• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze the naming of 'A diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun six meridian patterns and provisions' and to suggest an alternative naming. Methods : 1. The meaning of 'Six meridian(六經)' was reviewed on existing theories and Shanghanlun provisions. 2. Comparing the name of diangostic system with the term in 'Korean Standard Classification of Diseases-6(KCD-6)' and term in 'WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the western pacific region' was done. Results : 'Six meridian' is customary used in the Shagnhanlun study but its meaning is not match with original Shanghanlun system and could possibly make misunderstanding. So 'Disease pattern identification' is suitable than 'Six meridian' for this diagnostic system. Conclusions : This study suggests that using 'A disease pattern identification diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun provisions.'is more appropriate instead of using the name of the six meridian diagnostic system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.647-651
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• 2004

We fabricated the 1-inch diode type flat lamp using CNTs, which were grown directly on soda-lime glass substrate at 600 ∼ 650 $^{\circ}C$ by thermal chemical vapor deposition(CVD) of acetylene gas. Turn- on field was about 2.8 V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. We observed that uniform and high brightness had been obtained. The brightness of CNT flat lamp was measured up to about 14 kcd/$m^2$ at 2000V in spacing of 500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The results showed that the CNTs were very good emission source and suitable for application in the lamp.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of plum(Prunus salicina Lindl. cultivars 'Oishiwase', 'Formosa', and 'Soldam') extracts on the proliferation as well as inhibition of human epithelial cells(HaCaT), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa, SiHa, and C33A) cells, and human stomach adenocarcinoma(SNU 638) cells. Dried plum was sequentially extracted and fractionated by hexane(KC-01), chloroform(KC-02), ethyl acetate(KC-03), n-butanol(KC-04), water(KC-05), methanol(KC-6), and hot water extract(KC-07). The epithelial and cancer cells were exposed for 48 h to $50{\mu}g/mL$ of plum extract in vitro, and were then analysed by a sulforhodamin B(SRB) staining assay. The methanol extract(KCP-6) of 'Formosa' proliferated not only the HaCaT cells(147.3%), but also the cervical carcinoma C33A cells(167.8%). The ethyl acetate extract of 'Soldam'(KCJ-3) significantly reduced the proliferation rate of the HPV positive conical carcinoma cells, at 61.5% for the SiHa cells and 70.5% for the HeLa cells. In the C33A cells, which are HPV negative cervical carcinoma cells, the hexane fractions of 'Formosa'(KCP-1) and 'Oishiwase'(KCD-1) markedly suppressed proliferation activity at 20.4% and 61.7%, respectively. However, the proliferation rate of the normal epithelial cells(HaCaT cell) was not reduced the proliferation rate by KCJ-3, KCP-1, or KCD-1, There were no significant effects on proliferation of the stomach cancer cells(SNU 638) by any of the extracts or fractions of the plum cultivars. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of the plum cultivars were selective to the cancer cell origin. In conclusion, we found that several plum cultivar extracts, especially, the ethyl acetate fraction of 'Soldam" and the hexane fraction of "Formosa', have anti-proliferative activity toward human cervical carcinoma cells. However, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms that mediate the antiproliferation activities of the plum cultivars.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

Purpose: This study reports the clinical features of infant, child, school aged and adolescent patients treated for acute poisoning in nationwide emergency departments (EDs). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data pertaining to patients under 19 years of age who were treated for acute poisoning in nationwide EDs from 2013 to 2015. The data were collected by the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS). All patients were divided into three groups: 'Infant and child group' (0 to 5 years), 'school age group' (6 to 12 years) and 'adolescent group' (13 to 18 years). General characteristics, Korea Standard Classification of Disease $7^{th}$ (KCD-7) codes and results of care were collected. Results: There were 14,500 pediatric poisoning cases during the study period. The distribution of patient age was bimodal with two peaks among infant, child and adolescent group. The proportion of alert mentality at the ED visit of the infant and child group was 99.3%, while that of the adolescent group was 86.4%. The proportion of intentional intoxication was higher in the adolescent group (40.7%) than other age groups. Among children less than 13 years of age, various poisonous substances and therapeutic drugs were common. Conclusion: There were some clinical differences in acute poisoning patients between age groups. It is necessary to establish a preventive plan considering characteristics by age. Since the KCD-7 code has limitations in analyzing the characteristics of poisoning patients, it is necessary to consider the registration system of poisoning patients.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.156-168
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• 2013

Objectives Although there have been someone who pointed out declining tendency of pure traditional diagnosis, there are no objective survey results on present state of diagnosis among Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs). So we did a descriptive survey study to show traditional diagnostic modality usage among them. Materials and methods: 73 samples of responded questionnaire in Busan area were collected and descriptively studied. Results (1) U code (in KCD-6) usage showed low level (28.7%). (2) Diagnostic apparatuses for traditional medicine are rarely used. For example, pulse diagnosis machine was reported to be used only by 9.7 % of KMDs. (3) KMDs still prefer the treatment based on pattern identification and symptomatic therapy rather than treatments based on disease identification of modern biomedicine. Conclusion Overall, the portion of pattern identification is still high among KMDs, some kind of diagnostic methods which support pattern identification showed lack of usage.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.746-754
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• 2001

In order to analyze the health problems of school-aged children. daily health records from a convenient sample of two primary schools were analyzed. Diseases were classified into 21 categories according to the KCD (Korea Standard Classification of Diseases). The mean number of visits to health care rooms during school per student was 1.98 during 212 school days from Mar. 2000 to Feb. in 2001 and the mean number of daily visits was 11.66. Male students and 3rd graders visited health care rooms more frequently than female students and other graders. The total spell base incidence rate was 1976.8 per 1.000 students in a year: the incidence rate from injuries was 960.0: 542.4 were for digestive diseases: and 415.2. for respiratory diseases, 97% of all diseases were injuries, digestive diseases and respiratory diseases. The most frequent diseases for male students resulted from trauma, and those for female students. from digestive and respiratory symptoms. The services that nursing teachers implemented were wound treatment (48.8%), medication (44.6%), and so on. Therefore, the findings of this research can serve as the basis for developing school health service program and health education program.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2014

PHR(Personal Health Records : 개인평생건강기록) 은 진료정보를 제공하는 것을 기본서비스로 하며, 환자와 서비스 제공자에게 유용한 서비스를 제공해야 한다. 본 연구는 진료정보의 제공 외 사용자에게 적합한 서비스를 발굴하는데 목적이 있다. 서비스 대상은 암환자로 한정하였고 PHR 서비스 발굴을 위하여 기존 사례 분석, 의료진 인터뷰, 환자 설문을 진행하였다. 그 결과로 발굴된 서비스는 3가지이다. 첫째, 환자에게 치료계획(patient's clinical pathway)을 제공하고 두 번째 온라인 질의응답기능 제공, 세번째 환자 본인의 상태를 입력하는 기능 제공이다. 발굴된 명지 PHR 서비스는 웹과 앱(안드로이드)으로 약 3개월간 파일롯 테스트를 하였고 유용성을 확인하였다. 향후 상업화된 PHR 서비스가 되기 위해서는 치료계획의 등록을 위한 표준화 및 사용자 편의성을 고려한 모델이 되어야 할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to suggest the standard process in developing Questionnaire of Pattern Identification (QPI). The process in developing QPI was researched from validated and developed questionnaire and the standard process in developing QPI was suggested through review of the experts in research, statistics and clinics. Check list was also provided. The number of QPI reviewed in this research was 17(4 in disease in Korea Medicine, 5 in Pathological symptoms, 6 in Sasang constitutional Diagnosis, and 2 in etc), The standard process in developing QPI consisted of 11 phage and 33 check lists. 1) Composition of Research Member(3check lists), 2)Set up of the Aim(5), 3) Review for advanced research(3), 4) Finding an Important Index(3), 5) Review of item selection(4), 6) Developing the questions using items(5), 7) Developing Draft of Questionnaire(2), 8) 1^st Survey of Reliability and Validity(2), 9) Revision and Correction of Item(1), 10) 2^st Survey of Reliability and Validity(2), 11) Completion and Application(3). This study suggests the standard process in developing QPI for the first time in Korea. This following step may help A new QPI development.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Purpose: This study utilizes the NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System) database to suggest a predictive model for snakebite and envenomation in Korea by analyzing the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of snakebite patients visiting the ER. Methods: This was a retrospective study on snakebite patients visiting the ER using the NEDIS database from January 2014 to December 2019. The subjects include patients with the KCD (Korea Standard Classification of Disease) disease code T63.0 (Toxic effect of contact with snake venom). Geographical location, patient gender, patient age, date of ER visit, treatment during the ER stay, and disposition were recorded to analyze the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of snakebite patients in Korea. Results: A total of 12,521 patients were evaluated in this study (7,170 males, 54.9%; 5,351 females, 40.9%). The average age was 58.5±17.5 years. In all, 7,644 patients were admitted with an average admission time of 5.04±4.7 days, and 2 patients expired while admitted. The geographical distribution was Gyeongsang 3,370 (26.9%), Cheonra 2,692 (21.5%), Chungcheong 2,667 (21.3%), Seoul Capital area 1,999 (16.0%), Kangwon 1,457 (11.6%), and Jeju 336 (2.7%). The seasonal variation showed insignificant incidences in winter and higher severity in spring and summer than in fall: winter 27 (0.2%), spring 2,268 (18.1%), summer 6,847 (54.7%), and fall 3,380 (27.0%). Conclusion: Patients presenting with snakebites and envenomation in the emergency room were most common in the Gyeongsang area and during summer. The simple seasonal model predicted that 436 snakebites and 438 envenomation cases occurred in July and August. The results of this study can be applied to suitably distribute and stock antivenom. Appropriate policies can be formed to care for snakebite patients in Korea.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

배경 및 목적: 우리나라에서는 위암 검진을 수행하고 있으며, 조기위암의 비중이 증가되고 있으나, 위암 검진 지침에 따른 구체적인 효과에 대해서는 많은 보고는 없다. 이에 최근 위암 검진의 현황과 조기위암과 진행성 위암의 년도별 발생률 변화의 추이 등 여러 검진관련 자료 분석을 통한 국가 위암 검진의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 2009년부터 2015년까지 위암, 조기위암, 진행성 위암 그리고 그 외로 청구된 이력들을 조사하였다. KCD-6 코드가 2011년부터 적용되었으며, 질병청구 시 상병 코드가 KCD-6로 개정되면서 위암을 조기위암과 진행성 위암으로 코드를 세분화하였다. 국가건강검진에서 40세 이상 대상자에 대해 2년에 한 번씩 시행되는 위암 검사에 대한 효율성 평가를 위해 위암으로 등록되기 이전에 검진 경험 유, 무에 대한 분석을 진행하였으며 또한 위암 검진의 효과에 대해 성별로 구분지어 분석하였다. 결과: 2009-2015년 위암으로 등록된 환자 중 이전에 위암 검진 경험이 있었던 대상자가 전체 위암 대상자 중 74%로 검진 무경험자에 비해 월등히 높았다. 그 중 검진 이후 1년 이내에 위암으로 진단된 사람이 28.8%, 2년 이내 15.5%를 차지하였다. 암 진단 당시에 위암 진행 정도를 확인해 본 결과 검진 이후 1년 이내 발생한 경우, 조기위암은 21.1%, 진행성 위암 14.6% 로 나타났고, 검진 이후 2년 이내 조기위암은 31.5%, 진행성 위암 17.5%로 나타났다. 검진 무경험자들의 암 유형별 발생 현황을 보면 같은 기간 검진 경험자에 비해 조기위암은 15.1%, 진행성 위암은 25.3%로 진행성 위암의 비율이 높았다. 성별에 따른 분석 결과, 남자의 경우 검진을 통해 암 발생을 확인한 경우가 76% 여자의 경우 암 발생을 확인한 경우가 70.2%로 나타났다. 남녀 모두에서 검진 경험자가 검진 무경험자에 비해 조기위암으로 진단되는 비율이 높았다. 결론: 최근 위암 국가검진 자료가 포함된 이번 분석을 통하여 위암 검진의 병기 이전 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 2년 이내 위암 검진 음성인 군에서 양성으로 진단된 환자가 상대적으로 적지 않았다. 따라서 위암 검진의 효과와 위해를 평가하고, 위암 검진의 질을 향상시키기 위한 더 많은 관련 연구가 필요하다.