• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.139-154
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was presented basic data for management of living kidney donor to make bioethical decision. The research subjects were the documents and progress notes of Doctor's and Nurses in medical records related to kidney donation and nephrectomy of 20 kidney donors who received nephretomy at 4 general hospitals in Pusan. The result of this study, a desirable documents to help the living kidney donor might include following : 1st, identification of the donor and the guardian. 2nd, confirmation of the intension of kidney donor which is based on humanity or not and 3rd, a written oath about Nephrectomy. Especially it is more desirable to participate of paramedical personnels such as the religious, the social workers, the counsellors, and etc when assess the motivation of kidney donor and to use of a formulated visual educational materials about renal angiography and nephrectomy which required written consent of kidney donor. Further more, the donor should be educated sufficiently about the kidney itself and procedure for nephrectomy-the anatomical position of kidney, the function of the kidney, the operative maneaver, pre and post operative complication, the prevention of the complication, the possiblity of rejection phenomenon and loss of the transplanted kidney etc. In conclusion, medical team members for kidney transplantation must suggest not only physical problem but also psychological problem And the educated donor ought to have enough time before a making decision and all these process should be recorded in medical records

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

This paper documents a holistic study of the kidney and its symptom. To this end, the relationship between internal organs and its diseases have been studied from th e viewpoint of the connecting role of the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin. The results of this study are as follows; The function of the kidney has specific re lations with the liver, lung, heart, urinary bladder, throat, tongue, chest, sole of the foot, inside of the thigh and waist. These mutual relations reflect the pathological changes of the kidney. So physiological function and symptom of the kidney can be better understood throu gh the connecting role of the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin on the concept of the organism as a whole. This is the key of the clinical treatment based on the precept sof oriental medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.317-330
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• 2022

Purpose To evaluate the various factors that affect renal function following percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy in patients with renal tumors. Materials and Methods Between 2010 and 2018, 91 patients diagnosed with renal tumors using ultrasonography and CT-guided RFA were enrolled. We retrospectively investigated the serum creatinine (SCr) level and estimated glomerular filtration rates immediately prior to RFA and during post-treatment follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of change in SCr level (0.3 mg/dL). Group comparisons were performed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the factors impacting renal function. Results Impaired renal function was associated with solitary kidney, chronic kidney disease (CKD) over stage 3, and pyeloureteral injury. Sex, age, other cancers, tumor size, location, growth pattern, and proximity to the collecting system were not significantly associated with impaired renal function. There was a difference in the overall change over time between the association with and without solitary kidney, CKD stage 3, and pyeloureteral injury. Conclusion Among the medical conditions present prior to RFA, solitary kidney and CKD over stage 3 could be considered as risk factors for impaired renal function. Post-procedural pyeloureteral injury can also be considered a risk factor.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.790-801
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded theory of how families with kidney donor or recipient coped with kidney transplantations. Interview data from twelve families involved in kidney transplants was analyzed using the grounded theory method. Data analysis revealed that “protecting the family” was the main theme that represented family member experiences. In order to maintain family function and to protect the family from breaking up, family members had to adjust the family structure from the traditional style of a husband-centered family, to one that was patient health -centered. The process of this adjustment was a very long and difficult one, taking several years from the recognition of the kidney disease to the kidney transplants. Family members, especially spouses, employed nine different strategies to deal with various problems and conflicts which occurred during the process : 1) paying attention to the patient's illness and complications ; 2) accepting the patient's illness as the family's illness as well ; 3) managing the patient's illness and complications that occured ; 4) being thrifty ; 5)supporting the kidney donor ; 6) accepting and replacing the lost roles of the patient ; 7) keeping composure and encouraging the patient ; 8) sustaining the patient's independence ; 9) self-restraining sexual desires. These findings suggest that there is a developmental process where family members adjust to a kidney transplant over time. There is also a need for increased social and psychological health services for all family members over the course of kidney transplants.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fibers (cellulose ; polydextrose ; pectin ; ricebran) supplementation on the kidney fucntion of hyperlipidemic-induced rats on a high cholesterol diet (5% cholesterol). Serum lipid concentrations were not influenced by dietary fiber sources, but the pectin group was effective in reducing serum lipid levels. Total serum protein and albumin concentrations tended to higher in the polydextrose group, and serum creatinine and urea-N concentrations were higher in the pectin group than those in the other groups. Even though total urinary protein was high in the pectin group, GFR was reduced (18~30% decrease) as compared to other groups. The urea-N level was elevated in the polydextrose group as compared to that of cellulose group(25% increase). Total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the liver of pectin group were lower than those of other groups. Total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in the kidneys were reduced in pectin and ricebran groups, respectively. The total cholesterol concentration infecal was significantly high in the polydextrose and pectin groups(p<0.05), and the triglyceride was highest in the pectin group. These results indicate no significant effects of dietary fiber supplementation on the kidney function of hyperlipidemic-induced rats on a high cholesterol diet, but pectin was very effective to improve lipid metabolism and to reduce GFR.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-29
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of meridian system in oriental medicine and muscular system in western medicine. Methods : Muscles were assigned to meridians by their main functions and the acupoints on them. New mutual relationships between meridians in lower limb were studied based on the muscular function. Results : In gluteal & femoral region, iliopsoas & quadratus femoris are assigned to spleen & stomach meridians, gluteus maximus & hamstrings to urinary bladder & kidney meridians, adductor muscle groups to liver meridian, gluteus medius & minimus & iliotibial tract to gall bladder meridian. In crural region, anterior crural muscles are assigned to stomach meridian, lateral crural muscles to gall bladder meridian, suferficial posterior crural muscles to urinary bladder (& kidney) meridian, deep posterior crural muscles to liver, spleen, kidney meridians. In lower limb, urinary bladder meridian and stomach meridian lead the muscular functions and correspond to each other, while spleen meridian assists stomach meridian, and kidney meridian assists urinary bladder meridian. Conclusions : Muscles may be assigned to meridians by their functions and the acupoints on them. From the view of muscular function, Yang meridians lead Yin meridians in lower limb.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2019

Bilateral renal obstruction is a rare critical condition, requiring a prompt diagnostic approach and treatment to restore the renal function. The most commonly observed obstructive uropathy in children is congenital malformation, such as posterior urethral valves and bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Malignant pelvic masses obstructing the ureter are widely reported in adults but are rarely observed in children. The treatment of ureteral obstruction related to pelvic malignancy is a therapeutic challenge with a median survival duration of 3-7 months in adults; however, pediatric patients with pelvic malignancy leading to ureteral obstruction had better outcomes, with a reported 5-year mortality rate of 20%, than the adult patients. Here, we report a rare case of bilateral ureteral obstruction associated with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma presenting with acute kidney injury treated by ureteral diversion with double J stent, and concommittent emergency hemodialysis, leading to restoration of good renal function. We suggest that bilateral ureteral obstruction should be released as soon as possible using surgical or interventional approach to minimize the obstruction period, and subsequential chemotherapy may contribute to improvement of survival and recovery of renal function.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2019

Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) is patchy or diffuse ischemic destruction of the renal cortex caused by significantly reduced renal arterial perfusion. It is a rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with high mortality. Here, we review the case of RCN in a 15-year-old boy who developed AKI. A 15-year-old boy was referred to our hospital from a local hospital due to a sharp decrease in his renal function. He presented with acute flank pain, nausea with vomiting, and oliguria for the past two days. He had taken a single dose of antihistamine for nasal congestion. At our hospital, his peak blood pressure was 148/83 mmHg and he had a high body mass index of $32.9kg/m^2$. The laboratory data showed a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 28.4 mg/dL, a creatinine of 4.26 mg/dL, and a glomerular filtration rate estimated from the serum cystatin C of $20.2mL/min/1.73m^2$. Proteinuria (spot urine protein to creatinine ratio 1.66) with pyuria was observed. Kidney sonography showed parenchymal swelling and increased renal echogenicity. Due to rapidly progressing nephritis, steroid pulse therapy (750 mg/IV) was done on the second day of his admission and the patient showed complete recovery with normal renal function. However, the kidney biopsy findings revealed renal cortical hemorrhagic necrosis. Multifocal, relatively well-circumscribed, hemorrhagic necrotic areas (about 25%) were detected in the tubulointerstitium. Although RCN is an unusual cause of AKI, especially in children, pediatricians should consider the possibility of RCN when evaluating patients with rapidly decreasing renal function.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2016

$^{99}mTc-MAG_3$ Renal scan is a method that acquires dynamic renal scan image by using $^{99}mTc-MAG_3$ and dynamically visualizes process of radioactive agent being absorbed to kidney and excreted continuously. Once the test starts, ratio in both kidneys in 1~2.5 minutes was measured to obtain split renal function and split renal function can be expressed in ratio based on overall renal function. This study is based on compares split renal function obtained from data acquired from posterior detector, which is a conventional renal function test method, with split renal function acquired from the geometric mean of values obtained from anterior and posterior detectors, and studies utility of attenuation compensation depending on difference in geometric mean kidney depth. From July, 2015 to February 2016, 33 patients who undertook $^{99}mTc-MAG_3$ Renal scan(13 male, 20 female, average age of 44.66 with range of 5~70, average height of 160.40cm, average weight of 55.40kg) were selected as subjects. Depth of kidney was shown to be 65.82 mm at average for left and 71.62 mm at average for right. In supine position, 30 out of 33 patients showed higher ratio of deep-situated kidney and lower ratio of shallow-situated kidney. Such result is deemed to be due to correction by attenuation between deep-situated kidney and detector and in case where there is difference between the depth of both kidneys such as, lesions in or around kidney, spine malformation, and ectopic kidney, ratio of deep-situated kidney must be compensated for more accurate calculation of split renal function, when compared to the conventional test method (posterior detector counting).

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2018

The high mortality rates associated with acute kidney injury are mainly due to extra-renal complications that occur following distant-organ involvement. Damage to these organs, which is commonly referred to as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, has more severe and persistent effects. The brain and its sub-structures, such as the hippocampus, are vulnerable organs that can be adversely affected. Acute kidney injury may be associated with numerous brain and hippocampal complications, as it may alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Although the pathogenesis of acute uremic encephalopathy is poorly understood, some of the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to hippocampal involvement include the release of multiple inflammatory mediators that coincide with hippocampus inflammation and cytotoxicity, neurotransmitter derangement, transcriptional dysregulation, and changes in the expression of apoptotic genes. Impairment of brain function, especially of a structure that has vital activity in learning and memory and is very sensitive to renal ischemic injury, can ultimately lead to cognitive and functional complications in patients with acute kidney injury. The objective of this review was to assess these complications in the brain following acute kidney injury, with a focus on the hippocampus as a critical region for learning and memory.