• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.143-161
• /
• 1993

1. 1991년 4월 1일부터 9월 27일까지 넙치의 Ceroid증 발생실험을 행하였다. 2. Ceroid증을 발생시키기 위하여 과산화물가가 90.4mEq/kg, 36.9mEq/kg, 15.5mEq/kg, 15.2mEq/kg인 산화사료를 투여한 실험군과 대조군의 성장은 과산화물가가 90.4mEq/kg인 산화사료를 첨가한 실험군에서는 3개월째 부터, 과산화물가가 36.9mEq/kg인 산화사료를 첨가한 실험군에서는 4개월째 부터 과산화 물가가 15.5mEq/kg, 15.2mEq/kg 및 대조군보다 둔화하였다. 3. 병리조직학적으로는 대조군은 정상적인 조직상을 나타냈으며 과산화물가가 높은 실험군일수록 간장, 비장과 신장조직에 Ceroid 침착량 및 조직변화가 심하였고 낮은 실험군일수록 변화가 적었으나 근육과 장조직에서는 과산화물가의 함량에 관계없이 별다른 이상을 발견할 수 없었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.254-264
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metals 'Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn' in some vegetables which were produced in Korea. The levels of heavy metals were determined using a mercury analyzer, an ICP(inductively coupled plasma spectrometer) and an AAS(atomic absorption spectrophotometer) after wet digestion. The values of heavy metals "mean(mini.~maxi.)" ppm(mg/kg) in some vegetables(raw of perilla leaf, chard, small water dropwort, water dropwort, kale, bud of aralia, pumpkin(round type) and pumpkin(long type) were as follows : Hg : 0.0021(0.0006~0.0054)mg/kg, Cd : 0.0035(ND*~0.0377)mg/kg, Pb : 0.0191(0.0023~0.0928)mg/kg, As : 0.0757(ND~0.5294)mg/kg, Zn : 2.6299(0.4478~6.8567)mg/kg, Cu : 1.0261(0.2046~8.9417)mg/kg, Cr : 0.1535 (0.0240~0.4982)mg/kg, Mn : 3.2476(0.3283~9.8280)mg/kg. This results showed that Mn was generally simillar to previous reports and Cd, Hg, Pb were lower than other reseaches, but As was little higher or Zn, Cu, Cr were higher than the levels of those reported contents in some vegetables on domestic supermarkets in Korea, Although tolerable limit of Hg and Cd is not in a regulation of WHO/FAO, these mean levels(Pb, As, Zn, Cu) are lower than recommended levels of WHO/FAO, Pb "0.1~2.0" mg/kg, As "1.0" mg/kg, Zn "5.0" mg/kg and Cu "0.1~50"mg/kg from vegetables in 'the tolerable contents of food' by the FAO/WHO, therefor some vegetables has set to evaluate their safeties.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2020

Purpose : This study was performed to comparison of distance change of subacromial space according to shoulder abduction angle in loaded and unloaded conditions. Methods : The subjects were 20 male college students, and the subacromial space was measured using an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus. The participants shoulder abduction was measured during each shoulder resting position and 45 ° abduction with loads of 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg. The collected data were analyzed by a paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA with the SPSS (Ver. 22) program. Results : The subacromial space showed statistically significant decreased in 45 ° abduction than resting position (p<.001). All the subacromial space increased during the according to loads (1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg) at the resting position but at 45 ° abduction showed statistically significant decreased as the load increases (p<.05). Also, subacromial space showed significant changes in the 2kg, 3kg compared with the 0kg loads. Conclusion : These results identified that shoulder abduction angle and load were related to subacromial space. When resting position, subacromial space is larger at loads than unload. As the load and shoulder abduction angle increase, subacromial space is reduced compared to resting.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of cucumber, watermelon and tomato. The seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates of bioceramic podwers, crushed shell and elvanites. The growth of cucumber seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic. powder (1 to 2g/kg), crushed shells (20 to 80g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 80g/kg). Watermelon seedlings in terms of plant height, number of leaves and leaf area were greater than those of the control by adding bioceramics (1 to 2g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic power from 16 days after treatment. But leaf area was increased from 8 days after treatment, while stem diameter was not affected. Watermelon seedlings were also influenced by adding curshed shells (20 to 80g/kg) and elvanites (20 to 40g/kg) into each substrate. The growth of characteristics of tomato seedlings were promoted by adding 1 to 3g/kg of bioceramics, 10 to 80g/kg of crushed shell or 20 to 40g/kg of elvanites, respectively. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by crushed shells and elvanites suppemented into substrate.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2015

Urea has been the most useful N-source, due to lower cost per unit of N. But nitrogen use efficiency of urea may be reduced because of losses from agricultural system by volatilization of ammonia to atmosphere. This study was conducted to evaluate the nitrogen efficiency and growth of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by mixed treatment with nitrogen and zeolite. They were treated with N $161kg\;ha^{-1}$, N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$, nitrogenzeolite mixture (NZM) $161kg\;ha^{-1}$, NZM $230kg\;ha^{-1}$ and N $0kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. In the soil chemical properties after experiment, soil pH decreased but available $P_2O_5$, EC and total nitrogen increased in nitrogen-zeolite mixture treatment. $NO_3-N$ content in the soil showed the highest level in NZM $230kg\;ha^{-1}$. NZM $161kg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment increased growth and yield of hot pepper compared to urea alone. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of hot pepper plant was 47.15% at the treatment of NZM $161kg\;ha^{-1}$, while 36.74% at N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$. These results showed that application of mixture of nitrogen and zeolite had positive influence to improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and increase of red pepper yield.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권7호
• /
• pp.1038-1048
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 시중에 유통되고 있는 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품 18종 총 52건을 microwave로 습식분해 후 ICP-MS 및 Mercury Analyzer를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 잔류량을 분석한 결과, 평균 0.421(0.032~1.630), 0.157(0.011~0.515), 1.033(0.112~9.933), 6.923(1.333~16.755), 0.010(0.001~0.088) mg/kg이 검출되었다. 사용된 부위별 납 검출 수준을 살펴보면 잎(Herba, 1.032 mg/kg)이 다른 부위에 비해서 유의적인 수준으로 높았으며, 열매(fructus, 0.222 mg/kg), 뿌리줄기(Rhizoma, 0.179), 씨(semen, 0.153 mg/kg) 부위의 납 함량이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 카드뮴 또한 해조류(algae, 0.304 mg/kg), 잎(0.298 mg/kg)을 사용한 제품에서 유의적인 수준으로 높게 잔류하였다(p<0.05). 또한 카드뮴은 다시마를 원료로 한 환제품 총 4건 중 2건(0.431, 0.370 mg/kg)에서, 인진쑥환 총 7건 중 5건(0.315~0.515 mg/kg)에서, 당귀환 1건(0.338 mg/kg), 표고버섯환 1건(0.394 mg/kg)에서 한약재 기준인 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하는 수준으로 검출되었다. 따라서 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품에 대한 카드뮴의 조속한 기준설정 및 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 대부분의 중금속 잔류량이 높았던 잎(Herba)의 중금속별 평균 함량은 Cu 6.480 mg/kg> Cr 2.291 mg/kg> Pb 1.032 mg/kg> Cd 0.298 mg/kg> Hg 0.016 mg/kg 순서로 나타났다. 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품 섭취 시 중금속에 대한 안전성 평가를 위해 제품을 통한 중금속의 주간섭취량과 FAO/WHO에서 제시하는 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI), 1인 1일 최대섭취허용량(PMTDI)과 미국환경보호청(U.S. EPA)의 만성경구섭취 참고용량(RfD)과 비교하여 %PTWI를 구하였다. 금속별 주간 섭취량과 %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 각각 평균 0.280(0.018~1.272), 0.113(0.002~0.648), 0.630(0.053~4.975), 6.366(0.289~43.217), 0.011(0.000~0.210) ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/week이었으며, %PTWI는 1.112(0.072~5.088), 1.614(0.029~9.257), 3.000(0.252~23.690), 0.182(0.008~1.235), 0.220(0.000~0.420)%로 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품을 통한 중금속 섭취량은 안전한 수준으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 2010

Chromium as a constituent of rocks occurs naturally in the environment in varying concentrations. However, the human activity has changed the geochemical cycle of chromium in the environment and has caused the chromium accumulation in soils. Korean soils revealed a wide range of chromium contents depending on parent material and land use. The total chromium contents of volcanic ash soils in Jeju, which were determined using $HNO_3$ + $HClO_4$ + HF, ranged from 434 to 1,164 mg $kg^{-1}$. The 'ecological' total chromium contents extracted using conc. HCl + conc. $HNO_3$ (aqua regia) in the same soils varied in a lower range of 50-189 mg $kg^{-1}$ (averaged percentage of aqua regia contents in $HNO_3$ + $HClO_4$ + HF contents: 14.9%). Serpentine soils in Andong showed a 'ecological' total chromium content of 309 mg $kg^{-1}$ and against it granitic soils in Andong only 20 mg $kg^{-1}$. In uncontaminated forest soils of Korea, the 'ecological' total chromium contents varied from 4.89 to 106 mg $kg^{-1}$ and the soluble chromium contents determined using 0.1 M HCl ranged from 0.01 to 0.64 mg $kg^{-1}$ (averaged percentage of 0.1 M HCl contents in aqua regia contents: 0.4%). Arable lands contained more soluble chromium than reported in forest soils (averaged soluble chromium: 0.36 and 0.09 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively). In particular, the soluble chromium contents in greenhouse, orchard and upland soils were higher than in contaminated soils near mine and industrial site (maximum contents: greenhouse 15.3 mg $kg^{-1}$; upland 12.1 mg $kg^{-1}$; orchard 8.29 mg $kg^{-1}$; mine site 4.76 mg $kg^{-1}$; industrial site 2.80 mg $kg^{-1}$). On the basis of these results a accumulation of chromium in some specific arable lands can be assumed, probably by long-continued applications of fertilizers or soil amendments containing chromium. In Korean Enforcement Decree of the Soil Environment Conservation Act soil standards for total chromium do not exist yet.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.4025-4030
• /
• 2012

Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress is a life-threatening side effect of doxorubicin (DOX). We investigate the effects of short-term exercise as therapeutic tool for improvement of cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat. Methods: Wistar males (weighing $257{\pm}28g$) were divided into six groups: (1) control+placebo (2) control+DOX $10mg.kg^{-1}$ (3) control+DOX $20mg.kg^{-1}$ (4) training+placebo (5) training+ DOX$10mg.kg^{-1}$ (6) training+DOX $20mg.kg^{-1}$. Cardiotoxicity was induced by DOX (10 and $20mg.kg^{-1}$). The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 experienced treadmill running of 25 to $39min.day^{-1}$ and 15 to $17m.min^{-1}$, 5 days/wk for 3 wk. At the end of the endurance training program, rats in the 1 and 4 groups, in the 2 and 5 groups and in the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX $10mg.kg^{-1}$ and DOX $20mg.kg^{-1}$, respectively. Result: DOX administration (10 and $20mg.kg^{-1}$) caused significant increase in MDA and Apelin, an insignificant increase in NO and a significant decrease in SOD, as compared to the C+P group. Three weeks of the pretreatment endurance exercise resulted in a significant increase of Apelin and SOD, an insignificant increase of NO and an insignificant decrease of MDA, as compared to the C+P group. Furthermore, after three weeks of endurance training and DOX treatment with $10mg.kg^{-1}$ and $20mg.kg^{-1}$, a significant increase in apelin and SOD, and a significant decrease in MDA were detected in comparison to C+DOX10 and/or C+DOX20 groups. There was a significant difference between DOX$10mg.kg^{-1}$ and DOX$20mg.kg^{-1}$ treatments in MDA levels only. Conclusion: Pretreatment exercise may improve myocardial tolerance to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of antioxidants in heart tissue.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 2016

Coals and coal ashes, raw materials and by-products, in coal-fired power plants contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). They may give rise to internal exposure to workers due to inhalation of airborne particulates containing radioactive materials. It is necessary to characterize radioactivity concentrations of the materials for assessment of radiation dose to the workers. The objective of the present study was to analyze radioactivity concentrations of coals and by-products at four coal-fired plants in Korea. High purity germanium detector was employed for analysis of uranium series, thorium series, and potassium 40 in the materials. Radioactivity concentrations of $^{226}Ra$, $^{228}Ra$, and $^{40}K$ were $2{\sim}53Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $3{\sim}64Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $14{\sim}431Bq\;kg^{-1}$ respectively in coal samples. For coal ashes, the radioactivity concentrations were $77{\sim}133Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $77{\sim}105Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $252{\sim}372Bq\;kg^{-1}$ in fly ash samples and $54{\sim}91Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $46{\sim}83Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $205{\sim}462Bq\;kg^{-1}$ in bottom ash samples. For flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, the radioactivity concentrations were $3{\sim}5Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $2{\sim}3Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $22{\sim}47Bq\;kg^{-1}$. Radioactivity was enhanced in coal ash compared with coal due to combustion of organic matters in the coal. Radioactivity enhancement factors for $^{226}Ra$, $^{228}Ra$, and $^{40}K$ were 2.1~11.3, 2.0~13.1, and 1.4~7.4 for fly ash and 2.0~9.2, 2.0~10.0, 1.9~7.7 for bottom ash. The database established in this study can be used as basic data for internal dose assessment of workers at coal-fired power plants. In addition, the findings can be used as a basic data for development of safety standard and guide of Natural Radiation Safety Management Act.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 우리 나라에 있어서의 도시(都市)와 농촌(農村)의 비점원(非點源) 오염물질(汚染物質) 배출량(排出量)과 강우시(降雨時) 유출(流出)에 따르는 농도(濃度)의 양상(樣相)을 조사(調査)하였다. 주요분석항목은 COD, BOD, SS 이었으며 1981년(年) 5월(月)부터 8일(日)까지 수행(遂行)되었다. 도시지역(都市地域)의 비점원(非點源) 오염물질(汚染物質) 배출량(排出量)은 강우강도(降雨强度)와 강우지속시간(降雨持續時間) 등이 영향을 주었는 데 초기우수(初期雨水)에서 그 농도(濃度)는 유량(流量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 높아지는 양상(樣相)을 띤다. 또, 집중강우시(集中降雨時) 유량(流量)이 급격히 증가(增加)하더라도 그 농도(濃度)는 희석되기 때문에 그만큼 증가(增加)하지 않는다. 최대강우(最大降雨) 이후(以後) 다시 새로운 강우(降雨)가 형성(形成)될 때 오염물질(汚染物質)의 농도(濃度)는 초기강우(初期降雨) 이전(以前)의 농도(濃度)보다 낮은 경우가 있는데 이것은 하수천(河水川) 및 하수거(下水渠)에 침적된 오염물질(汚染物質)이 강우(降雨)에 의해 씻어 내려갔기 때문이다. 그러나 최대유량(最大流量) 이후(以後) 초기강우(初期降雨)보다 큰 강우강도(降雨强度)가 지속(持續)되는 경우에는 유량(流量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 오염물질(汚染物質)의 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)한다. 도시지역(都市地域)의 강우시(降雨時) 면적당(面積當) 비점원(非點源) 오염물질(汚染物質)의 배출량(排出量)은 COD 489.9~1.328 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 690.5 kg/ha/yr이고, BOD 226.8~614.8 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 319.7 kg/ha/yr이고, SS 589.7~1,598.5 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 831.2 kg/ha/yr로 산출된다. 농촌지역(農村地域)에서는 침전(沈澱)되었던 생활하수(生活下水), 퇴비 침출수 및 기타 농업폐기물(農業廢棄物) 등에 의해서 오염물질(汚染物質)이 흘러나온다. 논의 경우 면적당(面積當) 비점원(非點源) 오염물질(汚染物質) 배출량(排出量)은 COD 21.7~114 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 62.34 kg/ha/yr이고, BOD 9.53~34.5 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 18.65 kg/ha/yr이며, SS 8.35~29.57 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 16.12 kg/ha/yr로 나타났다. 한편, 경작지의 경우 COD 46.3~171.8 kg/ha/yr범위로 평균(平均) 91.9 kg/ha/yr이고, BOD 11.7~42.5 kg/ha/yr범위로 평균(平均) 22.98 kg/ha/yr이고, SS 11.4~43.4 kg/ha/yr범위로 평균(平均) 23.09로 나타났다. 축산지역(畜產地域)의 오염물질(汚染物質)은 강우시(降雨時) 가축(家畜) 및 청소수(淸掃水), 퇴비국물에 기인한다. 면적당(面積當) 비점원(非點源) 오염물질(汚染物質) 배출량(排出量)은 COD 2,489~6,658 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 3,804 kg/ha/yr이고, BOD 464~2,900 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 2,047 kg/ha/yr이며, SS 729~1,442 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 1,149 kg/ha/yr로 나타났다. 산림지역(山林地域)의 오염물질(汚染物質)은 강우시(降雨時) 나뭇잎이 퇴적되어 형성(形成)된 유기물층(有機物層)으로부터, 침출수(浸出水)가 씻겨져 내려오는 경우이다. 면적당(面積當) 비점원(非點源) 오염물질(汚染物質)의 배출량(排出量)은 COD 5.45~18.56 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 9.86 kg/ha/yr이고, BOD 1.67~7.54 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 3.48 kg/ha/yr이며, SS 9.74~10.35 kg/ha/yr로 평균(平均) 4.64 kg/ha/yr로 나타났다.