Effect of Gastric Cancer Screening on Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based Study

위암 환자에서 국가암검진의 효과

  • Cho, Young Suk (Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital Goyang) ;
  • Lee, Sang Hoon (Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital Goyang) ;
  • So, Hyun Ju (Department of Pathology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital Goyang) ;
  • Kim, Dong Wook (Big Data Department, National Health Insurance Service) ;
  • Choi, Yoon Jung (Department of Pathology, Yongin Severance Hospital) ;
  • Jeon, Han Ho (Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital Goyang)
  • 조용석 (국민건강보험 일산병원 내과) ;
  • 이상훈 (국민건강보험 일산병원 외과) ;
  • 소현주 (국민건강보험 일산병원 병리학과) ;
  • 김동욱 (국민건강보험 연구소) ;
  • 최윤정 (용인세브란스병원 병리학과) ;
  • 전한호 (국민건강보험 일산병원 내과)
  • Received : 2020.11.13
  • Accepted : 2020.11.27
  • Published : 2020.12.31

Abstract

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of gastric cancer screening through analysis of screening-related data. Methods: We investigated claims data of gastric cancer from 2009 to 2015. We evaluated whether the screening was performed to prior to registration as patients with gastric cancer. The effect of gastric cancer screening was also analyzed by gender. Results: We collected total 196,293 patients with gastric cancer. 74% of them had previous experience of gastric cancer screening. In patients with screening, early gastric cancer was 33.4% and advanced gastric cancer was 17.3%. 22,548 (15.5%) patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer within 2 years after screening. In the case of patients without screening, early gastric cancer was 15.1% and advanced gastric cancer was 25.3%. In case of men, 76% of them confirmed gastric cancer through screening, and 70.2% of women confirmed the gastric cancer. In both men and women, the rate of early gastric cancer was higher among those with screening than those without screening. Conclusion: In this study, we were able to indirectly confirm the stage shift of gastric cancer screening. However, within 2 years after screening, not a few patients with gastric cancer were diagnosed. Therefore, more studies are warranted to in the future.

배경 및 목적: 우리나라에서는 위암 검진을 수행하고 있으며, 조기위암의 비중이 증가되고 있으나, 위암 검진 지침에 따른 구체적인 효과에 대해서는 많은 보고는 없다. 이에 최근 위암 검진의 현황과 조기위암과 진행성 위암의 년도별 발생률 변화의 추이 등 여러 검진관련 자료 분석을 통한 국가 위암 검진의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 2009년부터 2015년까지 위암, 조기위암, 진행성 위암 그리고 그 외로 청구된 이력들을 조사하였다. KCD-6 코드가 2011년부터 적용되었으며, 질병청구 시 상병 코드가 KCD-6로 개정되면서 위암을 조기위암과 진행성 위암으로 코드를 세분화하였다. 국가건강검진에서 40세 이상 대상자에 대해 2년에 한 번씩 시행되는 위암 검사에 대한 효율성 평가를 위해 위암으로 등록되기 이전에 검진 경험 유, 무에 대한 분석을 진행하였으며 또한 위암 검진의 효과에 대해 성별로 구분지어 분석하였다. 결과: 2009-2015년 위암으로 등록된 환자 중 이전에 위암 검진 경험이 있었던 대상자가 전체 위암 대상자 중 74%로 검진 무경험자에 비해 월등히 높았다. 그 중 검진 이후 1년 이내에 위암으로 진단된 사람이 28.8%, 2년 이내 15.5%를 차지하였다. 암 진단 당시에 위암 진행 정도를 확인해 본 결과 검진 이후 1년 이내 발생한 경우, 조기위암은 21.1%, 진행성 위암 14.6% 로 나타났고, 검진 이후 2년 이내 조기위암은 31.5%, 진행성 위암 17.5%로 나타났다. 검진 무경험자들의 암 유형별 발생 현황을 보면 같은 기간 검진 경험자에 비해 조기위암은 15.1%, 진행성 위암은 25.3%로 진행성 위암의 비율이 높았다. 성별에 따른 분석 결과, 남자의 경우 검진을 통해 암 발생을 확인한 경우가 76% 여자의 경우 암 발생을 확인한 경우가 70.2%로 나타났다. 남녀 모두에서 검진 경험자가 검진 무경험자에 비해 조기위암으로 진단되는 비율이 높았다. 결론: 최근 위암 국가검진 자료가 포함된 이번 분석을 통하여 위암 검진의 병기 이전 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 2년 이내 위암 검진 음성인 군에서 양성으로 진단된 환자가 상대적으로 적지 않았다. 따라서 위암 검진의 효과와 위해를 평가하고, 위암 검진의 질을 향상시키기 위한 더 많은 관련 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

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