• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.2497-2513
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• 2013

In 2010, Dijk et al. demonstrated a simple somewhat homomorphic encryption (HE) scheme over the integers of which this simplicity came at the cost of a public key size in $\tilde{O}({\lambda}^{10})$. Although in 2011 Coron et al. reduced the public key size to $\tilde{O}({\lambda}^7)$, it is still too large for practical applications, especially for the cloud computing. In this paper, we propose a new form of somewhat HE scheme to reduce further the public key size and a variation of the scheme to optimize the ciphertext size. First of all, we propose a new somewhat HE scheme which is built on the hardness of the approximate greatest common divisor (GCD) problem of two integers, where the public key size in the scheme is reduced to $\tilde{O}({\lambda}^3)$. Furthermore, we can reduce the length of the ciphertext of the new somewhat HE scheme by applying the modular reduction technique. Additionally, we give simulation results for evaluating ability of the proposed scheme.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.347-349
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• 2008

The primitive of Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption allows a sender to distribute session keys or messages for a dynamically changing set of receivers using the receiver's identity as a public key. We already know that the trade-off exists the efficiency between the public parameter size and the ciphertext size. So, if the ciphertext size is O(1), then the public parameter size may be O(n). Some of IBBE scheme take the public parameters as input in decryption phase. Thus, a decryption device (or client) has to store the public parameters or receive it. This means that a decryption device (or client) has to have the proper size storage. Recently, delerabl$\square$e proposed an IBBE which have the O(1) size ciphertexts and the O(n) size public parameters. In this paper, we present an IBBE scheme. In our construction the ciphertext size and the public parameter size are sub-linear in the total number of receivers, and the private key size is constant.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2021

Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the effects of corn particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients fed to pigs at four different growth stages and therefore to provide basis for better application of corn in pig feeds. Methods: Eighteen weanling piglets, 18 growing barrows, 24 gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were used in this study. Within each stage, pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 corn-soybean meal diets which were formulated with different corn particle size in a completely randomized design with 6 replicate pigs per diet. Each stage lasted for 19 days, including 7 days for cages adaptation, 7 days for adaptation to diets and followed by 5 days for total collection of feces and urine. Results: For nursery and growing stages, the results showed that digestible energy content and ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased (p<0.05) as the corn particle size reduced. Meanwhile, the metabolizable energy content and ATTD of crude protein (CP) tended to increase. For gestating sows, no differences were found in the ATTD of nutrients among dietary treatments. As for lactating sows, there were linear and quadratic increases (p<0.05) in the ATTD of DM, GE, NDF as the corn being finer milled. Quadratic response in ATTD of ADF and CP (p<0.05) were observed as sows fed with four different diets. Conclusion: Reducing corn particle size can increase digestibility of nutrients fed to young pigs and lactating sows. No effects were observed in present experiment when gestating sows were fed with different particle sized corn.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.781-793
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a new RLWE-based scheme named μ-Hope that exploits Error Correcting Code(ECC) on NewHope. The previous parameters of NewHope uses 12289 as a prime modulus, and the size of the public key, private key, and ciphertext is 928-byte, 1888-byte, and 1120-byte respectively, which can be said to be larger than other RLWE based algorithms. In this paper, we propose μ-Hope, which changes modulus 12289 to 769 to reduce the size of the public key, private key, and ciphertext. Also, we adopts XE1 as an Error Correcting Code(ECC) to solve the increased decryption failure rate caused by using a small prime modulus. As a result, the size of the public key, private key, and ciphertext decreased by 38%, 37%, and 37% respectively. As the computational efficiency caused by using a small prime modulus exceeds the performance degradation by exploiting ECC, this result in 25% performance improvement for a single key exchange.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.659-668
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• 2019

In digital image correlation, speckle image is closely related to the measurement accuracy. A practical global evaluation criterion for speckle image is presented. Firstly, based on the essential factors of the texture image, both the average particle size and image sharpness are used for the assessment of speckle image. The former is calculated by a simplified auto-covariance function and Gaussian fitting, and the latter by focusing function. Secondly, the computation of the average particle size and image sharpness is verified by numerical simulation. The influence of these two evaluation parameters on mean deviation and standard deviation is discussed. Then, a physical model from speckle projection to image acquisition is established. The two evaluation parameters can be mapped to the physical devices, which demonstrate that the proposed evaluation method is reasonable. Finally, the engineering application of the evaluation method is pointed out.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

In this paper we propose a bit-sliced modular multiplication algorithm and a bit-sliced modular multiplier design meeting the increasing crypto-key size for RSA public key cryptosystem. The proposed bit-sliced modular multiplication algorithm was designed by modifying the Montgomery's algorithm. The bit-sliced modular multiplier is easy to expand to process large size operands and can be immediately applied to RSA public key cryptosystem.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1256-1266
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• 2009

Effects of particle size and physical effective fibre (peNDF) of rice straw in diets on chewing activities, feed intake, flow, site and extent of digestion and rumen fermentation in goats were investigated. A 4${\times}$4 Latin square design was employed using 4 mature Liuyang black goats fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae. During each of the 4 periods, goats were offered 1 of 4 diets that were similar in nutritional content but varied in particle sizes and peNDF through alteration of the theoretical cut length of rice straw (10, 20, 40, and 80 mm, respectively). Dietary peNDF contents were determined using a sieve for particle separation above 8 mm, and were 17.4, 20.9, 22.5 and 25.4%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the particle size and peNDF significantly (p<0.05) increased the time spent on rumination and chewing activities, duodenal starch digestibility and ruminal pH, and decreased ruminal starch digestibility and $NH_{3}$-N concentration. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients (i.e. dry matter, organic matter, and starch) and ruminal fermentation were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF. Increased particle size and peNDF did not affect ruminal fibre digestibility, but had a great impact on the intestinal and total tract fibre digestibility. The study suggested that rice straw particle size or dietary peNDF was the important influential factor for chewing activity, intestinal fibre and starch digestibility, and ruminal pH, but had minimal impact on feed intake, duodenal and ileal flow, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.777-789
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• 2020

Intense artificial selection has been imposed to Luzhong mutton sheep population in the past years. Improvements on growth and reproductive performance are two breeding goals in the present herd. Although some progresses were phenotypically observed possibly due to inbreeding induced by strong selection in terms of these traits, the genomic evaluation was poorly understood. Therefore, a high-density SNP array was used to characterize the pattern of runs of homozygosity (ROH), estimate inbreeding and inbreeding depressions on early growth performance and litter size based upon ROH, and scan positive selection signatures of recent population. Consequently, a low inbreeding level was observed which had negative effects on litter size, but not on early growth performance. And 160 genes were under selection, of which some were reported to be linked to several traits of sheep including body weight, litter size, carcass and meat quality, milk yield and composition, fiber quality and health, and the top genes were associated with growth (growth hormone [GH]- growth hormone receptor [GHR]- Insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF1] axis) and litter size (bone morphogenic proteins [BMPs]-associated). The effectiveness of previous breeding measures was highlighted, but purging selection was proposed to alleviate the inbreeding depression on litter size, providing some genomic insights to breeding management of Luzhong mutton sheep.

• Carbon letters
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• v.25
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• pp.50-54
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• 2018

Large-size graphene samples are successfully prepared by combining ultrosonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation process with oxidation-deoxidation method. Different from previous works, we used an ultrasound-treated expanded graphite as the raw material and prepared the graphene via a facile oxidation-reduction reaction. Results of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the crystal structure of the as-prepared graphene. Scanning electron microscopy images show that this kind of graphene has a large size (with a diameter over $100{\mu}m$), larger than the graphene from graphite powder and flake graphite prepared through single oxidation-deoxidation method. Transmission electron microscopy results also reveal the thin layers of the prepared graphene (number of layers ${\leq}3$). Furthermore, the importance of preprocessing the raw materials is also proven. Therefore, this method is an attractive way for preparing graphene with large size.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.842-848
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• 2018

Motivated by reducing the uncertainties in quantification of debris bed coolability, this paper reports an experimental study on two-phase flow resistances and interfacial drag in packed porous beds. The experiments are performed on the DEBECO-LT (DEbris BEd COolability-Low Temperature) test facility which is constructed to investigate the adiabatic single and two phase flow in porous beds. The pressure drops are measured when air-water two phase flow passes through the porous beds packed with different size particles, and the effects of interfacial drag are studied especially. The results show that, for two phase flow through the beds packed with small size particles such as 1.5 mm and 2 mm spheres, the contribution of interfacial drag to the pressure drops is weak and ignorable, while the significant effects are conducted on the pressure drops of the beds with bigger size particles like 3 mm and 6 mm spheres, where the interfacial drag in beds with larger particles will result in a descent-ascent tendency in the pressure drop curves along with the fluid velocity, and the effect of interfacial drag should be considered in the debris coolability analysis models for beds with bigger size particles.