• Development and Reproduction
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2013

Nesfatin-1/NUCB2, which is associated with the control of appetite and energy metabolism, was reported for the first time to be expressed in the hypothalamus. However, recent studies have shown that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed not only in the hypothalamus, but also in various tissues including digestive and reproductive organs. We also demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the reproductive organs, pituitary gland, heart, lung, and gastrointestinal tract of the adult mouse. However, little is known about nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression in fetal and neonatal mice. Therefore, we examined here the distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in various organs of fetal and neonatal mice and compared them with the distribution in adult mice. As a result of immunohistochemical staining, nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was expressed relatively higher in the lung, kidney, heart, and liver compared to other organs in the fetus. Western blot results also showed that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was detected in the lung, kidney, heart, and stomach. Next, we compared the expression levels of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA in the fetus and neonate with the expression levels in both male and female adult mice. The expression levels in heart, lung, stomach, and kidney were higher compared with other organs in fetal and neonatal mice and in both male and female adult mice. Interestingly, the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA in the kidney was dramatically increased in male and female adult mice compared to fetal and neonatal mice. These results indicate that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 may regulate the development and physiological function of mouse organs. In the future, we need more study on the function of nesfatin-1/NUCB2, which is highly expressed in the heart, lung, and kidney during mouse development.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2016

Diabetic kidney disease is the most common and severe chronic complication of diabetes. The leaf of Diospyros kaki Thumb (persimmon) has been commonly used for herbal tea and medicinal purposes to treat a variety of conditions, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, the effect of persimmon leaf on kidney failure has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the role of persimmon leaf in protecting the diabetes-associated kidney damage in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Mice were fed either a normal chow diet with or without powered persimmon leaf (5%, w/w) for 5 weeks. In addition to kidney morphology and blood markers of kidney function, we assessed levels of oxidative stress markers as well as antioxidant enzymes activities and mRNA expression in the kidney. Supplementation of the diet with powered persimmon leaf not only decreased the concentration of blood urea nitrogen in the plasma but also improved glomerular hypertrophy. Furthermore, the persimmon leaf significantly decreased the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide in the kidney. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the mRNA expression of their respective genes were also increased in the kidney of persimmon leaf-supplemented db/db mice. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with the persimmon leaf may have protective effects against type 2 diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction and oxidative stress.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease is much more important in children and adolescents with a relatively longer remaining life span. A practical way to assess the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease is to measure the change of GFR estimated by formulae. To slow the progression, hypertension and proteinuria have to be controlled strictly, and hypoplastic anemia must be treated with erythropoietin. If not contraindicated, ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker is recommended with monitoring of the side effects. Trials to slow the progression should be commenced as soon as the chronic kidney disease is confirmed and needs to be continued until renal transplantation as long as residual renal function remains. An online system, the Korean Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Registry (http://pedcrf.or.kr/), provides tools that are useful in evaluation and management of the children and adolescents with chronic kidney diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 한국영양학회 1994년도 춘계심포지움 및 발표논문 초록
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• pp.40-40
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• 1994

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2004

In Oriental Medical theory, origin of kidney's weakness or atrophy is shen qi(腎氣) and function of san jiao(三焦) deteriorate, it result in a passage of evacuation is blocked. - In Oriental Medicine, Shen(腎) take charge of storing and evacuating function, by taking qi(氣) of the five viscera and the six bowels. - The cause of reducing of shen qi and san jiao's evacuative function is xu han(Emptiness and Coldness) of the five viscera and the six bowels' activity. So we do not treat only kidney, but we also must focus the five viscera and the six bowels' organic function and ying wei's function. A Renal Failure is similar in symptom to Kwan-kyuk(關格), oliguria or anuria, edema, Hu-son(虛損), Sin-pung(腎風) and Yuk-kuk(六極) in chenxiang(沈香). We grasp symptom of 7 cases of chronic renal failure, and diagnose its pathology based on Sa-jin(四診), and prescribed herbal medicines. And in the point of the chenxiang, we separate two group, Ater one is taken herbal medicine with chenxiang and the other is only taken herbal medicine with no using chenxiang, we compared the rate of treating with only herbal and herbal compounded chenxiang. We repeat medical examination for continuation of effective result, report clinical progress and result which based on this examination.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to understand melanin with both Korean and Western medicine.Methods : We investigated the comprehension of melanin in both western and Korean medicine through literature review and studied relationships between melanin and five viscera(五臟), especially liver(肝), spleen(脾), kidney(腎). We Also studied representative pigmentary disorders(melasma, vitiligo) in western and Korean medicine to figure out how to understand pigmentary disorders in oriental medicine.Results : The results are as follows. 1. Melanin is associate with liver, because free coursing(疎泄) function of liver is the origin of transport melanin to keratinocyte from melanocyte. Also, melanogenesis factors like MITF and CREB are closely associated with liver and pigmentary disorders occur frequently after stress conditions or women. 2. Melanin is absorbed and scattered in keratinocytes by the function of spleen. Pigmentary disorders result from failure of spleen and formation of phlegm-retained fluid(痰飮). 3. Kidney essence(腎精) is the origin of melanin formation. In addition, corticosteroid, the major hormone of melanogenesis is secreted by adrenalin and adrenalin belongs to kidney(腎) in Korean medicine. 4. Melasma is created by disorder of melanin transport and absorbtion, so melasma is associated liver (肝) and spleen(脾). Therefore the treatment for melasma may focus on improvement function of liver and spleen. 5. The destruction of melanocyte or abnormal melanogenesis by disorder of the immune system, metabolic and affective disorders can make vitiligo, so vitiligo is associated with liver and kidney which are major part of melanin formation. Therefore the treatment of vitiligo can focus on improvement function of liver(肝) and kidney(腎).Conclusion : We compared Korean and western medicine to understand melanin. We also interpreted the mechanism of melanin and pigmantary disorders in western medicine and considered the relationship with visceral manifestation theory(臟象論) in traditional Korean medicine. Further studies are needed to apply comprehension of melanin to clinical stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analysis the correlation between kidneys function indicators and these size in ultrasonography. A total of 170 (male:86, female:84) patients of sex and age groups were examined by abdominal ultrasonography. The patients classified as those in their 20's, 30's, 40's, and over 50's. We measured the length, width, and cross-sectional height of the kidneys twice. At this time, the length of these were measured from the maximum upper to the maximum lower pole and the widest width in the same ultrasonography was measured to obtain the cross-sectional area. Other relevant indicators included body surface area, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), MDRD (Modification of diet in renal disease) and C-G (Cockcroft-Gault). Significant comparisons of differences between relevant factors by age groups and sex were conducted with a one-way distribution analysis. Correlation analysis was also performed between relevant factors by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. It was defined as meaningful when the p-value was less than 0.05. As a result, the length, the width, and the cross-sectional area of kidneys were correlated with GFR, C-G, MDRD. Therefore, it is expected that the accuracy of diagnosis of kidneys disease will be increased if the relevant indicators are evaluated together rather than measuring only length of these in ultrasonography.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1969

The direct effect of isoproterenol on renal function, when given intravenously, is usually obscured by its potent hypotensive action. To obviate the latter action, isoproterenol was infused directly into one renal artery of the dog, the other kidney serving as a control for the general action. And following results were obtained. In the first series of experiments, the directic action of isoproterenol was ascertained. $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$. reduced on both kidneys the urine flow, clearances of PAH and creatinine, as well as the amount of sodium excreted, but the effect was weaker on the experimental side than on contralateral side. With $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg/min$., two cases among 6 experiments showed marked diuresis, two cases no apparent effect, and another two marked antidiuresis on the experimental kidney, whereas the contralateral kidney exhibited antidiuresis in all cases. Further reducing the dose unmasked the diuretic action on the ,experimental kidney. In another series, the effects of isoproterenol on the blood flow distribution within the kidney and on sodium concentration gradient within the kidney tissue were observed. $0.05\;{\mu}g/kg/min$ isoproterenol markedly increased the medullary plasma flow and slightly increased total renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, along with concomitant increase in the amount of sodium excreted and osmolar clearance, and decrease in reabsorption of free water. Sodium concentration gradient markedly decreased in the experimental kidney, reaching 2/3 of the value observed in the contralateral kidney at the papilla. It is thus concluded that isoproterenol exerts a diuretic action, when infused directly into a renal artery, and the mechanism of the action rests on its hemodynamic action, substantiated as the increase in glomerular filtration and in the medullary blood flow, resulting in washout of hyperosmolality produced by the coutercurrent multiplier system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권11호
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• pp.422-427
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• 2019

Background: Polyomavirus BK (BKV) infection is an important cause of graft loss in kidney transplant patients. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical findings and risk factors for BKV in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 31 pediatric kidney transplant recipients from January 2002 to December 2017. Two patients received 2 transplantations during the study period, and each transplant was analyzed independently. Total number of cases is 33 cases with 31 patients. BKV infection was confirmed from blood samples via periodic quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The mean age at kidney transplantation was 11.0±4.7 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.7:1. Three patients had a past medical history of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for solid tumors. Nine patients (27.3%) developed BKV infection. The median period from kidney transplantation to BKV detection in blood was 5.6 months. There was no statistically significant difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate between patients with and those without BKV infection. Among 9 patients with BKV viremia, 7 were treated by reducing their immunosuppressant dose, and BKV was cleared in 6 of these 7 patients. In the other 2 BKV-positive patients, viremia improved without immunosuppressant reduction. Conclusion: BKV infection is common in children with kidney transplantation and might not have affected short-term renal function in our patient sample due to early immunosuppressant reduction at the time of BKV detection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

The KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was launched in 2011 with the support of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The study was designed with the aim of exploring the various clinical features and characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Koreans, and elucidating the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes of CKD. For the cohort study, nephrologists at 9 tertiary university-affiliated hospitals participated in patient recruitment and follow-up. Biostatisticians and epidemiologists also participated in the basic design and structuring of the study. From 2011 until 2016, the KNOW-CKD Phase I recruited 2238 adult patients with CKD from stages G1 to G5, who were not receiving renal replacement therapy. The KNOW-CKD Phase II recruitment was started in 2019, with an enrollment target of 1500 subjects, focused on diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive kidney diseases in patients with reduced kidney function who are presumed to be at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. As of 2021, the KNOW-CKD investigators have published articles in the fields of socioeconomics, quality of life, nutrition, physical activity, renal progression, cardiovascular disease and outcomes, anemia, mineral bone disease, serum and urine biomarkers, and international and inter-ethnic comparisons. The KNOW-CKD researchers will elaborate a prediction model for various outcomes of CKD such as the development of end-stage kidney disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death.