• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2012

Eye detection is widely used in applications, such as face recognition, driver behavior analysis, and human-computer interaction. However, it is difficult to achieve real-time performance with software-based eye detection in an embedded environment. In this paper, we propose a parallel hardware architecture for real-time eye detection. We use the AdaBoost algorithm with modified census transform(MCT) to detect eyes on a face image. We parallelize part of the algorithm to speed up processing. Several downscaled pyramid images of the eye candidate region are generated in parallel using the input face image. We can detect the left and the right eye simultaneously using these downscaled images. The sequential data processing bottleneck caused by repetitive operation is removed by employing a pipelined parallel architecture. The proposed architecture is designed using Verilog HDL and implemented on a Virtex-5 FPGA for prototyping and evaluation. The proposed system can detect eyes within 0.15 ms in a VGA image.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.432-435
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• 2009

본 논문은 적외선센서를 이용한 사용자의 손동작 패턴 검출에 관한 연구이다. 사람의 움직임 패턴을 파악하기 위해, 카메라를 이용하여 실시간 영상을 획득하는 방법과, 가속도센서 및 자이로스코프를 이용한 사용자의 모션검출에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 기존의 연구들은 사용자의 모션을 검출하기 위해 고가의 장비와 이를 운용하기 위한 고성능의 모션처리기가 필요하다. 또한 조명이나 피부색, 센서의 정밀도에 따른 모션검출의 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 적외선센서를 이용하여 사용자의 손동작을 간편하게 검출할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구로써, 적외선센서를 가로.세로 형태로 배치한 기구부와 이를 제어하기 위한 센서보드를 이용하여 사용자의 손동작을 검출한다. 또한 보다 정확한 손동작 검출을 위해 사용자 손동작을 패턴단위로 구분하고, 센서의 감지순서와 감지시간 차이를 이용하여 분류한 손동작 패턴을 매칭시키는 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구의 결과는 이동로봇이나 컴퓨터 어플리케이션을 직접 제어하는 것으로 그 효용성을 검증한다. 컴퓨터 어플리케이션은 웹 기반의 지도 검색 프로그램인 구글어스를 사용한다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.152-169
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• 2017

In this paper, we analyze the basic research system in South Korea. We propose a national basic research system consisting of value, openness, input, transformation, and output. Based on this framework, we set up interview questionnaires, and 15 key informants have been interviewed. According to our results, first, in terms of value, basic research is recognized as an activity for creating knowledge in the understanding of nature. Second, as for openness, scientists and policy experts agree that active interaction with the global community is an important value for the national research system. Third, in terms of sustainable research resources, scientists are strongly required to effectively allocate research funding, maximizing the creativity of researchers and the efficient sharing of research equipment. Fourth, in transformation, basic researchers maintain that the Korean research system has is extremly dependent on the government's external control, and its self-regulative system has been weak for over half century onw. Fifth, for global competitiveness, the interviewees agreed that the quality of basic research in Korea is approaching that of its global competitors. Finally, we put forward some policy implications on the basis of these findings.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a workstation computer that allowed intraoperative touchless control of diagnostic and surgical images by a surgeon, and to report the preliminary experience with the use of the system in a series of cases in which dental surgery was performed. Materials and Methods: A custom workstation with a new motion sensing input device (Leap Motion) was set up in order to use a natural user interface (NUI) to manipulate the imaging software by hand gestures. The system allowed intraoperative touchless control of the surgical images. Results: For the first time in the literature, an NUI system was used for a pilot study during 11 dental surgery procedures including tooth extractions, dental implant placements, and guided bone regeneration. No complications were reported. The system performed very well and was very useful. Conclusion: The proposed system fulfilled the objective of providing touchless access and control of the system of images and a three-dimensional surgical plan, thus allowing the maintenance of sterile conditions. The interaction between surgical staff, under sterile conditions, and computer equipment has been a key issue. The solution with an NUI with touchless control of the images seems to be closer to an ideal. The cost of the sensor system is quite low; this could facilitate its incorporation into the practice of routine dental surgery. This technology has enormous potential in dental surgery and other healthcare specialties.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.249-252
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• 2000

An experimental multimodal system combining natural input modes such as speech, lip movement, and gaze is proposed in this paper. It benefits from novel human-compute. interaction (HCI) modalities and from multimodal integration for tackling the problem of the HCI bottleneck. This system allows the user to select menu items on the screen by employing speech recognition, lip reading, and gaze tracking components in parallel. Face tracking is a supplementary component to gaze tracking and lip movement analysis. These key components are reviewed and preliminary results are shown with multimodal integration and user testing on the prototype system. It is noteworthy that the system equipped with gaze tracking and lip reading is very effective in noisy environment, where the speech recognition rate is low, moreover, not stable. Our long term interest is to build a user interface embedded in a commercial car navigation system (CNS).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2021

This research explores the effects of intellectual capital on knowledge management processes (creation of information, knowledge sharing, and use of knowledge) and innovation performance. The data was gathered from 224 fashion accessories in Thailand using a questionnaire. The population was collected on December 16, 2019 (https:/www.ditp.go.th) from a list database of the Department of International Trade Promotion, Ministry of Commerce of Thailand (2019). A questionnaire mail survey technique was used to collect data. Executives or managers were the key participants in this study. The statistical technique used to analyze is the ordinary least square regression. The findings show that intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on information management systems. Likewise, information management techniques have a significant positive effect on innovation performance. Moreover, increasing the use of information tends to make staff willing to use the knowledge to improve the quality and quantity of the service. This tendency contributes to productivity gain. Through the interaction of processes of information use, self-reflection, and input from customers, employees tend to increase the production of knowledge that eventually develops the results of the innovation. Hence, organizations should value knowledge management process elements to improve efficiency, and thus innovation.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

스마트 환경 구축이 보편화됨에 따라 사람과 컴퓨터 사이의 상호작용(HCI)에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 인간-컴퓨터 상호작용에서 사람의 얼굴과 시선 방향을 안다는 것은 그 사람의 의도나 관심의 대상을 파악하는데 중요한 정보를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 신체 구조를 이해하는데도 하나의 기준이 될 수 있으므로 중요한 연구 테마이다. 본 논문에서는 랜덤 포레스트를 이용하여 얼굴 방향을 미리 정해놓은 각도로 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 영상은 전처리를 거친 뒤 회전정보를 얻기 위하여 평균 정면 얼굴과의 차영상을 이용하여 회전정보를 추출한다. 캐니에지 검출법을 이용하여 얼굴의 특징을 검출하고 이를 이용하여 에지 영상을 구한 뒤, 이 영상에 대해 가로 세로축 각각에 대해 픽셀 수를 누적하여 히스토그램을 작성한다. 누적히스토그램을 특징으로 랜덤 포레스트를 생성하였으며, 랜덤 포레스트의 학습과 테스트에는 CAS-PEAL-R1 데이터를 사용하여 80.6%의 인식률을 얻었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.391-405
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• 2019

Compared to the ambient vibration test mainly identifying the structural modal parameters, such as frequency, damping and mode shapes, the impact testing, which benefits from measuring both impacting forces and structural responses, has the merit to identify not only the structural modal parameters but also more detailed structural parameters, in particular flexibility. However, in traditional impact tests, an impacting hammer or artificial excitation device is employed, which restricts the efficiency of tests on various bridge structures. To resolve this problem, we propose a new method whereby a moving vehicle is taken as a continuous exciter and develop a corresponding flexibility identification theory, in which the continuous wheel forces induced by the moving vehicle is considered as structural input and the acceleration response of the bridge as the output, thus a structural flexibility matrix can be identified and then structural deflections of the bridge under arbitrary static loads can be predicted. The proposed method is more convenient, time-saving and cost-effective compared with traditional impact tests. However, because the proposed test produces a spatially continuous force while classical impact forces are spatially discrete, a new flexibility identification theory is required, and a novel structural identification method involving with equivalent load distribution, the enhanced Frequency Response Function (eFRFs) construction and modal scaling factor identification is proposed to make use of the continuous excitation force to identify the basic modal parameters as well as the structural flexibility. Laboratory and numerical examples are given, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, parametric analysis including road roughness, vehicle speed, vehicle weight, vehicle's stiffness and damping are conducted and the results obtained demonstrate that the developed method has strong robustness except that the relative error increases with the increase of measurement noise.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2008

To determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs, two experiments were designed with the experimental diets containing five true digestible P levels (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%) and the ratio of total calcium to true digestible P (TDP) kept at 2:1. In Experiment 1, five barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 27.9 kg were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of different dietary P levels on the digestibility and output of P and nitrogen. In Experiment 2, sixty healthy growing pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 21.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), and were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. The results indicated that the true digestibility of P increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing dietary TDP level below 0.26%. The true P digestibility was highest (56.6%) when dietary TDP was 0.34%. Expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), fecal P output increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing P input. On the basis of g/kg fecal dry matter (DM), fecal P output was lowest for Diet 4 and highest (p<0.05) for Diet 5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (p>0.05) among the five diets, with the average nitrogen output of 12.14 g/d and nitrogen retention of 66% to 74% (p>0.05), which suggested that there was no interaction between dietary P and CP protein levels. During the 28-d experimental period of Experiment 2, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Eq. (1): $y=-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1,759$; ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %), F/G for pigs by Eq. (2): $y=3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = F/G; x = dietary TDP, %), and Total P concentrations in serum by Eq. (3): $y=-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ (R2 = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest F/G (1.07) and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2011

The characterization of the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process for undensified phophosilicate glass (PSG) film is reported using design of experiments (DOE). DOE has been used by experimenters to understand the relationship between the input variables and responses of interest in a simple and efficient way, and it typically is beneficial for determining the appropriatesize of experiments with multiple process variables and making statistical inferences for the responses of interest. The equipment controllable parameters used to operate the machine consist of the down force of the wafer carrier, pressure on the back side wafer, table and spindle speeds (SS), slurry flow (SF) rate, pad condition, etc. None of these are independent ofeach other and, thus, the interaction between the parameters also needs to be understoodfor improved process characterization in CMP. In this study, we selected the five controllable equipment parameters the most recommendedby process engineers, viz. the down force (DF), back pressure (BP), table speed (TS), SS, and SF, for the characterization of the CMP process with respect to the material removal rate and film uniformity in percentage terms. The polished material is undensified PSG which is widely used for the plananization of multi-layered metal interconnects. By statistical modeling and the analysis of the metrology data acquired from a series of $2^{5-1}$ fractional factorial designs with two center points, we showed that the DF, BP and TS have the greatest effect on both the removal rate and film uniformity, as expected. It is revealed that the film uniformity of the polished PSG film contains two and three-way interactions. Therefore, one can easily infer that process control based on a better understanding of the process is the key to success in current semiconductor manufacturing, in which the size of the wafer is approaching 300 mm and is scheduled to continuously increase up to 450 mm in or slightly after 2012.