• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.289.2-290
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• 2002

Choi group reported that Kamijadowhan (KMD). an oriental herbal medicine, has anti-angiogenic effects and it may be a potential agent for clinical chemoprevention since it inhibits angiogenesis. Objectives of this experiment are to investigate acute, genetic and reproductive/developmental toxicities of KMD preparations. Acute toxicity was performed after single administration of KMO (200-500 mg/kg) to mice. Supravital staining micronucleus assay was conducted using peripheral reticulocytes in mice. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 2014

This study was performed to assess the perception and needs of the traditional Korean Medical Equipment (KME) in clinic. We conducted survey research among 15,550 traditional Korean medical doctors (KMD) responded to e-mail during 2 weeks. 899 participants the survey, consisting of questions regarding 'number of devices of the KME' and 'solution and improvement plan of the KME'. The participants were asked to choose their ranking of problems of the KME and also put a check mark in the column that the reasons for this choice. As results, final scores in priority ranking medical devices were derived in 7 categories. Physical therapy equipment and acupuncture treatment devices were included in high ranks. 42.8 % of the participants responded that the diagnostic medical devices seemed important in clinics and 67.4 % of the participants indicated that the therapeutic medical devices seemed to important in clinics. The identified problems of KME were 'low reproducibility and reliability of a diagnosis result (24.8%)' and 'uncertain validity of a diagnostic medical devices (20.5%)'. The improvement plan of the problems were 'to establish the law for using the medical devices (26.6%)' and 'evaluation of validity of the KME (26.2%)'. A survey of KMD revealed the condition of KME's number of devices and the solution plan for the problem of several KMEs. Understanding the needs of KMD could probably contribute to the research and development of KMEs in the future.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2005

Korean medicated diet (KMD) is not a simple combination of food and Chinese drugs, but a special carefully constructed diet made from Sasang constitutional medicines, food and condiments under the theoretical guidance of diet preparation based on differentiation of symptoms and signs of traditional Sasang medicine (TSM). It combines the functional efficacy of medicine with the delicacy of food, and can be used to prevent and cure diseases, build up one's health and prolong one's life. Korean traditional medicated diet has a long history of development. Although influenced by Chinese medicine, Korean traditional medicine has been developed into a unique system of traditional medicine that has surpassed the continental medical practice, sublimating itself into a native medical practice suitable to Korean lifestyles and physical constitutions. In the 19th century, Lee Jema's Sasang medicine (medicine of four types of energy determining the physical constitution) was introduced. It is an integration of mind and body according to the individual's physical constitution that is categorized allowing a customized method of treatment ideal for each category-making the content of Korean traditional medicated diet even richer. The characteristics of Korean medicated diet are as follows: (1) Laying stress on the wole, selecting medicated diet on the basis of differential diagnosis. (2) Suitable for prevention and treatment, outstanding in effect. (3) Good in taste, convenient for taking. KMD refers to drink and food according to certain prescriptions, by processing and cooking that can be used either for prevention and cure of diseases, or for health care and recovery. The purpose of this review is to introduce TSM and KMD based on Sasang constitutional medicines.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.239-254
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• 2006

The 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM was held at Kanazawa on June $16^{th}$. From Korea team, 4 papers were presented. Dr. Hahn introduced a new approach of data analysis on series of n-of-1 trials using the Bayesian statistics. It offered important information for the future n-of-1 trials. Dr. Park clearly demonstrated the significance of various sham devices proposed and stressed the importance of research questions when we choose the control intervention in RCT. Dr. Lee reported the results of survey in Korean Medical Doctors (KMD) for their point selection and techniques to the distal and local points. Dr. Kim presented the results of face to face survey on the KMD with 28 items for acupuncture treatment on the knee OA. Finally, a draft of protocol was introduced by Dr. Kim. The title was "multi-center, a randomized, single blinded, two arms, parallel-group study to compare the effectiveness and safety of 'individualized acupuncture' and 'standardized minimal acupuncture' in Korean and Japanese patients with knee osteoarthritis (Phase IV)". From Japan team, 7 speakers presented their comments and proposals on the protocol. Dr. Takahashi introduced several issues regarding n-of-1 trials and pointed out the importance of obtaining generalizability from n-of-1 trials. Dr. Shichidou pointed the importance of research design, selection of outcome measures and reduction of biases. Dr. Itoh presented the results of point selection for the knee OA based on the literature survey. Dr. Sumiya introduced several differences between KMD and Japanese acupuncturists based on the questionnaire used in KMD survey. Dr. Furuya demonstrated a result of press tack needle and its sham device on shoulder stiffness. Dr. Yamashita introduced the results of literature survey regarding adverse events occurred by acupuncture on knee OA. Dr.Tsukayama stressed the importance of responsibility of Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the conduction of clinical trials. After several issues were discussed, the need of continued meeting for final protocol development was agreed, then the workshop was closed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

The spatial variation of ground motion in Kolkata Metropolitan District (KMD) has been estimated by generating synthetic ground motion considering the point source model coupled with site response analysis. The most vulnerable source was identified from regional seismotectonic map for an area of about 350 km radius around Kolkata. The rock level acceleration time histories at 121 borehole locations in Kolkata for the vulnerable source, Eocene Hinge Zone, due to maximum credible earthquake (MCE) moment magnitude 6.2 were generated by synthetic ground motion model. Soil investigation data of 121 boreholes were collected from the report of Soil Data Bank Project, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Surface level ground motion parameters were determined using SHAKE2000 software. The results are presented in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) at rock level and ground surface, amplification factor, and the response spectra at the ground surface for frequency 1.5 Hz, 3 Hz, 5 Hz and 10 Hz and 5% damping ratio. Site response study shows higher PGA in comparison with rock level acceleration. Maximum amplification in some portion in KMD area is found to be as high as 3.0 times compared to rock level.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.122-138
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a Korean Medicine(KM) Clinical Practice Guidelines(CPG) of female infertility. We conducted this questionnaire survey to reflect the experiences of Korean Medicine doctors(KMD) and clinical field in Korea. Method: We sent a questionnaire survey to KMD belonging to the Association of Korean Medicine by e-mail. We received 665 responds, and analyzed the answers. Results: 51.2% of respondents knew the previously developed CPG of female infertility, and 18.3% actually used. 83.3% agreed about the necessity of CPG of female infertility, and 80.3% had practical use plan. 90.2% of respondents treated less than 5 infertility woman for a month. 22.7% of respondents treated 50% of patients with collaborative treatment of KM and Western medical treatments. The main age group of patients was '35~40 years'(54.7%), and the most common cause was unexplained infertility(61.7%). The most common pattern identification of female infertility patients was Kidney deficiency(55.4%). KMD used 'a combination of decoction of herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment' the most(43%), and 'a decoction of herbal medicine treatment alone' was next(35%). 84.2% conducted lifestyle modification education about diet, stress, exercise etc. Conclusion: We figured out Korean Medicine doctors' recognition about CPG of female infertility, preference of treatments, and also characteristics of patients visiting Korean Medical clinics to make a practical CPG reflecting clinical situation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.483-497
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• 2014

Objectives: The aims of study were developing cut-off value of Yin-deficiency questionnaire (YDQ) for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency (YD) and compare diagnostic ability between YDQ and Yin-deficiency scale score (YDS) in xerostomia patients. Methods: We recruited 58 xerostomia patients. They were diagnosed YD or non-YD by 3 Korean medicine doctors (KMD). We assessed YD using YDQ and YDS. We evaluated xerostomia using VAS, Dry Mouth Symptom Questionnaire (DMSQ), Salivary Flow Rate (SFR), oral moisture on buccal mucosa and tongue surface (OMB and OMT). We surveyed tongue coatings using Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI). Results: We diagnosed 23 patients YD and 35 patients non-YD. There were no significant differences of age, sex and body mass index between the YD and non-YD groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of YDQ was defined as 304. Sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of YDQ were 86.96%, 71.43% and 1.5839 respectively. Using Cohen's coefficient of agreement, we found that degree of agreement between KMD and YDQ diagnosis was moderate (${\kappa}$=0.524, p<0.001). Using Pearson's correlation analysis, we found concurrent validity of YDQ and YDS were significant correlated. Using area under curve value, we found diagnostic ability between YDQ and YDS were not significantly different (p=0.505), but there were more strong correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDQ (r=0.731, p<0.001) than correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDS (r=0.418, p<0.01). Conclusions: The cut-off value of YDQ can diagnose YD in xerostomia and diagnostic ability of YDQ in xerostomia is better than YDS.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.239-257
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• 2007

Purpose : In the part of Ob & Gy disease, the health insurance application is very limited. This study has been performed for gaining the basic data of enlargement of insurance coverage and reform of the insurance system corresponded with real clinical conditions. Methods : The survey has been practiced twice, the subjective questionnaire was used at the first survey. Then the questionnaire written using the results of first survey was distributed to the Korean medical doctors(KMD) who participated in the autumn symposium of the society of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology. Results : 1. The main Ob & Gy disease that the acupuncture treatment has been used actually or thought be positively necessary on the clinic were Dysmenorrhea(including premenstrual syndrome), Climacteric syndrome, Menstrual disorder, Postpartum Pain syndrome. Amenorrhea, Low back pain with pregnancy, JingHa(pelvic tumor), Infertility etc. 2. The main additional complex the sick and wounded names given to visiting patients for Ob & Gy disease as the limits of acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Low back Pain(J10), Qi-stasis(B13.0), SimHwaHangYeom(C2l.1). 3. Suitable the sick and wounded name of Ob & Gy disease thought be added in BokGangNae(Intra-abdominal acupuncture: CV13 ${\cdot}$CV16${\cdot}$CV10). TuJa(Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion : SP6-GB39), TuJa(PC6-TE5) among acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Dysmenorrhea(K05). Menstrual disorder(K02) and Dysmenorrhea(K05), Hyperemesis(K16.0). 4. Climacteric syndrome(K04) and Dysmenorrhea(K05) should be added as suitable the sick and wounded name of TuJa(SP6-GB39), and Postpartum pain syndrome(K29) as KwanJeolGangNea(Intra-articular acupuncture: S35, LE201). Conclusion : Standing on this study, additional survey to general KMD should be continued. And the academic verifications through the oriental medical literatures and RCT papers on acupuncture should be also required.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

Shin Hong-Gyun and his family have been in medicine for many generations as Korean Medical Doctors (KMDs). In 1919 when Shin Hong-Gyun was participating in an independence movement in Jang-Baek-Hyun, his younger brother Shin Dong-Gyun was killed by Japanese military police forces. This tragic incident triggered Shin Hong-Gyun to establish an army for national independence called , holding 200 young men, to serve in armed struggle against the Japanese Government with Kim Jung-Geon in May, 1920. In March 1933, Shin Hong-Gyun, as a military surgeon, led his men to the Korean Independence Army to fight a battle. Once he became a member of the Korean Independence Army, he, in fact, participated in few battles: Sadohaja, Dong-Kyung-Sung, Deajeonjayeong. Daejeonjayeong was a waypoint that the Japanese military needed to pass through in order to reach the Wangcheong area. Shin Hong-Gyun's independence forces had to endure painful starvation and heavy rain while hiding in ambush for long periods of time until the Japanese military would appear. Due to its summer rainy season, rainwater overflowed into their trenches and was filled up to the waist. Even worse, food stockpiles were low and the Japanese army did not appear for longer time. Shin Hong-Gyun's entire team suffered severe hunger and extreme cold. At this critical moment, Shin Hong-Gyun used his expertise as a KMD to find edible black mushrooms that grow wild in the mountains and use them to feed his men. This event led to the victory of the independence army at the battle of Daejeonjayeong. The purpose of the paper is to inform and highlight the forgotten history of Shin Hong-Gyun who was, both, a Korean Medical Doctor and a military surgeon.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.389.1-389.1
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• 2002

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine the quantities of curcumin and glycyrrhizin in two different oriental herbal preparations of Kamijadowhan (KMD. NKMD). Two compounds were separated in less than 10 min with a Nova-Pak $C_{18}$ column ($3.9{\times}150$ mm ($5{\mu}$ particle size) by linear gradient elution using 0.03% (v/v) phosphoric acid-acetonitrile (60:40. v/v% at 0 min; 40:60 v/v% at 6 mini as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.8 ml $min^{-1}$. (omitted)