• BMB Reports
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2013

Invasion of trophoblasts into maternal uterine tissue is essential for establishing mature feto-maternal circulation. The trophoblast invasion associated with placentation is similar to tumor invasion. In this study, we investigated the role of KAI1, an anti-metastasis factor, at the maternal-fetal interface during placentation. Mouse embryos were obtained from gestational days 5.5 (E5.5) to E13.5. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that KAI1 was expressed on decidual cells around the track made when a fertilized ovum invaded the endometrium, at days E5.5 and E7.5, and on trophoblast giant cells, along the central maternal artery of the placenta at E9.5. KAI1 in trophoblast giant cells was increased at E11.5, and then decreased at E13.5. Furthermore, KAI1 was upregulated during the forskolin-mediated trophoblastic differentiation of BeWo cells. Collectively, these results indicate that KAI1 is differentially expressed in decidual cells and trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface, suggesting that KAI1 prevents trophoblast invasion during placentation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of survivin expression and the decrease or loss of KAI-1 on the clinical stage and the survival rate in gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: Expressions of survivin and KAI-1 were immunohistochemically determined in 40 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas. The survivin and KAI-1 expressions were also analyzed by using western blots in 14 cases among them. Results: Resected gastric cancer specimens from 40 patients (intestinal type: 15 cases and diffuse type: 25 cases) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Survivin protein expressions were significantly higher in diffuse types (P=0.03) and in advanced clinical stages (UICC TNM II and III, P=0.02). In contrast, a decrease or loss of KAI-1 expression had no statistically significant correlation with the Lauren classification or the clinical stage. Survivin protein positivity was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Decrease or loss of KAI-1 was associated with a shorter disease free survivial rate (P < 0.01). The western blot data (n=14) indicated that neither survivin protein over-expression nor KAI-1 down-expression had an significant correlation with the Lauren classification or the clinical stage. Conclusion: In gastric carcinomas, survivin over-expression and decrease or loss of KAI-1 were associated with unfavorable prognosis, being independent prognostic factors along with the clinical stage and the disease free survival rate.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2014

Background Patients with diabetes mellitus often have a difficult life, suffering from foot ulceration or amputation. Diabetes is characterized by chronic inflammation, and one of the features of inflammation is hypoxia. Recently, it has been reported that KAI1 is a hypoxia target gene. There is no published research on hypoxia-related KAI1 protein levels in human diabetic skin. Therefore, we have investigated the expression of KAI1 protein in diabetic skin tissue in vivo. Methods The expression of KAI1 protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 diabetic skin tissue samples and 6 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify KAI1 expression. Results The western blotting revealed significantly increased expression of the KAI1 protein in diabetic skin tissues as compared to normal skin tissues. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that KAI1 was expressed in all diabetic skin tissues with moderate-to-strong positivity and weakly expressed in normal skin tissues. Conclusions Our data suggest that a high expression of the KAI1 protein can be observed in diabetic skin tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that KAI1 protein expression in diabetic skin tissues may be associated with chronic inflammatory states and hypoxia.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2023

Hematopoiesis is regulated by crosstalk between long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and supporting niche cells in the bone marrow (BM). Here, we describe the role of KAI1, which is mainly expressed on LT-HSCs and rarely on other hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs), in niche-mediated LT-HSC maintenance. KAI1 activates TGF-β1/Smad3 signal in LT-HSCs, leading to the induction of CDK inhibitors and inhibition of the cell cycle. The KAI1-binding partner DARC is expressed on macrophages and stabilizes KAI1 on LT-HSCs, promoting their quiescence. Conversely, when DARC+ BM macrophages were absent, the level of surface KAI1 on LT-HSCs decreases, leading to cell-cycle entry, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, KAI1 acts as a functional surface marker of LT-HSCs that regulates dormancy through interaction with DARC-expressing macrophages in the BM stem cell niche. Recently, we showed very special and rare macrophages expressing α-SMA+ COX2+ & DARC+ induce not only dormancy of LT-HSC through interaction of KAI1-DARC but also protect HSCs by down-regulating ROS through COX2 signaling. In the near future, the strategy to combine KAI1-positive LT-HSCs and α-SMA/Cox2/DARC triple-positive macrophages will improve the efficacy of stem cell transplantation after the ablative chemo-therapy for hematological disorders including leukemia.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.210-222
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• 1983

다요인조절개염하(多要因調節槪念下)에서 수도작(水稻作)에 대(對)한 요소시비시(尿素施肥時) N성분적량(成分適量)을 여측(予測)하는 모형식(模型式)에 관여(關與)하는 이앙재배전(移秧栽培前) 경토화학성분요인(耕土化學成分要因)은 유효규산함량(有效珪酸含量) ppm(X)과 유기물함량(有機物含量)% (Z)비(比)인 X/Z비(比)와 상대가리(相對加里) 활성도비(活性度比)인 Kas/kai이였다. 여측모형식(予測模型式) $NRe=(58.5+0.647x/z){\cdot}F$에서 F는 품종(品種), 기상(氣象) 및 토양조건(土壤條件)에 따라 변동(變動)되는 생산성(生産性) 요인(要因)이라고 정의(定義)하였으며 이 값은 경토중(耕土中) X/Z값보다는 상대가리활성도비(相對加里活性度比)인 Kas/kai의 함수관계식(函數關係式) Fb=.65+1.086Kas/kai에서 여측(予測)함이 보다 합리적(合理的)임을 밝혔다. 이 식(式)의 Kas는 경토중(耕土中) 치환성염기함량(置換性鹽基含量)에서 산출(算出)되는 가리활성도비(加里活性度比)이며 Kai는 표준품종(標準品種)인 진흥(振興)에 대(對)한 리상가리활성도비(理想加里活性度比)로서 기보고(旣報告)(박(朴) 1975)에서와 같이 Kai=0.03+0.00083X/Z에서 산출(算出)한다. 상대가리활성도비(相對加里活性度比)는 Kas=Kai가 되게 조절(調節)하기 위(爲)해서 1.0이 되어야 하는 값이나 품종군별(品種群別)로 차이(差異)가 있어 우리나라에서 재배(栽培)되는 인도형(印度型)과 일본형교잡종(日本型交雜種)인 밀양(密陽) 23호(號)에서는 1.63, 비율빈(比律賓)에서 재배(栽培)되는 인도형품종군(印度型品種群)인 IR8, 20, 36 및 42등(等)에서는 공통적(共通的)으로 0.322가 됨을 밝혔고 가리시비적양여측(加里施肥適量予測)에 활용(活用)할 수 있는 각품종별(各品種別) 리상가리활성도비(理想加里活性度比) $Kai_1$ 및 $Kai_2$는 인도형${\times}$일본형(印度型${\times}$日本型) 교잡종(交雜種) 및 인도형품종군(印度型品種群)에 대(對)하여 각각(各各) 다음 함수관계식(函數關係式)에서 추정(推定)할 수 있음을 밝혔다. $\\Kai_1=0.0489+0.001353X/Z\\Kai_2=0.01+0.000267X/Z$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3431-3436
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• 2016

Background: Carcinogenesis is a multifaceted intricate cellular mechanism of transformation of the normal functions of a cell into neoplastic alterations. Metastasis may result in failure of conventional treatment and death Hence, research on metastatic suppressors in cancer is a high priority. The metastatic suppressor gene CD82, also known as KAI1, is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily which was first identified in carcinoma of prostate. Little work has been done on this gene in breast cancer. Herein, we aimed to determine the gene and protein level expression of CD82/KAI1 in breast cancer and its role as a prognosticator. Materials and Methods: In this study, 83 histologically proven cases of breast cancer and a similar number of controls were included. Patient age ranged from 18-70 years. Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to investigate KAI1 expression at gene and protein levels, respectively. Statistical analysis was done to correlate expression of KAI1 and clinicopathological parameters. Results: It was revealed that: (i) KAI1 was remarkably diminished in metastatic vs non metastatic breast cancer both at the gene and the protein levels (P < .05); (ii) KAI1 expression levels were strongly correlated with TNM staging, histological grade and advanced stage (p<0.001) and no association was found with any other studied parameter; (iii) Lastly, a significant correlation was observed between expression of KAI1 and overall median survival of BC patients (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that lack of expression of the KAI1 might indicate a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Loss of KAI1 may be considered a significant prognostic marker in predicting metastatic manifestation. When evaluated along with the clinical and pathological factors, KAI1 expression may be beneficial to tailor aggressive therapeutic strategies for such patients.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2023

KAI1/CD82, a membrane tetraspanin protein, can prevent various cancers and retinal disorders through its anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic capacity. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effect and molecular mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to inLPSvestigate effect of a recombinant protein of the large extracellular domain of human KAI1 (Gly 111-Leu 228, rhKAI1) on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and to identify its underlying mechanism. Our data showed that rhKAI1 suppressed expression levels of classically macrophages (M1) phenotype-related surface markers F4/80+CD86+ in LPS-stimulated BMDM and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LPS markedly increased mRNA expression and release levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, whereas these increases were substantially down-regulated by rhKAI1. Furthermore, LPS strongly increased expression of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. However, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of JNK were greatly reversed in the presence of rhKAI1. Especially, rhKAI1 markedly suppressed expression of toll-like receptor (TLR4) and prevented binding of LPS with TLR4 through molecular docking predict analysis. Importantly, Glu 214 of rhKAI1 residue strongly interacted with Lys 360 of TLR4 residue, with a binding distance of 2.9 Å. Taken together, these findings suggest that rhKAI1 has an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-polarized macrophages by interacting with TLR4 and down-regulating the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to identify and to interpret the word nam ja mok kai(南子木蓋) in Keirim Yusa(鷄林類事). Comparative linguistic analytical approaches ware employed for this research. Results and findings, of this study can be summarized as follows: It was fond that similar words to jamok kai(子木蓋) of Koryo were in Mongolic, Manchuric as well as in Hebrew. Thus, the word nam ja mok kai(南子木蓋) is not reversed word of nam mok ja kai(南子木蓋). The word jamokkai and the meaning of it were derived from Hebrew.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

This paper describes a requirement architecture modeling for the front end of KT-1 export version requirement definition processes to construct SDS(system development specification). The requirement definition process is a highly conceptual process that is difficult to carry out. This paper focuses on how to perform the KT-1 export version requirements definition process including the integration of process, methods and tools for the front-end activity of requirements definition process. This requirement model is structured in four segments, including requirement layering, requirement categorization, life cycle stakeholder and requirement definition process using Computer-Aided Systems Engineering tool(CORE).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3521-3526
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• 2013

Objective: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100 LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken from the patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed. Results: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression. Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the corresponding non-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinical stage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). The median survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that of patients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlated with MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (${\chi}^2$= 31.25, P < 0.01). Conclusion: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.