• Title/Summary/Keyword: KCL-2

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Evaluating the Performance of Blended Fertilizer Draw Solution in Reuse of Sewage Water Using Forward Osmosis (정삼투를 이용한 하수의 재이용에서 혼합비료 유도용액의 성능 평가)

  • Kim, Seung-Geon;Lee, Ho-Won
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 2020
  • This paper aims to reuse sewage by a forward osmosis using a blended fertilizer as a draw solution. This work deals with the primary sedimentation basin influent, effluent, and secondary sedimentation basin effluent from J sewage treatment plant. The average permeate water flux was higher in the order of the blend of KCl and NH4Cl > KCl and NH4H2PO4 > KCl and (NH4)2HPO4, and the reverse solute flux was lower in the order of the blend of KCl and NH4H2PO4 < KCl and NH4Cl < KCl and (NH4)2HPO4. Regardless of the blended fertilizer, the permeate water flux of the effluent from the secondary sedimentation basin was the highest. The blended fertilizer of KCl and NH4H2PO4 was found to be most useful for the reuse of sewage because it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are the major components of a fertilizer, and has a low reverse solute flux. When the blend of KCl and NH4H2PO4 was used as a draw solution, the average permeate water and reverse solute flux for the secondary sedimentation basin effluent were 12.14 L/㎡hr and 0.012 mol/㎡s, respectively.

Changes in the Properties of Myofibrillar Proteins from Broiler Meat during Cold and Frozen Storage (육계육의 냉장 및 동결저장 중 근원섬유 단백질의 특성 변화)

  • 박창식;문윤희
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 1987
  • This study was carried out to compare the changes in the extractability, biological activity, and solubility of myofibrillar proteins and actomyosins during storage period at 4$^{\circ}C$ and -20$^{\circ}C$in pectoral. and leg muscle of broiler meat. 1. The results obtained are as fellows ; The extractabilities of myofibrillar proteins in pectoral and leg muscle were increased gradually to 7-days during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ and decreased slightly during frozen storage at -20$^{\circ}C$. The extractabilities of actomyosins in pectoral and legmuscle were not greatly changed during cold storage and decreased gradually during frozen storage. 2. The Ca$\^$2+/-ATP ase activities of myofibrillar proteins in the both muscles were not greatly changed to 7-days during cold storage, and in the case of frozen storage, those were highest on the 2nd week, thereafter decreased with storage period. The Ca$\^$2+/-ATPase activities of actomyosins in pectoral and leg muscle were decreased sightly only frist day during cold storage and decreased gently during frozen storage. 3. Myofibrillar proteins in the both muscles were solubilized completely at 0.20M KCl in fresh meat, at 0.25M (pectoral) and 0.30M KCl (leg) in the cold storage, and at 0.30M KCl in the frozen storage. Actomyosins of both muscles were solubilized completely at 0.40M KCl in fresh meat, cold and frozen storage.

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The Improvement of surface activity and Emulsification Activity by Transformation of Lipase Gene in Klebsiella sp. KCL-1, Oil-Degrading Bacterium. (Lipase gene의 도입에 의한 유류분해세균 Klebsiella sp. KCL-1의 표면활성과 유화력 향상)

  • 정수열
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.834-839
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    • 2004
  • To improve and oil degrading activity, the lipase gene from Pseudomonase sp. was transformed into Klebsiella sp. KCL-l, an oil degrading bacterium. The selected trasformant was named as a KCL-1/pET-Lip. The surface tension of culture broth of KCL-1/pET-Lip was decreased to 33 dyne/cm from 55 dyne/cm using 4% (v/v) soybean oil as sole carbon source. The surface tension were 44 and 37.5 dyne/cm, to 2% (w/v) glucose and 4% (v/v) kerosene medium, respectively. The emulsification activity of the biosurfactant solution containing lipase of KCL-l/pET-Lip improved better than wild type KCL-l. The soybean oil was most efficient carbon source and substrate for surface activity and emulsification activity of KCL-1/pET-Lip. The expression of lipase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE.

A Basic Study on Capture and Solidification of Rare Earth Nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Salt Using an Inorganic Composite With Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3 System (Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3 구조의 무기합성매질을 이용한 LiCl-KCl 공융염 내 희토류 핵종(Nd)의 분리 및 고화에 관한 기초연구)

  • Kim, Na-Young;Eun, Hee-Chul;Park, Hwan-Seo;Ahn, Do-Hee
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2017
  • The pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel generates LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt containing radioactive rare earth nuclides. It is necessary to develop a simple process for the treatment of LiCl-KCl eutectic waste in a hot-cell facility. In this study, capture and solidification of a rare earth nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt using an inorganic composite with a $Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-B_2O_3$ system was conducted to simplify the existing separation and solidification process of rare earth nuclides in LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt from the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. More than 98wt% of Nd in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt was captured when the mass ratio of the composite was 0.67 over $NdCl_3$ in the eutectic salt. The content of $Nd_2O_3$ in the Nd captured-composite reached about 50wt%, and this composite was directly fabricated into a homogeneous and chemical resistant glass waste in a monolithic form. These results will be utilized in designing a process to simplify the existing separation and solidification process.

The Effects of Abscisic Acid (ABA) on $Cd^{2+}$-induced Physiological Responses in Commelina communis L. (Abscisic acid가 $Cd^{2+}$에 의한 닭의장풀이 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee Joon Sang
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.47-51
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    • 2005
  • Three-weeks old Commelina communis was transferred to Hoagland solution (Control, 100 μM Cd/sup 2+/, 100 μM Cd/sup 2+/ + 100 μM ABA, 100 μM Cd/sup 2+/+50 mM KCl) and grown for a week in the solution and then a number of physiological activities were investigated. In cases of Cd/sup 2+/ and Cd/sup 2+/ + ABA treatments, the growth of the plants was inhibited to 71 % and 81 %, respectively, when compared with the control, but there were no significant difference of plant growth between Cd/sup 2+/ and Cd/sup 2+/ + KCl- treated plants. In the treatments of Cd/sup 2+/, Cd/sup 2+/ + ABA and Cd/sup 2+/ + KCl total chlorophyll contents were reduced to 32%, 41% and 29%, respectively. In chlorophyll fluorescence experiments, Fv/Fm ratios were also reduced to 14∼20% and about 23%, respectively, according to the light intensity by Cd/sup 2+/ and Cd/sup 2+/+ABA-treated plants. Water stresses were increased by the treatment of Cd/sup 2+/, Cd/sup 2+/ + ABA and Cd/sup 2+/ + KCI. In Cd/sup 2+/ accumulation experiments Cd/sup 2+/ transport into the plant by ABA was not affected, but the accumulation of Cd/sup 2+/ into the roots was elevated to 13% when compared with the control. Cd/sup 2+/ transport into the root was markedly inhibited to 60% by KCl. Therefore, it could be concluded that ABA did not reduce the toxicities of Cd/sup 2+/, but enhanced Cd/sup 2+/ - induced toxicities and KCl showed no effect on Cd/sup 2+/ - induced toxicities.

Characterization of Crude Oil Degradation by Klebsiella sp. KCL-2 Isolated from Sea Water (유류오염 지역에서 분리된 Klebsiella sp. KCL-2에 의한 원유분해 특성)

  • 차재영;김혜선;조영수;이영춘;최용락
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.300-306
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    • 2000
  • Several bacterial strains utilizing crude oil as their sole carbon and energy source were isolated from polluted marine by crude oil. One of the strains, named KCL-2 showed strong degradation activity for crude oil. This strain was identified as a Klebsiella sp. based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The optimum cultural conditions were as follows; $27^{\circ}C$~$37^{\circ}C$ for temperature and 7.0 for initial pH. Additionally, the optimal concentration of sodium chloride was 3.0%, confirming indicating that this strain was derived from sea water.The strain KCL-2 could use several kinds of n-alkane hydrocarbones from octadecane to octacosane as a sole carbon source. The emulsifying activity by KCL-2 was the highest after 3 days of cultivation under the condition of 3.0% sodium chloride, pH 7.0 and 32$^{\circ}C$. This strain had several criptic plasmids.

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Crystal Growth and Luminescence Properties of KCl Doped with Eu2+ Ions (KCl:Eu 단결정 성장과 형광특성)

  • Je, Jae-Yong;Jang, Kyoung-Hyuk;Park, Chul-Woo
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.30-34
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    • 2011
  • Single crystal of KCl doped with $Eu^{2+}$ ions was grown by the Czochralski method in the high pressure Ar gas(purity 99.999 %) atmosphere with chamber pressure from which the crystal with high quality was obtained. As grown $KCl:Eu^{2+}$ crystal was checked by X-ray diffraction. Luminescence properties of KCl:Eu are investigated by laser-excitation spectroscopy under 355 nm excitation at 14 and 295 K. The broad emission band due to the $Eu^{2+}$ 5d $\rightarrow$ 4f transition is peaked at 417 nm with full width at half maximum of about 20 and 30 nm.

A Study on Synthesis of Potassium Sulfate used Sodium Sulfate and Potassium Chloride (황산나트륨과 염화칼륨을 사용한 황산칼륨 제조 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Il;Kim, Tae-Yeon;Chu, Yong-Sik
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2021
  • In this study, Na2SO4 and KCl reagents were used to synthesize K2SO4 as a basic study for recycling byproducts generated during the manufacture of steel and cement. The mole ratio of Na2SO4 to KCl, the saturation of the solution, and the stirring temperature were controlled to derive the optimal manufacturing conditions. The microstructure and crystallinity of the materials prepared were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Pure K2SO4 was obtained when the mole ratio of Na2SO4 to KCl was 1:6-18, the saturation of the solution was less than 160%, and the stirring temperature was 20℃, 50℃. The optimal manufacturing conditions to maximize the crystallinity and yield of K2SO4 while minimizing the energy consumption were 1:6 mole ratio of Na2SO4 to KCl, 140% saturation of the solution, and 20℃ stirring temperature.

A Basic Study on Separation of U and Nd From LiCl-KCl-UCl3-NdCl3 System (LiCl-KCl-UCl3-NdCl3 system에서 U 및 Nd 분리에 관한 기초연구)

  • Kim, Tack-Jin;Ahn, Do-Hee;Eun, Hee-Chul;Lee, Sung-Jai
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2018
  • In case of high contents of rare earths in the LiCl-KCl salt, it is not easy to recover U and TRU metals as a usable resource form from LiCl-KCl eutectic salts generated from the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. In this study, a conversion of $UCl_3$ into an oxide form using $K_2CO_3$ and an electrodeposition of $NdCl_3$ into a metal form in $LiCl-KCl-UCl_3-NdCl_3$ system were conducted to resolve the problem. Before conducting the conversion, experimental conditions for the conversion were determined by performing a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. In this study, almost all of $UCl_3$ disappeared in the LiCl-KCl salt when the injection of $K_2CO_3$ reached theoretical equivalent for the conversion, and then $NdCl_3$ was effectively electrodeposited as a metal form using liquid zinc cathode. After that, the LiCl-KCl salt became transparent, and uranium oxides were precipitated to the bottom of the LiCl-KCl salt. These results will be utilized in designing a process to separate U and rare earths in LiCl-KCl salt.

Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Separation and Purification of Model Proteins using Counter Current Distribution (역류분배에 의한 모델단백질의 분리정제시 염화칼륨의 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Chang-Ho;Lee, Boo-Yong;Lee, Cherl-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1990
  • The changes in the partition coefficient of model proteins (lysozyme, myoglobin, conalbumin, bovine serum albumin) in an aqueous two·phase system formed by polyethylene glycol and dextran were examined in order to improve the capacity of counter current distribution (CCD) for the protein fractionation and concentration . The protein distribution pattern in CCD with 30 tubes varied with the pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 9.0, 12.0) and KCl concentration (0mM, 50mM, 250mM, 500mM) of the system. From the mixture of model proteins, pure myoglobin was appeared at the upperphase of 14th tube having 50mM of KCl at pH 5.5 and the upper-phase of 13th tube having 250mM of KCl at pH 6.5. Similarly pure BSA was obtained at the 14th tube having KCl 250mM with pH 4.5, pure lysozyme at the 19th tube having 500mM of KCl at pH 4.5 and the upper-phase of 16th tube 50mM of KCl at pH 5.5.

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