• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

This study deals with noise occurring in the process of human information transmission. Human process many kinds of information by receiving them from the outside or using their own thought and express the processed information to the outside by acting. In this process, Channel Noise ($C_N$) is defined as the characteristics of noise generating the incomplete result for the external stimulus. To evaluate $C_N$, keyboard-typing experiment has been performed to the 87 subjects. In this experiment, the subject consists of college students who have abundant experience in computer usage. In the experiment, there were some cases that typing order was unconsciously reversed. In this study, we deal with only these cases since these cases can be used as important data to study humans information transmission system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relation between key strike forces and musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). Moreover, this study presents a key strike force measurement method to be used in a workplace setting. The correlation between key strike force characteristics and MSS was previously studied, but the measurement methods used either a single-key switch or force platforms applied under the keyboard. Most of the studies were conducted in a laboratory setting. The uniqueness of measurement methods in the current study is their ability to measure forces applied to a specific key in a workplace setting and to provide more information about specific key strike forces during typing. Methods: Twenty-four healthy computer workers were recruited for the study. The demographic questionnaire, and self-reported questionnaires for psychosocial status (General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work) and for detecting MSS were filled up, which later helped in dividing the participants into two groups (12 participants with pain and 12 without pain). Participants typed a predetermined text that utilized the instrumented keys multiple times. The dynamic forces applied to the keys were recorded and collected, using four thin and flexible force sensors attached to the preselected keys according to their location. Results: The results demonstrated that participants with high levels of MSS, specifically in the back and neck, in the last year exerted significantly higher key strike forces than those with lower levels of symptoms (p < 0.005). Conclusion: The key strike force exerted while typing on a keyboard may be a risk factor for MSS, and should therefore be considered in ergonomic evaluations and interventional programs.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권3호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

전화기 한글자판 표준안은 객관적인 기준에 따라 결정되어야 한다. 타건수와 운지거리는 객관적으로 수량화할 수 있어서 대부분의 자판 설계자들이 인정할 수 있는 기준이기 때문에, 본 연구자들은 타건수와 운지거리의 측면에서 전화기 자판의 한글 입력 효율성을 평가하는 모형을 개발하였다. 이 모형의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 타건속도로 평가하는 다른 모형들과는 달리 타건수의 측면에서 자판의 입력 효율성을 평가한다. 둘째, 타건수를 계산하기 위해서 별도의 말모둠 자료를 사용하지 않고, 1000만 어절 규모의 <고려대학교 한국어 말모둠 1>에서 조사된 연관출현빈도를 직접적으로 사용한다. 셋째, 다른 모형들은 자판에 배정된 기본자모를 대상으로 효율성을 평가하지만 이 모형에서는 67개의 전체 자모집합을 대상으로 타건수를 계산한다. 넷째, 완성키, 채움키 및 받침키와 같은 음절기능키를 사용하는 자판과 이러한 음절기능키를 사용하지 않는 자판을 비교하고 평가할 수 있다. 그러나, 전화기 한글자판의 입력 효율성을 입력 효율성을 정확하게 평가하기 위해서는 타건수와 운지거리뿐만 아니라 논리적인 평가자료와 실험실 연구 결과들도 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2008

Given the industry's unprecedented attention and dedication of resources to voice recognition, this paper introduces and explores a novel idea generation technique whereby ideas are captured directly through verbalization rather than forcing group members to type ideas. A group simulator was used to measure the idea generation performance of individuals who input ideas verbally or via typing in the context of nominal and interacting groups. The results clearly indicate that verbal input represents a more desirable mechanism in a computer-mediated idea generation environment. Liberating group members from the keyboard produces remarkable performance gains. Verbalizing ideas helps individuals focus on analytical thinking and leverage group member ideas, ultimately facilitating the creation of ideas pools that are vastly superior in terms of quantity and quality. These effects were found across nominal and interacting groups. The implications of these results for future research and the design of technologies are discussed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2019

Finger reconstruction involves paramount significance of both functional and aesthetic aspects, due to its great impact on quality of life. The options range from primary closure, skin grafts, local flaps, pedicled flaps, and free flaps. The optimal method should consider various circumstances of the patient and surgeon. We would like to report a case of a young woman who initially presented with cellulitis and necrosis of the left second finger-tip who underwent reconstruction with bilateral toe pulp free flap. The patient could successfully return to her job that involves keyboard typing and playing the piano, with acceptable donor site morbidity.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
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• pp.405-410
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• 2008

There is always a rhythm in our language and speech. As soon as we speech out, even just simple words and voice we make are edited as various emotions and information. Through this process we succeed or fail in our communication, and it becomes a fun communication or a monotonous delivery. Even with the same music, impression of the play can be different according to each musician' s emotion and their understanding. We 'play' our language in the same way as that. However, I think, people are used to the variety, which is, in fact, the variation of a set format covered with hollow variety. People might have been living loosing or limiting their own creative way to express themselves by that hollow variety. SPACIAL POEM started from this point. This is a new type of 'real-time visual interaction' expressing our own creative narrative as real-time visual by playing a musical instrument which is an emotional human behavior. Producing many kinds of sound by playing musical instruments is the same behavior with which we express our emotions through. There are sensors on each hole on the surface of the musical instrument. When you play it, sensors recognize that you have covered the holes. All sensors are connected to a keyboard, which means your playing behavior becomes a typing action on the keyboard. And I programmed the visual of your words to spread out in a virtual 3D space when you play the musical instrument. The behavior when you blow the instrument, to make sounds, changes into the energy that makes you walk ahead continuously in a virtual space. I used a microphone sensor for this. After all by playing musical instrument, we get back the emotion we forgot so far, and my voice is expressed with my own visual language in virtual space.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-120
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the manual workload in repetitive wrist and finger motion. To evaluate manual workload, angular displacement of the joint, EMG of the muscle and subjective rating were studied. Both wrist motion and finger motion were studied. A screw-driving task was used for the wrist motion experiment. A keyboard typing task was used for the finger motion experiment. All finger joint angles and wrist angles were measured by an angle-measuring glove($CyberGlove^{TM}$, Virtual Technologies, Inc.). Surface EMG was recorded from FCU muscle and FDS muscle simultaneously with the angle measurement. Subjective ratings of exertion were also recorded using the modified Borg's CR-10 scale. Repetition rates of 0.5, 1, 2 motions per second were used with each task. As a result, manual workload increased with increasing repetitiveness. Peak spectral magnitude and frequency components corresponded closely with joint angular displacement amplitudes and repetition rates. Results of the correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlation among EMG, frequency-weighted motion and subjective measurement. Both EMG and frequency-weighted filtering showed consistent workload estimation with increasing task frequency. Subjective ratings showed slight over-estimation of the workload as the task frequency is increased.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate work-related risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in various departments and tasks at an oriental medicine hospital. Methods: 269 hospital workers were selected for the study. The questionnaire survey included general characteristics, work-related characteristics and MSDs. Cross-tabulation analysis, multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, work time, job demand and workload, were used to evaluate the effects of work-related factors on MSDs. Results: There were differences in MSDs depending on gender, age, occupation, and work-related factors. Prevalence rates of MSDs were 23.79% shoulder, 14.13% back, 10.41% neck. Risk factors for MSDs was packaging of drugs, transfer, and exercise therapy of physical therapist. Shoulder pain was significantly influenced by using power tools, over-reaching, and job demand while back pain was significantly influenced by weight-lifting operations and keyboard typing. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that consideration of MSDs characteristics of workers in oriental medicine hospital is necessary to change unsuitable work environments and educate on preventing MSDs.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2004

Repetitive stress injury at the wrist has been reported as a common injury among visual display terminal (VDT) users (i.e., computer users). Adjusting a VDT workstation (computer table and chair) to maintain a correct seated posture while operating a keyboard is perhaps the most frequently recommended preventive solution. This paper proposes an analytical design methodology based on ergonomic design principles for recommending appropriate VDT workstation settings and layout of individual computer accessories on the computer table. The proposed design methodology consists of two interrelated phases: (1) determination of VDT workstation settings, and (2) design of computer accessories layout. Based on the information about the VDT user, dominant task to be performed, typing skill, and degrees of physical and visual interactions between the user and computer accessories, adjustment and layout solutions are recommended to allow having a correct seated posture while minimizing both physical and visual movements. The results from an experiment show that when adjusting the workstation and locating the computer accessories according to the recommendations given by the proposed design methodology, the user's hand movements can be significantly reduced.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.833-841
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• 1999

문자 인식에 의해 구축된 문서들은 키보드 입력에 의해 구축된 문서들에 비하여 다수의 오류를 포함한다. 따라서 이러한 문서들로부터 원하는 정보를 검색하기 위해서는 다수의 오류를 포함하고 있는 문서들에 대한 효과적인 자동 색인 방법이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 개별 문자 인식률 90% 수준의 문자 인식기에 의해 구축된 한글 문서 데이터베이스로부터 원하는 정보를 효과적으로 검색하기 위한 자동 색인 방법에 대하여 살펴본다. 실험 결과는 문자 인식에 의해 구축된 한글 문서 데이터베이스에 대해서는 형태소 단위 색인법과 2-gram 기반 색인법이 유사한 수준의 검색 효과를 제공함을 보여준다.