• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2001

The characteristics of hydrogeochemistry and fluorine distribution in drinking groundwater from limestone and granite were studied in the Keumsan-Wanju area, where major important fluorite-deposits are distributed. The hydrochemical properties of groundwater from studied area arc commonly characterized as $Ca-HC0_3$ water type. However, some of the groundwater samples collected from Jurassic and Cretaceuus granites belong to $Ca-Na-HC0_3 and Na-HC0_3$ type, respectively. The contamination of drinking groundwater by minewater from the nearby fluorite deposits is not found yet. However, groundwater having high F contents up to 1].4 mgll, which is higher than the drinking water limit, is found from the wells located in Cretaceous granite. The tluorine contents in groundwater generally increase with increasing well depth. The concentrations of F in the groundwater show a positive relationship with the values of Na, $HC0_3, Cl. Si0_2$, pH, whereas a negative relationship with Ca. The positive correlation of F-concentrations to major elements ($Si0_2$, Na, CI) and trace elements (Li, B, Rb) may suggest that the groundwater come from the decomposition of tluoride-bearing silicate minerals within highly differentiated granitic rocks, Therefore, wells for drinking water should not be developed or should be drilled within shallow level in the Cretaceous granite region to reduce the F contents in the groundwater.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 1997

Cadmium occurs as a minor element in sphalerite ((Zn, Fe)S) from the Boseong-Jangheung gold-silver mine district. We analyzed the abundance of cadmium in sphalerite using an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and discussed the natural sources of cadmium in terms of bedrock geochemistry, in order to preliminarily reconnoiter the potential cadmium contamination in mine districts. Cadmium contents of sphalerites from the Au-Ag mines (Bodeok, Mundeok, Jeonbo, Boknae, Keumsan) in the Boseong-Jangheung district are considerably high, compared with cadmium contents of sphalerites (average = 0.5 wt.% Cd, maximum = 4.4 wt.% Cd) in the world. Sphalerites from the Keumsan mine (average = 9.49 wt.% Cd, maximum=11.22 wt. Cd) are highly enriched in cadmium. Our data suggest that the Boseong-Jangheung area is an important potential site of cadmium contamination in Korea. Based on bedrock geochemistry, natural causes of cadmium enrichment in sphalerite from the mine district are thought to be the mixing of cadmium leached from organic-rich, metasedimentary rocks (including coal) and/or black shales. From this study, we propose that the pinpointing of potential sites of pollution by toxic heavy metals can be done effectively through detailed reconnaisance study on mineralogical compositions of ore minerals such as sphalerite from the mine area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2002.09a
• /
• pp.148-151
• /
• 2002

To clarify of chemical contents for the Keumsan ginseng, two attempts have been done for two year: 2 year and 4 year-ginsengs coilected from the phyllite(Ph0 and granite area(Gr), and 1 year, 2 year and 3 year-ginsengs collected from the phyllite(Ph), shale(Sh) and granite (Gr), In the first attempt, the soil contents of the Ph are high in most of elements. In the comparisons between ages of the ginseng, regardless the area, most of the elements are high in the 4 year and these trends are distinctive in the granite area. In the comparisons of the areas, 2 year-ginsengs of the Ph show high contents in the most of the elements. Comparisons between upper part(leaf and branch) and root part of the ginsengs show that in the 2 year-ginseng, the Gr is high in the root part and the Ph is high in the upper part, while in the 4 year-ginseng, most of the elements are high in the root part. Comparisons between contents of soil and ginsengs show similar in crease and decrese trends. However, the 2 year-ginsengs show clear differences between two areas while in the 4 year-ginseng, differences between the Gr and Ph is not clear. It suggest that the ginsengs absorb eligible element contents with ages, despite of clear content differences of the different soils. In the second attempt, the Gr shows high W, Pb, Th, U, Sn and B contents wlile Ph and Sh show high Ni, Cr, Co, Sc, V, As, Cu and Zn contents. In the comparisons between ages of the ginseng, regardless the area, most of the elements are high in the 2 year, especially in the Gr and Ph. In the comparisons of the areas, 2 year-ginsengs of the Gr show low contents in the most of the elements, and the S1 show higher Ni, V, Th and U contents than the Ph. 3 year-ginsengs of the Gr show low contents in the most of the elements, while the S1 show high contents in the most of elements. relative to the Ph. Comparisons between upper part and root part of the ginsengs show that in the ginseng, regardless the ages, the upper part is high. Comparisons between contents of soil and ginsengs show similar increase and decrese trends, and soil is low than the ginsengs in the most of the elements

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.657-672
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study are to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwaters around Keumsan municipal landfill, and to evaluate the contaminant dispersion from the landfill and its environmental impact. To achieve these goals, groundwater quality logging, hydrochemical analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, and contaminant transport modeling were performed. The water quality logging indicated a leaking from the landfill at the depth of 4-12m around a leachate sump. Electrical conductivity data indicated that groundwaters within 70-100m from landfill were affected by the landfill leakage. Principal components 1 and 2 obtained from principal components analysis (PCA) reflect the influence of leachate and the characteristics of aquifer media, respectively. The results of principal component analysis also indicated the natural attenuation processes such as cation exchange, sorption, and microbial biodegradation. The modeling results showed that groundwater flow westward along a valley from the landfill and contaminants transport accordingly.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 1998

The research was conducted to measure the heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetations adjacent to the closed Daeseong coal mine in Keumsan, Chungnam. The studied area was divided into two sites ; the coal-bearing polluted and the non-polluted without coal. The samples of the weathered soils and vegetations(Miscnthus sinenis(MS) and Pinus rigida(PR)) were collected from both area. Cr, Mo, Ni, and Fe concentrations were high in the polluted soils, whereas Co, Sc, and Zn concentrations were high in the non-polluted soils. In the vegetations, Co, Cr, Sc, and Fe concentrations in the roots of MS and PR growing on the polluted sites were higher than the above-ground. However, on the non-polluted sites, Mo and Ni concentrations had an opposite trend. In the above-ground parts, high heavy metal concentrations (except Cr) were shown in MS of the non-polluted sites, whereas in the roots, heavy metal concentrations (except Zn) were high in the polluted sites. In the average heavy metal concentrations of two plants, most elements (except Zn) were lower in the plants than the soils. Comparing with vegetations and adjacent forest soils, heavy metal concentrations of the MS were similar to those of soil concentrations relative to the PR, suggesting that absorptions of the elements were higher in the MS than the PR.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.4
• /
• pp.435-442
• /
• 1997

The research was carried out to investigate the contamination of stream water by the acid mine drainage originated from the abandoned coal mines and coal waste rock in Keumsan, Chungnam. The pH, sulfate and chemical compositions in the stream water were analyzed. At the polluted sites, the pH of stream water was the strong acid, ranging from 3.46 to 4.29. The pH shows negative correlations with sulfate, manganese, copper, zinc, iron and magnesium concentrations. Sulfate concentrations of the polluted stream water, 236.73-310.53mg/l, had 10 times more than those of the non-polluted stream water. The concentrations of heavy metals, Mn and Fe, in the polluted water were 0.56 - 0.83mg/l and 5.89 - 10.58mg/l, respectively. The Mn concentrations were 20 times higher than those of the non-polluted stream water. Compared with those in the non-polluted stream water, the Mg and Ca concentrations in the polluted stream water were high because of leaching from rock and soil to water by the acidifications. Calculated AMDI(Acid Mine Drainage Index) values are low in the polluted stream water, relative to those of the non-polluted water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2005

Three different floras(M. sinsinsis, A. vulgaris, Robinia pseudo-acacia) were collected from the granite(GR) and coal bearing shale area(CB) and analysed for their heavy metal elements with the representative soils. Regardless of the flora species, the CB were high in average contents. Among the correlation relationships, the CB were more distinctive than the GR, and the A. vulgaris showed higher correlations than the M. sinsinsis. In the same soils, the A. vutgaris showed high contents than the M. sinsinsis and Robinia pseudo-acacia, and the M. sinsinsis were high relative to the Robinia pseudo-acacia. In the comparisons of the flora, root parts were high in most of the elements except for Zn. In the soils, the CB were high in most of elements while As and Mo showed different contents between the GR and CB. In the comparison between soil and flora, soils of the GR were high in the V and Sc contents and low in Zn and Cu, while those of the CR were high in the Cr, V and Sc contents, and low in the Zn contents, Comparing with the soil contents, the M, sinsinsis in the GR were similar to Co and V contents while, in the CB, the M. sinsinsis were similar to the Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Mo contents, and the Robinia pseudo-acacia were similar to the Ni, Zn, Cu contents. Overall results suggested that the M. sinsinsis and A. vulgaris should be eligible for the bioremediation of the soils polluted by heavy metal such as the CB.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.4 s.139
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 2004

This study has been conducted to investigate the amount of residual sulfur dioxide for herbal medicines of 30 species which are purchased in 13 different regions (Bonghwa, Busan, Chunju, Jecheun, Kwangiu, Keumsan, Seoul, Taeku, Cheungdu, Xian, Beijing, Tokyo and Osaka). The sulfur dioxide residues were determined in the collected 386 samples by the modified Monier-Williams method. The residues of sulfur dioxide in 386 samples ranged from ND (under detection limit) to 2808 ppm. The sulfur dioxide in Cassiae Semon, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cervi Cornu, Hoelen, Crataegi Fructus, Artemisiae Argyi Herba, Scolopendrae Corpus, Schizandrae Fructus and Cyperi Rhizoma were detected under the detection limit regardless of the collected regions. The sulfur dioxide residues in herbal medicines collected in domestic regions were relatively lower than those in foreign regions. There are no standards for sulfur dioxide residual limits of herbal medicines in Korea. This results will provide the scientific basis for the standardization of sulfur dioxide residues in Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.27-41
• /
• 2010

This study developed a settlement environment diagnostic indices (SEDI) of rural villages which can apply to analyze variable conditions of villages having development projects. The index consists of 5 diagnostic areas (first level) with 13 items (second level), including detail indices of 40 criteria (third level) defined by specialists' brainstorming process. In order to develop the index system, object-oriented approach was used to extract the 5 diagnostic areas (infra-basic settlement facility, life condition & environmental resources, industry & economic infrastructure, community, and residents) from rural villages. For the 40 criteria, it was introduced a quantification method that all villages have absolute values in national level, not relative value between villages within an unit area. The diagnostic diagram and table were developed to evaluate the villages compositively. The developed SEDI was applied to study areas, 56 villages in 2 subdivision areas of county, located on county of Keumsan. Applicability of the index system, database system should be developed with the surveying method of data in village level.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2006

There are need to develop of merchandise of value added fresh ginseng because of high consciousness level of consumer and enlarge of markets for high quality products. The fresh ginseng after harvest was distributed to farmer partually but in general, it was to market by consigner or wholsaler directly after harvest. There were a high difference on storage period of fresh ginseng in different harvesting seasons. The reduction of value of commodities of fresh ginseng for storage period was caused by decomposition and tender of tissue. The storage temperature was under the freezing point and the packing method was sealing tightly by plastic film. As the quality of fresh ginseng was defined by naked eye, it was difficult to sort the quality of ginseng directly harvest.