• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2010

This study investigated basic material properties and compressibility of commonly used pharmaceutical excipients. Five classes of excipients are selected including starch, lactose, calcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and povidone. The compressibility was evaluated using compression parameters derived from Heckel and Kawakita equation. The Heckel plot for lactose and dicalcium phosphate showed almost linear relationship. However, for MCC and povidone, curves in the initial phase of compression were observed followed by linear regions. The initial curve was considered as particle rearrangement and fragmentation and then plastic deformation at the later stages of the compression cycle. The Kawakita equation showed MCC exhibited higher compressibility, followed by povidone, lactose, and calcium phosphate. MCC undergoes significant plastic deformation during compression bringing an extremely large surface area into close contact and facilitating hydrogen bond formation between the plastically deformed, adjacent cellulose particles. Lactose compacts are consolidated by both plastic deformation and fragmentation, but to a larger extent by fragmentation. Calcium phosphate has poor binding properties because of its brittle nature. When formulating tablets, selection of suitable pharmaceutical excipients is very important and they need to have good compression properties with decent powder flowability. Material properties tested in this study might give a good guide how to select excipients for tablet formulations and help the formulation scientists design the optimum ones.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2000

선박의 저항을 줄이기 위하여 발생시킨 기포의 거동을 알기 위해, 선체주위의 기포거동에 과한 기초적 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 선체주위에 발생된 기포의 거동에 대하여, 기포의 크기와 발생위치를 변화시켜가며 수치계산 및 실험을 수행하여, 선체주위의 기포거동에 관한 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. 기포의 거동방정식은 기포의 부력을 고려한 Kawakita의 것을 사용하였다. 수치계산은 MAC(Marker And Cell)법을 기초로 한 유한차분법(Finite Difference Method)을 사용하였으며, 실험은 Series 60선형에 대하여 회류수조에서 수행되었다. 실험과 계산은 서로 비교하여 보았다.