealed enlargement of the left kidney and radiopaque materials in the both of the kidneys. On excretory urography, left kidney was no pyelogram. On ultrasonography, renal tissue was very thin and distended renal pelvis appeared. Nephrectomy of nonfunctional left kidney and nephrotomy for removal of calculi from the right renal pelvis and calyx were done. One week after operation, renal and hepatic functions were recovered. So, in cases of renal calculi, it is necessary that renal calculi are extracted actively as far as the patient's body condition endurable.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2019

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as an effective antiepileptic therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. However, various adverse effects have been reported with use of the KD. We report a case of a child who developed acute tubular necrosis subsequent to therapy with KD. A 5-year-old girl had myoclonic epilepsy with developmental delay. She was under the treatment with antiepileptic drugs since the age of 3 months and on the KD during the past 18 months. Proteinuria persisted intermittently with the initiation of the KD and subsequently increased in the past 2 months. She was admitted with intermittent mild fever, vomiting, and lethargy for the past 3-4 weeks. At the time of admission, she presented with hypertriglyceridemia, heavy proteinuria, renal Fanconi syndrome, and acute kidney injury. Renal sonography showed a marked increase in the size and parenchymal echogenicity of both kidneys. A renal biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis accompanied by early interstitial fibrosis. After the withdrawal of the KD and supportive therapy, without changing other anticonvulsants and their dosages, improvement of renal function was observed. Proteinuria had disappeared after 1 month and kidney size returned to normal after 8 months. It is hypothesized that the KD can induce and/or aggravate the renal tubulointerstitial injury in some patients who are under the treatment with anticonvulsants.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.75.1-75.8
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• 2023

Background: In veterinary medicine, previous studies regarding the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not consistent with each other. Moreover, there has been no study evaluating the relationship between symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration and renal shear wave velocity (SWV) using two-dimensional SWE (2D SWE) in dogs with CKD. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of 2D SWE in dogs with CKD and to assess the relationship between renal SWV and SDMA concentration. Methods: Dogs with healthy kidneys and dogs with CKD underwent 2D SWE and SDMA assay. Renal stiffness was estimated as renal SWV in m/s. Results: SDMA concentration had a weak positive correlation with the left (r = 0.338, p = 0.022) and right renal SWV (r = 0.337, p = 0.044). Renal SWV was not significantly different between healthy kidney and CKD groups in the left (p = 0.085) and right (p = 0.171) kidneys. Conclusions: 2D SWE may could not distinguish between dogs with healthy kidney and dogs with early stage of CKD, but it would be useful for assessing the serial change of renal function in dogs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The effect of BRL 34915, a $K^{+}$ channe$Na^{+}$l opener, on renal function was investigated in anesthetized dog. BRL 34915, when given into the vein, elicited the decrease of urine volume accompanied with the reduction of renal plasma flow (RPF), osmolar clearance ($C_{osm}$) and amounts of sodium excreted into urine ($E_{na}$), whereas reabsorption rate of sodium in renal tubules ($R_{na}$), ratio of $K^{+}$ against $Na^{+}$ in urine ($K^{+}$ /$Na^{+}$) were elevated significantly with a partial fall of mean arterial pressure (MAP). BRL 34915 injected into a renal artery produced the diuretic action along with the increase in RPF $C_{osm}$, $E_{na}$ and amounts of potassium excreted in urine ($E_{k}$), and the decrease in $R_{na}$, reabsorption rate of potassium in renal tubules ($R_{k}$), free water clearance ($C_{H20}$) and $K^{+}/Na^{+}$ ratio in only ipsilateral kidney, however changes of the renal function were not observed in control kidney. BRL 34915 given into carotid artery exhibited the same aspect as changes of renal function induced by intravenous BRL 34915. These results suggest that BRL 34915 has dual effects, renally acting diuretic and centrally acting antidiuretic action.n.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.767-775
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Rhei Rhizoma and Carthami Flos combined with Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJTSRC) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Rats were divided into a control group of rats with STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, a sample group of those given SJTSRC, and a normal group. In the experiment diabetic nephropathy was induced by giving STZ(60mg/kg) to rats via the peritoneum, and effects were assessed with measures of serum creatinine, serum BUN, secretion content of albumin and glucose content of urine, malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) content in cortex of kidney. When STZ was injected into sample rat, the value of creatinine and BUN increased validly and STZ did damage to the kidney. When applying SJTSRC to sample rats, the value of serum creatinine decreased validly but the value of serum BUN decreased invalidity. It was confirmed that SJTSRC had an effect on recovery after kidney damage and secretion content of albumin increasedafter administration of SJTSRC but there was no change in glucose content of urine compared with the control group. The decrease of secretion of albumin after injection of STZ was taken to mean progressive diabetic nephropathy, and that reversal of that trend after SJTSRC administration showed that kidney function had improved, not through decreasing blood sugar, but through other factors. Results suggest that diabetic nephropathy was induced by STZ, and SJTSRC was effective in restricting the extent of damage to the kidney and halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy with improvement in levels of serum creatinine and albumin secretion. More study is needed, particularity pertaining to anti-oxidative effects in the kidney cortex.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2005

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA) is the most common major connective tissue disease in children. Renal involvement in JRA is rare. Among the renal lesions that have been reported in JRA, amyloidosis and drug-induced nephropathy are the most common. Crescentic glomerulonephritis in JRA has rarely been reported. We report a case of ANCA-associated pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in JRA. The patient was a 15-year old boy with a 3-year history of JRA. He presented with gross hematuria, proteinuria, positive p-ANCA and elevation of BUN and creatinine. Pathologic findings revealed focal necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. There were no significant immunoglobulin or complement deposits. His renal function recovered after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy and oral steroid use. In Korea, this is the first reported case of pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in JRA. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:231-236)

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

To consider the iliac fossa as the vascular anastomosis site of kidney transplantation for the short-term study of acute rejection in pigs. Twelve domestic pigs weighing 39~48 kg underwent heterotopic renal allgraft transplantation. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups in terms of renal vascular anastomosis site; the external iliac artery and vein were used in iliac fossa model (n = 6), the abdominal aorta and the caudal vena cava inferior to the kidney were used in abdominal cavity model (n = 6). Renal function was evaluated by daily measurement of plasma creatinine and BUN concentrations. The experiments' health including postoperative complications was also assessed daily for 8 days after transplantation. After euthanazation gross and histopathologic analysis was performed. All six pigs in iliac fossa model developed neuropraxia and lameness of the ipsilateral pelvic limb. However, no necrosis was observed in any pigs. In the abdominal cavity model, durations of both the surgical operation and the vascular anastomosis were significantly longer than those in the iliac fossa model. Furthermore, ischemia injury of the transplanted kidney was increased in abdominal cavity model, which induced accelerated-acute immune response from day 4 after transplantation. Despite of pelvic limb complication, the iliac fossa model showed more advantages including not only less ischemia time related to easy vascular anastomosis, but also less immune response during the acute rejection period. The results indicate that the iliac fossa model may be appropriate to the study of acute rejection in porcine kidney transplantation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2008

Though relatively little is known of the physiology involved, there is reduced kidney activity during hibernation. In this experimental study, male Korean chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus barberi) were maintained in cold conditions ($6^{\circ}C$) for 9 months, in an attempt to mimic conditions occurring during seasonal hibernation. The examination was made to determine changes of glycoconjugates on the kidney after hibernation by lectin histochemistry. The changes of lectin affinities in the kidney categorize into three groups: a) increase ones only in the early hibernation stage b) increase ones during hibernation and c) decrease ones during hibernation. The transient increase of Con A affinity in the proximal convoluted tubules were demonstrated only in the early cold-treated stage, and PNA and Con A in the distal convoluted tubules and DBA and sWGA in the collecting tubules. SBA affinity tended to increase with hibernation in the proximal convoluted tubules, but sWGA affinities were significantly decreased in the all tubule examined with hibernation. The present results suggest that the glycosylation pattern of the kidney undergoes profound changes during hibernation, and is probably associated with transiently reduced renal function.