• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.254-260
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• 2014

In this study, heavy metals, PCDD/PCDFs, PAHs in wastes generated from thermal processes were analyzed. Waste from lead thermal metalurgy (EWC 10 04) inorganic metal substances in the regulation were detected in the highest concentrations of Pb. EWC 10 04 seems to be a result of the dust. Waste from zinc thermal metalurgy (EWC 10 05) inorganic metal substances in the regulation were detected in high concentration of Zn. EWC 10 05 seems to be a result of the dust. Waste from copper thermal metalurgy (EWC 10 06) Cu in the 651,77 mg/kg to 651 times higher than regulation standard appeared in the copper thermal metallurgy process seems to be a result of dust. The concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs ranged from 0.0005~11.748 ng-TEQ/g in dust, 0.0027 ng-TEQ/g in fly ash. PCDD/PCDFs content was not detected in excessive value in regulation standard. PAHs concentration was in the range of ND~118.9 mg/kg in Naphthalene, ND~9.6 mg/kg in Phenanthrene, ND~48.4 mg/kg in Benzo[b]fluoranthene, ND~62.6 mg/kg in Benzo[a]pyrene, ND~10.7 mg/kg in Fluoranthene, ND~11.5 mg/kg in Benzo[a]anthracene.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 1981

An apparatus for continuous measurements of sorption isotherm of dried food was manufactured to shorten the time required for equilibration. The apparatus was so designed that the temperature, air velocity and relative humidity in the experimental chamber could be controlled. The use of dynamic stream of conditioned air with a velocity of 0.2m/sec, instead of static atmosphere, allowed a faster equilibration of dried filefish muscle at $25^{\circ}C$. The mean time necessary for the equilibration of dried filefish muscle at the water activity of a given state to a higher water activity was about 45 hours. The monolayer moisture content of dried filefish muscle calculated from BET-equation was 0.092 kg water /kg dry matter at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2003

In order to provide data on N-nitrosamine (NA) and sanitation in fish available in domestic markets, this study analyzed the levels of NA and its precursors in 9 samples of sea breams and yellow croakers, 12 samples of red-flesh fish, 38 samples of white fish, 5 samples of Alaska pollacks and cod, and 8 species of imported fish. Sea breams and yellow croakers had nitrite concentrations ranging from non-detectable (ND) to 7.4 mg/kg, red fish ND to 5.3 mg/kg, white fish ND to 18.7 mg/kg, Alaska pollacks 0.3 to 2.2 mg/kg, and imported fish from 0.4 to 12.8 mg/kg. Nitrates in sea breams and yellow croakers ranged from 1.2 to 41.19 mg/kg, red fish 0.6 to 26.1 mg/kg, white fish 4.3 to 75.9 mg/kg, Alaska pollacks 0.4 to 3.1 mg/kg, and imported fish ND to 16.0 mg/kg. DMA concentrations were 69.8 to 219.9 mg/l00 g in sea breams and yellow croakers, 4.1 to 336.3 mg/l00 g in red fish, 1.3 to 331.9 mg/l00 g in white fish, 15.7 to 312.3 mg/l00 g in Alaska pollacks, and 1.0 to 71.8 mg/l00 g in imported fish. TMA concentrations in sea breams and yellow croakers, red fish, white fish, Alaska pollacks and imported fish were 43.8∼496.2, 12.3∼127.0, 2.0∼525.9, 15.4∼122.4, and 4∼70.6 mg/l00 g, respectively. For NA in fish distributed in local markets, only N-nitro-sodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected, and its concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 73.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in sea breams and yellow croakers, 2.2 to 56.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in red fish, ND to 143 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in white fish, 3.8 to 33.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in Alaska pollacks, and 2.1 to 102.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in imported fish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.917-923
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• 1999

To confirm therapeutic functionality of Urechis unicinctus which have been favored as a special seafood in Korea, the antitumor and immunological effect of those glycoprotein were studied. 4mg/kg dose of glycoprotein from Urechis unicinctus was most effective in solid tumor growth inhibition (43.63%) of sarcoma 180 cells. However, in case of mice injected with more than dose of 20mg/kg, tumor growth was not inhibited. The higher prolongation ratios were achieved at levels of 2mg/kg with 31.2% and 4mg/kg with 28.9%. The cytotoxic effect of glycoprotein on sarcoma 180 cells was increased slightly as administering level was increased. Number of total peritoneal exudate cells in all the glycoprotein administered groups increased remarkably meaning that Urechis unicinctus gly coprotein could help to improve immunity. Notable body weight change was not resulted in the glycoprotein treated mice compared with control group, but the ratios of both liver or spleen to body weight were increased in mice injected with 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg. These results suggest that the glycoprotein from Urechis unicinctus could stimulate immunity of the mouse bearing tumor cells. Furthermore, the number of leucocytes was also increased by 38.78% at the dose of 20mg/kg and by 46.30% of control at 40mg/kg, while the lower level of 2mg/kg or 4mg/kg showed no effect in increasing leucocyte number. The biochemical values such as GOT and GPT in serum were not changed in mice injected with glycoprotein in comparision with control group.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1980

Mice were dosed with $HgCl_2$ (5, 10 and 20 mg per kilogram body weight) and $CdCl_2$ (10, 15 and 20 mg per kilogram body weight) by the abdominal injection. Acid phosphatase activites of the liver at 24, 48 and 72 hours following the injection were measured by the Mundry colorimetric method using disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, and the following results were obtained. The enzyme activities measured were 3.47 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr at 24 hr and 5.00mg/ml/0.5 hr at 72hr respectively following the injection of 5 mg/kg body weight of $HgCl_2$ and 6.79 mg Pi/ml0.5 hr at 24 hr and 3.47 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr respectively following the injection of 20 mg/kg body weight of the mercury compound, as compared with the activity of 8.3 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr for the control. With the cadmium treatment, about 50% of the animals injected with 10mg/kg body weight, and none of the animals injected with 15 and 20mg/kg body weight, survived. Of the surviving animals, the sublethal concentration of cadmium was shown to activate the enzyme: the activities at 24, 48 and 72hr following the injection were around 11.2 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr as compared with 8.63 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr for the control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

To estimate annual pollutant loading rate of n-hexane extractable material (HEM) to soil 84 sewage sludge samples were analyzed. The average content of HEM was 27.7$\pm$26.5 g/kg, and ranged from 1.05 to maximum 194 g/kg. According to the number of population of the city the areas were classified as five regions, i.e. big, large, middle, small, and rural area in which the waste water treated plants were grown. The contents of HEM were 22.7$\pm$16.7, 33.3$\pm$25.8, 22.0$\pm$8.7, 31.0$\pm$38.8, 27.7$\pm$25.1 g/kg, in big, large, middle, small, and rural area, respectively. The applicated areas with sewage sludge to land also were divided as 4 sites by US EPA criteria such as agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site. The quantitation of annual pollutant loading rate was estimated using a function (99 percentile concentration = $\bar{X}$ + 3$\sigma$) when the application amounts were in dosages of 7,000, 26,000, 18,000, 74,000 kg/ha in 5 regions, respectively. The annual pollutant loading rate of HEM to soil by sewage sludge application was maximum 1,032, 3,832, 2,653, and 10,908 kg/ha in agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.340-346
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization in job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) on the growth characteristics, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation, and chemical property of soil after harvest. Heading and budding stages were shorter than control but growth periods was increased because of the increase of ripening periods according to the increase of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Number of main culm node and culm diameter was similar but culm length and tiller number per plant were better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications than control but the decrease of grain yield was attributed to the fact that damage by corn borer was 30% in $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment. Some of yield components was better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications but grain number per plant of $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment was greater. So grain yield was the highest ($3,410kg\;ha^{-1}$) at the $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased according to the increase of nitrogen fertilization. Total nitrogen of soil after experiment in 0, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was lower and in 160, $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was higher than that before the experiment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metals in salted vegetable foods from diverse origin in Korea which were sold in Korea. The levels of heavy metals were determined using an ICP-MS. The values of metals [minimum~maximum (mean), mg/kg] in kimchi were as follows; Pb 0.0~0.074(0.018), Cd 0.0~0.027 (0.004), As 0.0~0.024(0.002), Hg 0~0.002(0.0). The weekly average intakes of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury from kimchi take 0.06~0.13% PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) that the FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee has set to evaluate their safeties.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.626-636
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• 2022

Shellfish are exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates that consume various organic and inorganic substances floating in seawater through filter feeding. Heavy metals are known as absorbed and accumulated in seawater. Some of the toxic heavy metals are highly accumulated in seawater, and exposure to them can cause a variety of risks to the human body. Since Koreans like to eat seafood, they are more likely to be exposed to contaminated seafood with heavy metals. In this study, nine types of heavy metals were analyzed on ten different shellfish species in the coastal area of South Korea. The risk assessment was also done on shellfish in which heavy metals were detected. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were identified at an average of 56.7 mg/kg (6.70 to 466 mg/kg) and 13.2 mg/kg (0.064 to 143 mg/kg), respectively. Lead (Pb) average of 0.208 mg/kg (0.000750 to 1.02 mg/kg), cadmium (Cd) average of 0.454 mg/kg (0.0388 to 1.56 mg/kg) and mercury (Hg) average of 0.0266 mg/kg (0.00548 to 0.174 mg/kg) were identified. Additionally, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and silver (Ag) were also identified as average concentrations of 4.02 (0.460 to 15.0 mg/kg), 0.167 (< limit of quantification [LOQ] to 0.820 mg/kg), 0.281 (< LOQ to 1.46 mg/kg), and 0.158 mg/kg (< LOQ to 1.15 mg/kg). The result indicates that the monitoring results of heavy metals in most shellfish satisfied the Korean standard. However, Pb and Cd have exceeded some foreign standards, such as the United States and the EU. The permissible human exposure calculated using the heavy metal intake and detection amount was lower than the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives human safety standard, and the risk of heavy metals from shellfish consumption was at an acceptable level.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.228-239
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of the experiment was to study yeast supplementation (yeast, Y) and dried kratom leaves (DKTL) on the digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in goats. Methods: Four of 7 to 8 months old male crossbred (50% Thai Native-Anglo Nubian) goats with average liveweight 20±0.13 kg were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design to receive four diets ad libitum basis. The study investigated the effects of two levels of yeast (Y) supplementation (Y, 0 and 0.5g/kg dry matter [DM]) along with two levels of DKTL supplementation (DKTL, 0 and 4.44g/kg DM). The experimental groups were as follows: T1 = control group with 0Y+0DKTL, T2 = 0Y+4.44 DKTL, T3 = 0.5Y+0DKTL, and T4 = 0.5Y+4.44 DKTL. Results: The results showed that there were no interactions between Y levels and DKTL levels with respect to total DM intake, but there were significant effects (p<0.05) by levels of Y; goats receiving 0.05 g/kg DM Y had higher than goats fed 0.0 g/kg DM on average (kg/d). A percentage of body weight (% BW) and grams per kilogram of metallic weight (g/kg w^0.75) had no influence on yeast levels and DKTL, but there was a difference (p<0.05) by yeast level Y at 0.5 g/kg DM, being higher compared to the non-supplemented group. Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrition in the form of (DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) was an increased trend in the Y-level complementary group at 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL at 4.44 g/kg DM, respectively. Protozoa populations decreased in the group receiving Y levels at 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL levels at 4.44 g/kg DM when compared to group T1. The acetic acid concentration and methane gas generation decreased (p<0.05) in the group receiving Y levels of 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL levels of 4.44 g/kg DM, while the amount of propionic acid increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Effects of feeding combinations of Y and DKTL supplementation on feed showed no interaction effect (Y×DKTL) on feed intake, rumen fermentation, bacterial and fungi population. The effect on protozoal populations was lower in the group that was supplemented with DKTL at 4.44 g/kg DM related to synthetic CH₄ was reduced.