• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-88
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• 2024

Smart tourism aims to maximize the utilization of local tourism resources, effectively manages cities and contributes to improving communication and quality of life between tourists and residents. Therefore, smart tourism emphasizes synergistic collaboration, considering both residents and tourists. This study explores smart tourism interaction and roles in enhancing regional competitiveness. By conducting thorough examination, focusing on integrating the four key elements of smart tourism city (smart experience, smart convenience, smart accessibility, and smart platform) with local residents, local businesses, regional resources, and ecosystem to foster positive synergies, Incheon smart tourism city project was employed as a single case study design. Research results indicate that the collaborative model of a smart tourism city positively impacts service satisfaction and strengthens regional tourism competitiveness. Building upon these results, this study aims to contribute to the development of smart tourism cities by proposing directions for future development and emphasizing the enhancement of regional competitiveness through the integration of smart technology and local tourism.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-162
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• 2010

The author tried to analyse a Korean fairy tale "the traveller and the fox". The essence of the story is as follows; A traveller who was wandering in mountains found a house with a light. There was a beautiful woman who was very kind to give food and shelter. But she was a fox that tried to kill him with a knife. He asked her to bring a basket of water and he broke the wall with it to run away. The fox chased and he fell down a cliff to ride on the back of a tiger. The tiger ran into a cave and give him to her babies as a prey. He killed them by throwing stones and climbed a tree out of the cave. There came foxes and the tiger and they killed each other. He came back to the village with the fur of the foxes and the tiger. The author tried to understand the contents of the story symbolically and interpret them from the perspective of analytical psychology. On conclusion, the traveller was on the individuation process and experienced the negative anima (the fox) and the negative mother archetype (the tiger) and its negative subsidiaries (the tiger's babies). He tried to be consciously alert and paid continuous attention so that he could get out of the status and get new insight. During this process, it was meaningful that he could actively get an appropriate aid of positive mother archetype and Self symbolized by the water and the tree respectively.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-48
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• 2024

With the advent of 5G, characterized by Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), efficient network management and service provision are becoming increasingly critical. This paper proposes a novel approach to address key challenges of 5G networks, namely ultra-high speed, ultra-low latency, and ultra-reliability, while dynamically optimizing network slicing and resource allocation using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. The proposed methodology utilizes prediction models for network traffic and resource allocation, and employs Federated Learning (FL) techniques to simultaneously optimize network bandwidth, latency, and enhance privacy and security. Specifically, this paper extensively covers the implementation methods of various algorithms and models such as Random Forest and LSTM, thereby presenting methodologies for the automation and intelligence of 5G network operations. Finally, the performance enhancement effects achievable by applying ML and DL to 5G networks are validated through performance evaluation and analysis, and solutions for network slicing and resource management optimization are proposed for various industrial applications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.196-210
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of a combination of Syzygium aromaticum L. and Sorbus commixta Hedl. (SS) in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The extracts of Syzygium aromaticum extract (SA) and Sorbus commixta extract (SC) were prepared individually using distilled water. They were mixed in a 1:2 ratio for use in the experiment. To assess the anti-obesity potential of SS in vitro, we examined cell proliferation, cellular triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels, as well as lipogenesis and β-oxidation in 3T3-L1 cells. To confirm its anti-obesity potential in vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. SA alone, SC alone, and their combination compound, SS (at a dosage of 200 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks. Thereafter, to conduct a comparative evaluation, serum analysis, western blotting of liver tissues, and histopathological analysis were performed. Results: Both SS200 and SS400 significantly inhibited the cellular TG and TC contents in the 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with SS (at a dose 200 and 400 ㎍/mL) also led to a noticeable regulation of key lipogenic and β-oxidation factors. Treatment of obese mice with SS resulted in a greater reduction in serum leptin and TG levels compared to treatment with the individual compounds (SA and SC). Furthermore, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α by SS treatment resulted in the suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1, leading to the inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) expression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SS may have the potential to prevent obesity through a reduction in the TG and TC levels and regulation of lipogenesis and β-oxidation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.50-60
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• 2024

To promote the application of reliability-based design within the Korean coastal engineering community, the author conducted reliability analyses and optimized the design of a vertical-type breakwater, considering multiple limit states in the seas off of Pusan and Gunsan - two representative ports in Korea. In this process, rather than relying on design waves of a specific return period, the author intentionally avoided such constraints. Instead, the author characterized the uncertainties associated with wave force, lift force, and overturning moment - key factors significantly influencing the integrity of a vertical-type breakwater. This characterization was achieved by employing a probabilistic model derived from the frequency analysis results of long-term in-situ wave data. The limit state of the vertical-type breakwater encompassed sliding, overturning, and collapse failure, with the close interrelation between wave force, lift force, and moment described using the Nataf joint probability distribution. Simulation results indicate, as expected, that considering only sliding failure underestimates the failure probability. Furthermore, it was shown that the failure probability of vertical-type breakwaters cannot be consistently secured using design waves with a specific return period. In contrast, breakwaters optimally designed to meet the reliability index requirement of 𝛽-3.5 to 4 consistently achieve a consistent failure probability across all sea areas.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.269-283
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• 2024

This study compared the characteristics of an experiment f or determining whether gas occupies space presented in elementary school science textbooks to examine the validity of the experiment, identify and improve problems in its presentation, and verify its effectiveness. This study interviewed third-year elementary school teachers who had experience teaching this experiment to students. Based on teachers' opinions and observations, this study identified issues with the current experiment, developed an improved experiment, and determined its effectiveness. Through this analysis, three key findings emerged. First, the study found that the original experiment on gases was presented in the same or highly similar manner in 5 of 7 textbooks (71.4%). Thus, while various textbooks have been developed with the aim of promoting diversity and creativity in scientific literature, most experiments presented in these books are identical. Second, the existing experiment was not suitable for its target audience (third-year elementary school students) and was difficult to observe directly. The interviewed teachers also deemed the validity of the experiment to be considerably low. Finally, the original experiment was improved; this improved version was determined to be highly valid, showing a statistically significant difference compared with the original experiment. The improved experiment was effective for students as it involved activities suitable for their intellectual level and was directly observable through the senses. Thus, the study analyzed and improved an existing science experiment f or elementary students, providing insights into the 2022 revised science authorized textbooks and implications for future textbook development.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concerns and difficulties encountered by authors involved in the development of integrated science textbooks. Specifically, it focuses on their experiences with understanding and implementing the 2022 revised science curriculum. We collected 89 opinions from textbook authors and categorized them into several key areas: understanding the terminology and descriptors provided in the curriculum, structuring learning content, inquiries and activities, and the depth and scope of learning content. The analysis revealed that the most difficulty encountered by the textbook authors was in defining the level and scope of learning content. Many also expressed concerns and difficulties related to the ambiguity of terms and predicates. In terms of the composition of learning content, difficulties were identified in concerning the repetitive descriptions of achievement standards and the discrepancy between the arrangement of achievement standards and the flow of learning. Regarding inquiries and activities, there were experiments presented that were difficult to experience or actually implement, along with limitations in activity composition due to the need to optimize learning volume. Given the importance of high-quality textbooks for effective science education at the national level, it is crucial to establish effective communication channels between curriculum developers and textbook authors. Additionally, a robust support system for textbook development should be established.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.403-409
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• 2024

In this paper, the guidelines for the design of an Artificial Intelligence(AI) based Integrated Process Safety Management(PSM) system to enhance workplace safety using data from process safety reports submitted by hazardous and risky facility operators in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act is proposed. The system composed of the proposed guidelines is to be implemented separately by individual facility operators and specialized process safety management agencies for single or multiple workplaces. It is structured with key components and stages, including data collection and preprocessing, expansion and segmentation, labeling, and the construction of training datasets. It enables the collection of process operation data and change approval data from various processes, allowing potential fault prediction and maintenance planning through the analysis of all data generated in workplace operations, thereby supporting decision-making during process operation. Moreover, it offers utility and effectiveness in time and cost savings, detection and prediction of various risk factors, including human errors, and continuous model improvement through the use of accurate and reliable training data and specialized datasets. Through this approach, it becomes possible to enhance workplace safety and prevent accidents.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.411-417
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• 2024

In the event of a disaster, it is essential to establish a disaster recovery plan and disaster recovery system to minimize disruption to major IT infrastructure and provide continuous business services. In the process of building a disaster recovery system, data replication is a key element of data recovery to provide uninterrupted and continuous business services in the event of a disaster. The data replication method can be determined depending on the system configuration environment and disaster recovery goal level. In this paper, we present a method for determining a data replication method suitable for the configuration environment and disaster recovery target level when building a disaster recovery system. In addition, the replication method decision procedure is applied to build a disaster recovery system and analyze the construction results. After establishing the disaster recovery system, a test was conducted to determine whether the service was transferred to the disaster recovery center in a disaster situation and normal service was provided, and the results were analyzed. As a result, it was possible to systematically select the optimal data replication method during the disaster recovery system construction phase. The established disaster recovery system has an RTO of 3.7 hours for service conversion to the disaster recovery center to provide continuous business services, and the disaster recovery level, which was Tier 2, has been improved to the target level within 4 hours of RTO and RPO=0.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2024

Global warming is a key challenge subjecting animals to heat stress conditions resulting in multiple physiological alterations in tropical climate. Dietary approach seems to be the more friendly approach to curb the adverse effects of heat stress in rabbits. Some herbs have been categorized to have high potential for promotion of immune responses for amelioration of heat stress. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the potential of Mistletoe (Viscum album), Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus) leaf meal as herbal supplements for the alleviation of heat stress in female rabbits by measuring improvement in sex and stress hormonal responses in serum biochemistry. 80 Rabbit does were exposed to 4 dietary groups supplemented with each of Mistletoe, Moringa, Phyllanthus and a control in an 84-day trial at the summit of thermal stress in South west Nigeria. Growth indices were monitored throughout the study, blood samples were compiled at the end of the trial to assess serum biochemistry, stress and sex hormonal responses of the Does using standard protocols. The results revealed that final weight and weight gain of Does fed on Phyllanthus were significantly (p < 0.05) higher (11.46% and 14.25%, respectively) than Does on control. The herbal supplements enhance glucose, protein, albumin and globulin, reduced cholesterol, and creatinine of Does under heat stress conditions. Among the herbal treatment groups, mistletoe, moringa and phyllanthus had 12.42%, 18.39% and 16.90%, respectively, lower corticosterone than control groups which had 39.76ng/ml. Triiodothyronine of Does fed control were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than Does on Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus supplements. Estradiol and Follicle stimulating hormone of rabbit Does fed on moringa supplement were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other treatments. In conclusion, the herbal supplements tend to mitigate the detrimental outcome of thermal stress on Does by suppressing stress hormones. Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus enhanced sex hormones while Phyllanthus amarus confered growth promoting effects on the Does.