• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2014

When the mouth of the Nakdong River, opens its floodgate, thousands of tons of litter should flown into the South Sea, moving towards nearby coast, thus causing serious social and economic damage. For this reason, in the present study, research was performed on one certain area in northeast coast of Geoje island, which is assumed as area damaged due to rainy season and typhoon in 2012, and research for trace of movement route was implemented by using buoy to identify characteristic of movement of floating debris caused from Nakdong River. Flows related to the movement of floating debris was also identified by analyzing ocean meteorological environment. As a result of the study, total 40 tons of litter composed of grasses and trees(or plants litter) were flown into Heungnam beach on 16th, Jul which is the rainy season. Plus, the location tracking buoy, which was dropped when the typhoon SANBA was coming, was passed by southern sea of Gadeok-do and was flown into Geoje beach 1 ~ 2 days after it was dropped. The wind direction was mostly northeasterly wind around the Geoje beach at the time the buoy and floating debris were flown into northeast coast and there was common sea surface currents which was flowing into the coast.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1983

Dry sand specimens for both normally consolidated and overconsolidated triaxial compression tests were prestressed on the path with five different coefficients of earth pressure 1.0, 3/4, 0.55, $K_0$ and 1/3. Deformation resistance of normally consolidated sand increased with increasing the initial stress for all coefficients of earth pressure during consolidation, and the deformation modulus at a certain initial stress showed a tendency to increase with increasing the coefficient of earth pressure. And deformation moduli($E_i$, $E_{50}$), were found to be proportional to the $n_{th}$ power of initial stresses[${\sigma}_{m0}{^{\prime}}$, ${\sigma}_{10}{^{\prime}}$, ${\sigma}_{30}{^{\prime}}$, $({\sigma}_1-{\sigma}_3)_0$] for both isotropically and anisotropically normally consolidated samples, where n varied from 0.37 to 0.92. Overconsolidated sand with the higher overconsolidation ratio showed the higher deformation modulus. It is concluded that the $K_0$-anisotropically consolidated triaxial compression test is necessary to obtain the more accurate value of in-situ deformation modulus.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.555-562
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• 2022

This study measured and analyzed the propagation characteristics at frequencies 6, 10, and 17 GHz to discover the new propagation demands in a semi-basement indoor corridor environment for meeting the 4th industrial revolution requirements. The measured indoor environment is a straight corridor consisting of three lecture rooms and glass windows on the outside. The measurement scenario development and measurement system were constructed to match this environment. The transmitting antenna was fixed, and the frequency domain and time domain propagation characteristics were measured and analyzed in the line-of-sight environment based on the distance of the receiving antenna location. In the frequency domain, reliability was determined by the parameters of the floating intercept (FI) path loss model and an R-squared value of 0.5 or more. In the time domain, the root mean square (RMS) delay spread and the cumulative probability of K-factor were used to determine that 6 GHz had high propagation power and 17 GHz had low propagation power. These research results will be effective in providing ultra-connection and ultra-delay artificial intelligence services for WIFI 6, 5G, and future systems in a semi-basement indoor corridor environment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

The eruption of permanent teeth represents the movement in the alveolar bone before appearance in oral cavity, to the occlusal plane after appearance in oral cavity, and additive movement after reaching th the occlusal plane. Tooth eruption is mostly controlled by genetic signals. The eruption stage is divided to preeruptive alveolar stage, alveolar bone stage, mucosal stage according to the process of growth and development. If the disturbance is occured in any stage of eruption, tooth does not erupt. The cause of eruption disturbance are ectopic position of the tooth germ, obstruction of the eruption path and defects in the follicle or PDL. In the treatment of eruption disturbance, surgical procedures are commonly used. There are three kind of surgical procedure ; surgical exposure, surgical repositioning, surgical exposure and traction Surgical exposure is basic procedure. This involves removal of mucosa, bone, lesion that are surrounding the teeth, dental sac when necessary to maintain a patent channel between the crown and the normal eruptive path into the oral cavity. To ensure this patency, many techniques including cementation of a celluloid crown, packing with gutta-percha or zinc oxide-eugenol, or a surgical pack, are used. When surgical exposure is conducted, operators should not expose any part of cervical root cement and not injure periodontium or root of adjunct tooth. After surgical exposure, tooth should be surrounded by keratinized gingiva. There is direct relationship between the extent of development of pathophysiologic aberrations and the intensity of the manipulative injury inflicted on the tooth by surgical treatment, so operator should consider this thing. In these cases, surgical exposure is conducted on Maxillary 1st milars that have a eruption disturbance and improve the eruption disturbance effectively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-119
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to suggest the framework reflecting the interests of students in practical problems and social issues regarding perennial problems which correspond to the characteristics and goals of the 2007 revised curriculum. This study was carried into a literature review and 406 questionnaires, filled out by the 9th grade middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, were used for analysis. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, six perennial problems are ascertained, Next, the middle school students were most interested in 27 items of practical problems such as mapping out their career path, self-improvement and interpersonal relations. And finally, the middle school students' important social interests are adolescence issues, job preference bias, career choice, suicide and addiction to computer, appearance and money management behavior, house ownership and conspicious consumption, and lack of time to spend with family. This study suggested the framework which corresponds to the characteristics and goals of the 2007 revised curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of children's interactive learning focusing on the Vygotsky's ZPD (the zone of proximal development) in a natural history museum as a representative free-choice learning context. We focused on the understanding of peer dyadic discourses and data were collected from 13 peer groups of children (3rd and 4th graders) who were videotaped all conversations occurred as they visited around the exhibits with no predetermined path. The transcribed data were analyzed by the developmental level of ZPD system and the discourse within an ADL (an actual developmental level) was overwhelmingly common in the conversations between child-child dyads. The representative discourse by discourse types were parsed according to three constructs of ZPD. Children formed the intersubjectivity through semiotic mediation such as conversations and exhibits and ended up with the similar situation definition. In conclusion, the details of discourses of the most impressive dyad were looked into focusing on the scientific concept. The study implies that a natural history museum becomes a meaningful resource to offer a deeper understanding of the nature of children's learning as an informal learning setting.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover the present situation of fashion journalism, which is a collaborator and watchdog of the fast-growing fashion business industry, then to proffer fundamental data for the setting of desirable fashion journalism in the field of newspaper. Unlike magazine and internet news service which are focused on a specific group, daily newspaper has a far-reaching influence without regarding the age, gender and social status of the readers. Therefore, how newspaper deals with fashion and fashion phenomena has immense influence on the attitude and understanding of common people on fashion. Defining fashion journalism is an activity of gathering and mediating of various ideas and opinions on fashion, the beginning of fashion journalism of newspaper traces back to the late of 19th century. From then to the period of Japan's occupancy by force, newspaper used fashion articles to lead enlightenment of lifestyle. After Korean War, newspaper was one of the main path of in-flowing western culture and fashion trend till 1970s. During $1980s{\sim}1990s$, fashion articles in newspaper were separated from woman and family section and fashion journalism made their own way to a specialized field. In the beginning of 21st century, fashion journalism in the field of newspaper is armed with more various and profound contents then ever, but it is also true fashion journalism is not free from accusation of commercialization and agitation of preference on imported luxury goods. Today fashion articles of daily newspapers are not subordinated to the common idea, 'fashion is only for women'. Fashion articles deals with men as well as women. Information on new products is regarded more important than fashion trend. Articles are not restricted in the fashion section. It means fashion journalism is expanding its territory to business section, opinion section and so on. However, fashion news dealing with aged people or young children are very rare. It suggests target readers of fashion news are concentrated on the people who have a considerable buying power. An main article usually has more than 3 photos. That means not only photos in fashion news are established as essential visual information today but also commercialization of fashion news makes rapid progress in this field. Also the considerable dependancy on the information sources from manufacturing side can be a problem of sustaining accuracy and impartiality of news.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 2020

An optical arrangement has been set inside a photo-spectrometer to measure the reflectance of IR optics materials in mid IR range. The optical arrangement consists of equally spaced 4 gold coated full reflecting mirrors with the incidence angle of 45°. Baseline beam intensity I_B has been measured while the beam proceeds through the 4 mirrors. Reflectance of a mirror has been estimated from the I_B. And the beam intensity I_S with the specimen in the optical path has been measured with the 4th mirror replaced with the specimen. Reflectance of the specimen has been estimated from the value of I_S/I_B. Then the estimated reflectance has been put in Fresnel equation relating reflectance and refractive index(RI) to estimate the RI of the material. Measurement has been made for sapphire, germanium, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide. The estimated RI of the materials are closely matching with reference data and the maximum difference less than 2% over the wavelength range 3-5㎛ for all materials tested. As an FT-IR photo-spectrometer with a broadband wavelength infrared light source is used, this method has the advantage of measuring the refractive index at multiple wavelengths in a single measurement.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2020

With the advent of the 4^th industrial revolution and the combination of IoT, there have been diverse domestic and foreign researches for the development of construction industry. Especially, in the large-scale earthwork site where many and various construction equipments are put into, the control system between construction equipments is important for the increase of productivity. Thus, after developing the fleet management system for the optimum operation of construction equipments, the problems were checked and improved for each step in the process of application at site. In order to verify the site application process of the fleet management system for the optimum operation of construction equipments, the analysis on the productivity was performed by inputting the data used for the actual site and the site data using this system and then comparing the data through simulation. The analysis was limited to excavator and dump. In the results of the analysis, the rate of work per hour was increased to the range of 4 % while the cost price was decreased to 4 %. Even though the results of the analysis could be different depending on the site applied, the results showing the increase of workload of equipments and the decrease of cost price in the complex project at earthwork site verify the increase of productivity.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.279-293
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of infographic instruction to promote the use of the scientific model in the 'lens' unit of elementary science textbooks. The participants were $6^{th}$ grade students(n=53) of G elementary school in G city, Gyeongsangnam-do. For this study, the lesson plan of the 'lens' unit consisted of three steps as investigation of students' prior concept about the lens, scientific model construction activity, and infographic construction activity. We then analyzed the results of this study from three perspectives: the scientific concept, scientific model, and infographic. Before the lesson, students focused on the external shape and material of the lens in prior concept of it. However, after the scientific model construction activity and infographic construction activity, students' scientific concept about the lens improved in the categories of features of lens, features of glasses, light path, and applications of the lens. In terms of the scientific model, use of type and frequency of scientific model increased more in the infographic construction activity than the scientific construction model activity. Also, in terms of infographic, the two infographic types as function based infographic and connection based infographic used more than non-infographic in the infographic construction activity. Also, the frequency of Gestal theory's visual perception increased more in the infographic construction activity than the scientific model construction activity.