• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.164-176
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• 1990

Kok-Ryung covers the collar of underwear and protects the neck. It is between outer garment and underwear and its form is bent. According to literature, Cheom-Yu, Keup, and Pang-Ryung belong to Kok-Ryung. Kok­Ryung was used in Yemaek and also it was used as a part of the uniform of government officer in Song Dynasty. The results of the study were as follows: 1) With the changes of the times, Cheom-Yu was used in Ju Dynasty, Pang-Ryung was used in Han Dynasty, and Kok-Ryung was used from Nam-Jo through Soo, Tang, Song Dynasity. 2) Cheom-yu, Pang-Ryung, and Kok-Ryung were all made of long rectangular cloth. How­ever, Chemo-Yu and Pang-Ryung were adjusted in front of the neck, Kok-Ryung was adjusted on the back. 3) The purpose of Kok-Ryung was practial one of sweat clothes at first. But it became for decoration and dignity gradually. Therefore, the users of it were changed from the common people to high government officers. 4) Cheom-Yu, Po-Ryung, Keup, and Pang-Ryung were all a kind of scarf and they are the same with Kok-Ryung in the respect. They were put on between outer garment and underwear or attached under the collar of outer garment. 5) Kok-Ryung of Song-Sa seems to be the round collar the uniform of government officers and it is different from Kok-Ryung of Suk-Myung.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 2016

In this study, we tested anti-fatigue effect of Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK). We examined the exercise performance effects of KOK (600 mg/kg) at 2nd, 3rd and 4th week. The exercise performance of KOK treated group was significantly improved than that of vehicle control (VC) group on grip strength (2nd week), exhausted time of treadmill (3rd week) and exhausted time of weight loaded swimming (4th week). We also investigated the effects of KOK on the change of fatigue parameters in blood, skeletal muscle and liver after swimming exercise. KOK significantly reduced lactate level and enhanced glucose level in blood. Equally KOK significantly increased glycogen in skeletal muscle. However, the glycogen level of KOK in the liver was not significantly increased compared to VC group. These results show that supplementation of KOK may improve the anti-fatigue activity and exercise capacity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

Objectives : This study was conducted to reveal the scientific mechanism of the anti-skin aging activity of Kyung-Ok-Ko(KOK), which is highly useful as a Korean traditional medicine and functional food. Methods : The skin wrinkle and aging inhibitory activity of KOK was confirmed through in vitro experiments of human dermal fibroblast neonatal cell(HDFn) and in vivo of C. elegans, and hairless mouse(SKH-1). Results : The amount of the C-terminus of the collagen precursor in the HDFn cell culture medium treated with KOK using an enzymes-linked immunoassay kit. The group treated with KOK 200㎍/㎖ was a 28.3% increase of collagen precursor compared to the control group. KOK showed inhibitory activity of MMP-1 compared to the control group at a concentration of 200㎍/㎖. In addition, KOK 200㎍/㎖ showed significant inhibitory activity of thermal stress and an oxidative stress compared to the control group in C. elegans. Furthermore, KOK showed a concentration-dependent(100mg/kg and 500mg/kg) anti-wrinkle formation effect in UV-irradiated hairless mouse(SKH-1). Additionally, when KOK was administered to UV-irradiated hairless mice, an increase in procollagen -1 and -3 genes expression was observed, and mmp-1 and mmp-9 genes, which increase collagen decomposition, decreased with the administration of KOK. Conclusions : The skin aging inhibition mechanism of Kyung-Ok-Ko(KOK) is presumed to be achieved through suppressing thermal stress and oxidative stress, suppressing mmp-1 and mmp-9 genes, and increasing procollagen-1 and procollagen-3.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 1969

A new method for manufacturing the active seed starter (Korean Kok-Ja) has been studied, designed new method consists of the boiling process of raw wheat material and pure culture process of Rhizopus fungi. The feasibility study for industrialization of these methods have been performed, the liquefying and saccharifying activities were put to analysis and compared with conventional product of Kok-Ja. The isolated strains of mold from raw wht and Kok-Ja were idetified as Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger sp., Endomyces sp., and Fungi imperfecii. It is proved that the saccharifying and liquefying activities are much stronger than that of conventional product of Kok-Ja, and the growth of Rhizopus strain in boild what material are vigorous than that of old type Kok-Ja. Then it is considered the newly designed method is effective to manufacturing a fine better Kok-Ja.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2020

Kyung-Ok-Go (KOK) is a traditional prescription used for debilitating natural aging and post-illness debilitation. KOK has been used in a variety of ways because it strengthens immunity, prevents illness, and helps recovery in case of illness. In particular, recent research has revealed that KOK helps improve memory and cognition. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether KOK was effective in improving memory decline and depression-state observed during menopause. In the present study, we employed ovariectomized mouse as an animal model for measuring menopausal syndrome. The administration of KOK for 8 weeks, the object recognition memory and working memory were improved in novel object recognition test and Y-maze test. And in the forced swimming test, the immobility time were decreased. Additionally, the expression level of mature brain derived neurotropic factor (mBDNF) was increased by KOK administration in ovariectomized mouse hippocampus. These results suggested that KOK could improve cognitive decline and depression during menopausal period, and it might be come from enhancing expression level of mBDNF in hippocampus.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.741-748
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of KOK(kyungokko) experimentally used for longevity hematology, erythrocyte hemolysis and TBA(thiobarbituric acid) were measured, after LKOK(low concentration KOK) and HKOK(high concentration KOK) were administrated to mice pretreated with AAPH (2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane), hydrocholoride, free radical inducer. In hematology WBC and hemoglobin were reduced significantly, while the number of platelet was significantly incresed as compared with control. Erythrocyte hemolysis by damage of free radical on cell membrane of RBC and TBA(Thiobarbituric acid) were significantly inhibited in both sample groups as compared with control. These results suggest KOK had antioxidant effect.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.399-404
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• 2022

Russian dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E.Rodin, is an important alternative source of natural rubber. Thus, it is critical to identify the best season for natural rubber production and harvesting for this species. In this study, T. kok-saghyz was grown in experimental fields in Korea to check the variation in rubber content with the change in the season. Studies using T. kok-saghyz plants indicate that spring and autumn are the best seasons for rubber accumulation. For several reasons, our study suggests that planting in autumn and harvesting in late spring is the best strategy for economic cultivation in Korea. Our data will be useful for future commercialization of rubber production from T. kok-saghyz because time will be saved if the plant is grown and harvested in the optimum season.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

Objectives : A traditional herbal prescription, Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), has long been used in oriental medicine as an invigorant for age-related diseases, such as amnesia and stroke. However, the beneficial value of KOK for immune responses is largely unknown. Based on the above mentioned effects of KOK, other previous reports, and its use in traditional medicine, we hypothesized that KOK displays beneficial effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression. Methods : We investigated the effects of KOK (0.6 g/kg/day, oral (p.o.)) on deteriorated immunity caused by MTX (2 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in an immune suppression mouse model. MTX was fed to mice once a day for 7 days. After the immune responses of the mice deteriorated by MTX treatment, KOK in water was fed to the mice once a day for 14 days. We then measured the expression levels of various cytokines, such as T helper cell (Th1, Th2) cytokines, and the number of immune cells, such as spleen T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Results : The data showed that MTX decreased Th1 profiles (interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12) and the number of immune cells, and increased Th2 profiles (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), which were normalized significantly by post-administration of KOK. However, there was no significant difference in body-weight gain between MTX- and KOK-treated mice. Conclusion : These results indicate that KOK has immune-enhancing functions and reduces immunotoxicity of MTX, suggesting that supplementation with KOK will improve immune responses clinically and be useful for the prevention of immune-related diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.271-295
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• 1998

This study was performed from October 1997 to March 1998 on 42 healthy students to observe the effects of acupuncture at Hap-kok (LI4) according to the meridian and qi-xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. Skin temperature on the Kok-Chi(LI11) and Yong-Hyang(LI20) were measured by D. I. T. I. (Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging) before acupuncture stimulation, 1min after and after acupuncture stimulation during 10 min. 1. In healthful man, average skin temperature about Kok-Chi area was in low than Yong-Hyang, and temperature change for 10 min was decreased significantly. 2. In Kok-Chi, the temperature decrease index of execution was shown in low than control. 3. When the temperature of Yong-Hyang(left) was higher, the index was shown in high than control. 4. When the temperature of Kok-Chi (left) was higher, execution temperature change was decreased significantly than control. The above results indicates that D. I. T. I. was a useful method to observe follow-up the effects and changes by acupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system. Thus, acupuncture on LI4 affects to thermal changes of ST25 and LI4, but exact examination of thermal changes on ST25 will have to be.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.242-244
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• 1992

Conventionally in the industrial control, PlD controller has been used because of its robustness, and nonlinear characteristic of a system under control. Although the PlD controller produce suitable parameter of the each system and also variable of PlD controller should be changed according to environment, disturbance, load. In this paper, the convergence and learning accuracy of the back-propagation(BP) method in neural network are investigated by analyzing the reason for decelerating the convergence of BP method. and examining the rapid deceleration of the convergence when the learning is executed on the part of sigmoid activation function with the very small first derivative. The modified logistic activation function it proposed by defining the convergence factor based on the analysis and applied to the position and speed control of a DC-servo motor. This paper revealed for experimental, a neural network and a PD controller combined off-line system using developed the position and speed characteristics of a DC-servo motor.