• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

North Korea has frequently suffered from extreme agricultural crop droughts, which have led to food shortages, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The increasing frequency of extreme droughts, due to global warming and climate change, has increased the importance of enhancing the national capacity for drought management. Historically, a meteorological drought index based on data collected from weather stations has been widely used. But it has limitations in terms of the distribution of weather stations and the spatial pattern of drought impacts. Satellite-based data can be obtained with the same accuracy and at regular intervals, and is useful for long-term change analysis and environmental monitoring and wide area access in time and space. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), a satellite-based drought index using the ratio of potential and actual evaporation, is being used to detect drought response as a index of the droughts occurring rapidly over short periods of time. It is more accurate and provides faster analysis of drought conditions compared to the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). In this study, we analyze drought events during 2015-2017 in North Korea using the ESI satellite-based drought index to determine drought response by comparing with it with the SPI and SPEI drought indices.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.205-227
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• 2010

생산입지의 결정으로 인한 투자, 생산 및 마케팅에 이르기까지 사업의 성과에 미치는 영향은 장기간 지속되기 때문에 합리적인 의사결정이 매우 중요하다. 특히 우리가 잘 알지 못하는 지역에서의 생산입지는 더욱 체계적이고 합리적인 방법을 적용할 필요가 있다. 본 실증연구의 대상 지역인 중국은 2050부터 미국을 앞지르는 세계최대의 경제대국을 표방하고 있는 상황임을 감안할 때, 수출의존도가 매우 높은 한국으로서는 대중국 직접 투자에 대한 연구가 매우 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 생산입지선정에 대한 선행연구에서 중요요인으로 고려된 바 있는 요인들을 정리하고, 한국 및 중국의 기업인들 및 전문가들에 의한 브레인스토밍(brain storming)방식의 설문을 통해서 평가 항목 대상들을 선정하였다. 생산입지 결정을 비롯한 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있는 계층분석과정(AHP: Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 이용하여 양국 기업인들 간 생산입지선정 시 고려하는 요인들에 대한 중요도 인식에 차이가 있는지 실증적으로 규명하기 위해서 중국의 상해 및 심양 지역을 대상으로 실증적인 연구를 하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

Recently, the deterioration of water quality in Wonju stream has been reported due to the increase in diverse pollution sources along with community development and urbanization. Various types of attempts with a huge budget were made for better water quality so far, but its effectiveness is still doubted. In order to establish site-oriented measures for water quality improvement, the topographic and hydrologic factors were evaluated based on site inspection and survey. As the major streams merged into the Wonju stream, the Hwa and Heungyang streams were found to have higher pollution loads and contributions compared to other streams due to the scattered livestock farms and industries, and vulnerable land use. Notably, the discharge water from the Wonju Public Sewage Treatment Plant had the highest level of pollution load, impacting on the water quality of Wonju Stream. According to the SWAT model as water quality measures, the improvement effect of water quality in this treatment plant can be reached to the reductions in BOD 11.06%, T-N 23.56%, T-P 10.60% when the proper managements applied, whereas the improvement of water quality would be 3.89%, 1.23%, and 3.32% for BOD, T-N, T-P, respectively, for the industries. The reduction of the livestock industry was generally very high as a pollution source, but it was not much higher at the end of Wonju Stream than other measures. These results recommended that the water q uality improvement measures should be designated for each upper-middle-lower section in Wonju stream.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The realities of Climate change and its untold implications on the livelihood of man are no longer new worldwide. In attempts to subdue the negative implications of Climate change scenario globally, several measures have being suggested and being put in place. One of such measures is urban reforestation especially in the developing nations where forest resources have extremely and uncontrollably exploited. Most of cities in developing nations are almost devoid of regularly maintained trees for whatever purpose. Thus, the enormous roles which urban tree performs are lacked in most cities. In order to subdue excessive heat in cities arising from exposure of urban land areas urban reforestation exercise needs to be embarked upon. The investigation was carried out through desk studies and review of relevant publications to examine what it entails to have a sustainable reforestation programme in cities. The study revealed that several factors need to be taken into consideration if sustainable urban reforestation will be achieved, especially in developing countries. These factors include urban soil nutrients status investigation, appropriate tree type study, public perception about the tree types, relevant legal instrument to achieve successful reforestation exercise in cities among others were found to be salient to this exercise. Urban reforestation has enormous potentials to subdue Climate change consequences, including urban renewal if adequate provision is made for its sustainability, especially in developing countries. To ensure this is realized it is recommended that relevant ministry/agency could be put in charge for the maintaining, cutting and replanting of urban tree and all that are involved in urban tree sustainability.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2021

This study aimed to enhance seed productivity and secure genetic resources for Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. We analyzed the characteristics of cone and seed generated by control pollination between Pinus densiflora (PD) and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis (PDM). The highest number of cone scales (63.0) was obtained from the self-pollinated (sp) PDM clone B (PDM-sp-B), whereas the lowest number of cone scales (44.7) was obtained from two combinations designated as PDM-A×PD-075 and PDM-A×PD-0111. Both female parents of the hybrids were PDM-A. The highest seed production capacity (80.8) was obtained from the open-pollinated (op) PDM clone B (PDM-op-B). The seed potentials of PDM-B×PD-0111, PDM-op-A, and PDM-sp-B were 67.4, 66.5, and 63.1, respectively. The highest number of fertile scales (41.5) was obtained from PDM-op-B, and the lowest number of fertile scales (28.8) was obtained from PDM-A×PD-075. The total number of aborted ovules and 1st aborted ovules was not statistically significant in the mating design. The cross combination of PDM-B×PD-0111 had the highest number (34.8) of filled seeds and the lowest number of 2nd aborted ovules (5.2) and empty seeds (9). PDM-op-B had the highest number of developed seeds (47.6), although the number of empty seeds was the highest (41.2). Therefore, we conclude that the mating design of PDM-B×PD-0111 is useful for future breeding programs to improve seed yield of PDM. Our results showed that there was a strong correlation between the following two parameter pairs: number of scales and number of fertile scales, and the number of fertility scales and seeds potential (r=0.89 and r=0.84, respectively; both p<0.01).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The study aims to examine population indices of mature trees in Jebel Elgarrie forest, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We used remote sensing techniques to stratify the forest into vegetation classes depending on tree density. We distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 ha) proportionally to the area of the vegetation classes. In each sample plot we identified, counted and recorded all mature trees (DBH ≥10 cm). We calculated frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness and diversity for each species and we drew abundance rank curve of mature trees. We used One-Way ANOVA to test for differences (α=0.05) in mean density (No./ha) of mature trees between vegetation classes. Results revealed that the forest was conveniently sub-divided into high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and bare farm land (C4) classes. We identified fifteen tree species that belong to 10 families and 14 genera. Combretaceae and Fabaceae were the common families while Anogeissus leiocarpa was the most frequently occurring species. While species diversity varied between vegetation classes, diversity of the forest as a whole is low. While mean density of mature trees in C1, C2, C3 and C4 it was 100, 74, 10, and 0, respectively, it was 54 for the whole forest indicating low stocking, Following One-Way ANOVA, multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in mean density of mature trees between C1 & C3 and C2 & C3. The study provided empirical results on population indices of mature tree species, which would be of importance for successful management and conservation of the forest.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2023

Salix gracilistyla is widely distributed along riversides in Korea and very good for biomass production by SRC because of its excellent germination ability, but it is necessary to measure drying tolerance for cultivation. The drought tolerance of S. gracilistyla was tested using cuttings, and growth and physiological analysis were performed after irrigation was stopped. The growth inhibition of S. gracilistyla was observed from the day irrigation was stopped, and the soil moisture content decreased to less than 10% on the 25th day after irrigation was stopped. Over 50% of the seedlings turned brown 25 days after watering was stopped. The chlorophyll content of S. gracilistyla decreased dramatically after 25 days of stopping of irrigation. RWC values were unchanged until day 12 after irrigation was stopped but decreased rapidly until day 21, but there was a slightly decreasing trend after that. RWL levels increased slightly during irrigation stops. The proline content of plants subjected to drought stress was 0.91-2.63 mg/0.05 g, 2.75 times higher than that of the control treatment. The sugar content of the drought stress treatment group was 29.77 to 350.66 mg/0.05 g, which increased 12.24 times that of the control treatment. As a result of this study, S. gracilistyla was found to have a drought tolerance almost comparable to that of evergreen broad-leaved trees growing on the land. This study is expected to contribute to the resource utilization S. gracilistyla, a native willow tree of Korea, and the mass production of biomass by SRC.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.792-800
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• 2012

본 연구는 남한강과 북한강 유역 내 경작지 각 3개소(site A, B, C)를 대상으로 Web GIS-based VFSMOD System의 HUFF & SCS UH-based VFS Design Module을 적용하여 강우 시 경작지에서 유출되는 고형물질 유출저감을 모의하였다. 북한강 유역 내에 위치한 site A의 노지 밭의 토지경사도 5%, 강우 106.2 mm 조건에서 고추 및 옥수수를 재배할 경우, 70% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감 효율을 얻기 위해서는 초생대 폭이 최소 0.5 m 이상, 토지경사도 10%인 경우 70% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감 효율을 얻기 위해서는 초생대 폭이 최소 1.0~1.5 m 이상 유지해야 한다. 남한강 유역 내에 site B의 노지 밭의 토지경사도 5%, 강우량 95.1 mm 조건에서 토마토 및 땅콩을 재배할 경우, 70% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위해서는 초생대의 폭이 최소 0.5 m, 토지경사도 10%인 경우 50% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위해서는 최소 1.0 m 이상의 폭을 갖는 초생대를 설치해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 남한강 유역 내에 site C의 노지 밭의 토지경사도 5%, 강우량 102.6 mm 조건에서 고구마 및 콩을 재배할 경우, 64.0% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위해서는 초생대의 폭이 최소 1.0 m, 초생대를 설치해야 하는 것을 분석되었다. 또한, 동일한 조건에서 강우지속시간 2시간의 강우량을 151.2 mm로 증가시킬 경우, 62.0% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위한 초생대의 최소 폭은 1.0 m 이상 설치해야 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 초생대 시설은 경작지와 같은 토지이용 시 친환경적인 고형물질 유출저감 방안으로 검토될 수 있으며, Web GIS-based VFSMOD System을 이용하여 다양한 토지특성과 강우 사상을 반영하여 적정한 규모의 초생대 설계가 가능할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2016

Metallothionein (MT) family of metal-binding proteins are involved in maintaining homeostasis and heavy metal poisoning. Recently, MT has been considered as a biomarker that can identify a particular species, very similar to the use of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Satsuma myomphala species of land snails have been reported from North-East Asia, including South Korea and Japan. In particular, the land snail species have been known from only a limited area of Geoje Island, Gyeongsangnam-do province of South Korea. Genetic studies of S. myomphala has been limited with only 6 nucleotide, 2 protein registered on the NCBI server. For elucidating the genetic information of S. myomphala, we conducted RNA sequencing analysis using Illumina HiSeq 2500 next-generation platform. We screened the MT gene from the RNA-Seq database to confirm the molecular phylogenetic relationship. After sequencing, the de novo analysis and clustering generated 103,774 unigenes. After annotation against PANM database using BLAST program, we obtained MT sequence of 74 amino acid residues containing the coding region of 222 bp. Based on this sequence, we found about 53 sequences using the BLAST program in NCBI nr database. Using ClustalX alignment, Maximum-Likehood Tree of MEGA program, we confirmed the molecular phylogenetic relationships that showed similarity with mollusks such as Helix pomatia and H. aspersa, Megathura crenulata.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

본 연구는 강원도 평창(고랭지)과 춘천(평탄지)의 두 지역에서 120일 동안 재배한 6가지 품종의 치콘용 치커리('Vintor', 'Focus', 'Nobus', 'Metafora', 'Kibora', 'Redoria Red')의 뿌리에서 생산한 치콘의 저장성을 비교하였다. 치콘 생산을 위해 수화한 치커리(Cichorium intybus L.) 뿌리는 $2^{\circ}C$, RH 90% 저장고에 120일간 저온처리한 후 $18^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 치콘 생산용 전용 양액($KNO_3\;0.54g{\cdot}L^{-1},\;Ca(NO_3)_2\;1.02g{\cdot}L^{-1},\;MgSO_4\;0.36g{\cdot}L^{-1},\;KH_2PO_4\;0.21g{\cdot}L^{-1},\;K_2SO_4\;0.10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, pH 7.0)을 공급하였다. 이렇게 생산 치콘은 $25{\mu}m$ 세라믹 필름으로 포장하여 $8^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였다. 저장중 생체중은 28일 동안 99.5% 수준까지 유지되었는데, 품종별로는 'Redoria Red'이 재배지역은 춘천에서 많이 감소하였다. 저장중 포장재내 산소는 $10{\sim}17%$, 이산화탄소는 2% 수준이었는데 품종이나 재배지역별로 통계적 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 생체중 감소가 컸던 'Redoria Red'에서 낮은 산소와 높은 이산화탄소 농도를 보였다. 저장중 포장재내 에틸렌 농도도 재배지역에 의한 차이는 없었으며, 품종별 차이에도 통계적 유의성은 없이 대체로 $1.0{\mu}{\iota}{\cdot}{\iota}^{-1}$ 수준이었다. 모든 처리에서 외관상 품질은 'Redoria Red'에 가장 먼저 저하되었는데, 에틸렌 피해 증상으로 알려진 적갈색 반점 증상(Russet spotting)이 나타나면서 외관상 품질이 저하되었다. 치콘 잎의 경도는 'Metafora', 'Focus', 'Kibora' 품종에서 높았으며, 평창재배 치콘이 춘천에서 재배된 것보다 높았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 치콘은 고랭지지역은 평창에서 재배한 것이 생체중과 경도가 적어 보다 높은 저장성을 보였으며, 품종별로 붉은색 품종인 'Redoria Red'가 가장 낮은 저장성을 보였으며 'Metafora', 'Focus', 'Kibora' 품종이 경도 등에서 높은 저장성을 나타내었다.