• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-85
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• 2010

Objective & Method: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of herbal-acupuncture with Corni Fructus extract (CF-HA) at Eumgok(KI10) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) ddy mice. I carried out several experimental items to analyze the changes in body weight, uterine weight, uterus index, tibial length, the ash bone weight, tibial BMD, the levels of serum ALP, osteocalcin, Ca, P and the levels of tibial Ca, P, Ca/P ratio, and we performed histological and histomorphological analysis as well. Result: 1. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly did not increase the level of bone mineral density in overiectomized mice. 2. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly decreased the level of serum phosphorus in ovariectomized mice and sinificantly increased the level of serum calcium in ovariectomized mice. 3. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly increased the levels of tibial calcium and phosphorus in ovariectomized mice. 4. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly decreased the number of tibial osteoclast like cell in ovariectomized mice. 5. In the histomorphometric analysis of tibia, GPL(growth plate length) was significantly decreased by CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) in ovariectomized mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) may have useful therapy effects on osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4353-4358
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• 2013

Introduction: Breast cancer aggressiveness can be correlated with proliferation status of tumor cells, which can be ascertained with tumor grade and Ki67 indexing. However due to lack of reproducibility, the ASCO do not recommend routine use of Ki67 in determining prognosis in newly diagnosed breast cancers. We therefore aimed to determine associations of the Ki67 index with other prognostic markers like tumor size, grade, lymph node metastasis, ER, PR and HER2neu status. Methods: A total of 194 cases of newly diagnosed breast cancer were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, HER2neu and Ki67 was performed by the DAKO envision method. Associations of the Ki67 index with other prognostic factors were evaluated both as continuous and categorical variables. Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.7 years (24-90). Mean Ki67 index was 26.9% (1-90). ER, PR, HER2neu positivity was noted in 90/194 cases (46.4%), 74/194 cases (38.1%) and 110/194 cases (56.70%) respectively. Significant association was found between Ki67 and tumor grade, PR, HER2neu positivity and lymph node status, but no link was apparent with ER positivity and tumor size. There wasan inverse relation between Ki67 index and PR positivity, whereas a direct correlation was seen with HER2neu positivity. However, high Ki67 (>30%) was associated with decreased HER2neu positivity as compared to intermediate Ki67 (16-30%). The same trend was established with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Our study indicates that with high grade tumors, clinical utility of ki67 is greater in combination with other prognostic markers because we found that tumors with Ki67 higher than 30% have better prognostic profile compared to tumors with intermediate Ki67 level, as reflected by slightly lower frequency of lymph node metastasis and HER2neu expression. Therefore we suggest that Ki67 index should be categorized into high, intermediate and low groups when considering adjuvant chemotherapy and prognostic stratification.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.165-196
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal-acupuncture with Acanthopanacis cortex extract (AC-HA) at KI10 (Eumgok) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) ddy mice. Methods : We carried out several experimental items to analyze the changes in body weight, uterine weight, uterus index, tibial length, the ash bone weight, tibial BMD, serum ALP, serum creatinine, serum osteocalcin, serum Ca, and the levels of Ca, P, Ca/P ratio in tibia, and we performed histological and histomorphological analysis as well. Results : Tibial BMD was significantly decreased by OVX, while significantly increased by AC-HA at KI10. Serum creatinine level was significantly increased by OVX, while significantly decreased by AC-HA at KI10. Serum osteocalcin level was significantly increased by OVX, while significantly decreased by AC-HA at KI10. Tibial TBV(trabecular bone volume) was significantly decreased by OVX, while significantly increased by AC-HA at KI10. AC-HA at KI10 significantly suppressed the OVX-induced increase of GPL(growth plate length) of tibia in mice. Conclusion : These results suggest that AC-HA at KI10 has a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in OVX mice.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.571-576
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• 1994

One strain of cellulose-producing Acetobacter was isolated from the traditionally fermen- ted grape vinegar in Korea. The isolated strain, designated as KI strain was identified as the Acetobacter xylinum with respect to physiological and biochemical characteristics. KI produced acetic acid from ethanol, and then decomposed acetate to CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$O. When the isolated strain was cultivated statically in broth culture, a thick cellulose pellicle was formed. KI was tolerance of 8% ethanol and 30% glucose, and the isolate was positive in ketogenesis from glycerol, $\gamma$-pyrone from glucose and fructose, and 2-ketogluconic acid from glucose. KI strain possessed straight-chain C$_{18:1}$, C$_{16:0}$, and C$_{14:0}$ fatty acid, and contained ubiquinone Q$_{9}$ and Q$_{10}$ as isoprenoid quinone. DNA base composition of KI strain was 57.6% G+C.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 2004

This study is on the philosophy and medical science of Lee Gyu Jun, who is the author of SoMunDaeYo and UiGamJungMa. Lee Gyu Jun proposed that Providence is made of Ki, and the Pure Good of Ki is the composing principle of the universe. The Ki could be Pure Good because it embraces Reason of Law inside itself, as a part of itself. This developed as a result of absorbing the ideas from Han and Tang Dynasty's' Ki-Philosophy trend, the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty's Heart Nature Doctrine centered Ri(理:reason)-Monism trend, and Sim (心:heart) centered teachings of Wang Yang Ming, etc. Later, his philosophical Ki-Monism(氣一元 GiIlWon) and SimAngKiReon(心陽氣論) appears exactly in medical science and continues on to Ki-Monism(氣一元 GiIlWon) and SimHwaReon(心火論).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study, and were divided into a kidney tonifying acupuncture group(KI group), urinary bladder tonifying acupuncture group(BL group) and control group. Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Cun, Guan, and Chi in each time. Results : 1. BL group exhibited significantly reduced T1 / T, T4 / T, T4 / (T-T4), T5 / T and increased(T-T4) / T compared to KI group. 2. BL group showed increase of radial augmentation index / heart rate(RAI / HR) in left Cun, H5, Ad / Ap in left Chi, H1, As / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. BL group showed decrease of As / Ap, Aw / Ap in left Chi, H1, pulse depth, Ad / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. 3. KI group showed increase of Aw / Ap, H1, H2, H4, pulse area in right Guan, pulse depth in right Chi compared to BL group. KI group showed decrease of RAI in left Cun, applied pressure, pulse depth in left Guan, Aw / Ap in right Chi compared to BL group. Conclusions : The effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder in healthy humans have been observed on various parameters. The parameters analysed in this study can be used to differentiate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-145
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• 1996

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.376-381
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• 2006

Background: The Ki-67 protein is a biomarker associated with cell proliferation and a valuable negative prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. We investigated the Ki-67 protein expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer to evaluate the impact on clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative prognosis. Material and Method: Using monoclonal antibody Ki-67, we immunohistochemically examined 38 surgically resected non-small ceil lung cancers to determine Ki-67 Labeling Index (LI). We analysed the differences of clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative recurrence and survival between High Ki-67 Group $(LI{\ge}20%)$ and Low Ki-67 Group (LI<20%). Result: The Ki-67 LIs were heterogenous and a mean values was $20.0{\pm}20.05%$. There were no significant differences in age, sex, smoking, TNM stage, and vascular invasion between High Ki-67 Group and Low Ki-67 Group. A High Ki-67 Group was significantly associated with squamous cell type, poor differentiation, and lymphatic invasion $(p{\le}0.05)$. High Ki-67 Group showed a trend of lower survival (median 47.2 vs. 90.5 months, p=0.312) and lower disease-free survival (median 18.2 vs. 72.3 months, p=0.327) than Low Ki-67 Group. Conclusion: These results indicate that increased Ki-67 protein expression may be a negative prognostic factor and showed a trend of shortened survival and disease-free survival. To evaluate the pivotal role of Ki-67 protein expression, a long-term follow-up and further study are required.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate analgesic effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZM) pharmacopuncture on formalin-induced pains in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and ICR-mice. Methods : The subjects were divided 8 weeks aged rats with constant pain sensitivity into five groups; normal (treated with normal saline at Taegye (KI3) and before injected with normal saline at hindpaw), Con-1 (treated with normal saline at KI3 before injected with formalin at hindpaw), Lido-1 (treated with lidocaine at KI3), ZMWG-1 (treated with Hot water extraction pharmacopuncture of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at KI3), ZMEG-1 (treated with ethanol extraction pharmacopuncture of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at KI3). After 35 minutes, we measured ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and enzyme activities of both Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rat serum. In addition, Tail flick test is performed by injecting ICR mice at 5 weeks of age. And it classified into 4 groups (Con-2, Lido-2, ZMWG-2, ZMEG-2) according to the kind of drug (normal saline, lidocaine, ZMW, ZME). After each drug injection, we examined the reaction by placing the tail in water at $50^{\circ}C$. Results : ZME had analgesic effects in the early and late phase of USV during the formalin test. There were no significant differences between ZMEG-1 and Lido-1 in early and late phase of USV. Also, No significant differences observed in serum AST and ALT activity in ZMWG-1 and ZMEG-1 compared with Con-1. For tail-flick test, analgesic effect on warmth significantly increased in Lido-2 and ZMEG-2 compare to that of Con-2. Conclusion : ZME pharmacopuncture had analgesic effects on formalin-induced pain without liver toxicity. Also, tail-flick test suggest that ZME pharmacopuncture could be useful technique on analgesic effect on warmth and treatment of pains.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate association of giant cell tumors recurrence between markers of proliferation cells (MCM3, Ki-67 and HH3) Materials and Methods: Ten case of giant cell tumor of bone were reviewed. The patients were six males and four females (mean age: 33 yrs). All patients were done operation after biopsy. The radiologic grading was determined according to Enneking grading system. The immunohistochemical stains of MCM3, HH3, and Ki-67 were done with Microarray block. Results: The three cases of 10 cases (30%) were recurred at same sites. Two case of recurrence was grade II according to radiologic features. The remaining case was grade I. The expression rate of immunohistochemical markers in radiologic grade 2 and 3 were more increased than grade 1. But there was not association between radiologic grading and proliferation of tumor cells because result data was not coherence. Mean MCM3 labeling index of non-recurred case was 11.2%, recurred case was 7.2%. Ki-67 was 12% vs. 8.9%, respectively and HH3 was 66.9 % vs. 75.4%, respectively. Thus there was no association between local recurrence and immunohistochemical Ki-67, MCM3 expression rate. But HH3 marker expression rate was increased in recurred cases compared to non-recurred cases. Conclusion: Our study suggests that HH3 immunohistochemical marker can be a useful prognostic factor.