• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.755-761
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• 2014

Tourist Psychological Capacity (TPC) is an important issue of the Tourism Capacity research. We gained the tourist satisfaction through the questionnaire investigation in Mount Tai Scenic Area and obtained the tourist satisfaction function using SPSS17.0 regression analysis method. Then we got the best psychological capacity of tourists with the Marginal Satisfaction Method. Finally we verified the influencing factors on TPC. The study found that the best TPC of Mount Tai Scenic Area is 10323 persons; Female shows lower TPC than male. Moreover, female satisfaction is more easily influenced by visitors' number increasing than male satisfaction; TPC plays negative correlation with the increasing of age. Teenagers and adults have no much difference in TPC, but the seniors present a relatively lower TPC than other; The higher education, the smaller TPC.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was attempted to verify the effects of Tai Chi exercise on the depression and self efficacy of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: It employed a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design. The research instruments used in this study were depression and self efficacy. Thirty-two patients in the experimental group carried out 50 minutes of Tai Chi exercise for 12 weeks, and 29 patients in the control group did not. Before and after the experiment, both groups were tested for depression and self efficacy. Collected data were processed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program analyzing by the frequency, percentage, $X^2$- test, and t-test. Results: Depression significantly decreased in the experimental group. However the improvement in self efficacy of the rheumatoid arthritis patients was not statistically significant but slight enhancement was. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise is an effective nursing intervention that can be used for rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

Arthritis is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in elderly. Osteoarthritis is a widespread, slowly developing disease, with a high prevalence increasing with age in women. The large joints mostly involved by the disease are the knees. But there are no treatments available that cure the underlying process of osteoarthritis diseases. Physical exercise helps in increasing cartilage nutrition and remodeling, increases the synovial blood flow, decrease swelling, and improves muscle strength. Thus, exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in osteoarthritis. Purpose: The purpose of this study were to compare muscle strength between Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic exercise for women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest measures was used. The study subjects were those who had been enrolled in a community health center, and agreed to participate in the study for eight weeks, signed the consent form, and obtained the physicians approval. The study dropout rates were 13.2% with the final study subjects of 17 on Tai-Chi exercise, 16 on aquatic exercise program. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 12.0). Independent sample t-test and paired t-test was performed to compare of muscle strength for women with osteoarthritis after 8-week Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic Exercise. Results: The homogeneity tests of demographic characteristics and study variables at the pretest data revealed no significant differences between two groups. After 8-week Tai-Chi and aquatic exercise, there was significant result in pre-post test comparison on muscle strength on Tai-Chi group, but no significant in aquatic group. There were no significant differences of knee extensor (p=.078), and hand grip(p=.118) in group comparisons on muscle strengths. But there were significant differences of knee flexor(p=.024). Conclusion: Tai-chi exercise was effective in improving knee flexor. So, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable for aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with other comparisons in physical and psycho social outcomes are necessary to confirm the more effects of exercise.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Nowadays we can take a physical examination during pregnancy by various and advanced technology instruments. But there were no instruments in old times, so the ancient doctors examined symptoms and pulse of a pregnant woman. Therefore it is very important to comprehend the pulse in Oriental medicine. Fetus and mother are connected with the umbilical cord, and they interact with each other. Especially, symptoms and pulse of mother change during the formation of fetus. On account of being easy to study the changes of pulse from pregnant woman, it is important to know the formation of fetus. In Western medicine, the Buddhist scriptures and Oriental medicine mentioned about the formation of fetus. Because of different viewpoints, the choice of words and formative methods are differ from field to field. Western medicine calls the formation of fetus 'development', the Buddhist scriptures call it 'Ru-tai', and oriental medicine calls it 'Yang-tai'. In spite of the different viewpoints, they have supplementary explanations to study fetus. As a result, we can understand the reasons why pregnancy pulse cannot help changing from month to month.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the center of pressure (COP) trajectory in healthy elderly subjects while crossing an obstacle before and after participation in Tai Chi training. Forty healthy elderly subjects participated either in a 12-week intervention of Tai Chi training or in a health education program. The participants were divided into two groups (the experimental group and the control group). Subsequently, the participants were pre- and post-tested on crossing over an obstacle from a quiet stance. Participants in the experimental group received Tai Chi training that emphasized the smooth integration of trunk rotation, a shift in weight bearing from bilateral to unilateral support and coordination and a gradual narrowing of the lower-extremity stance three times weekly. The participants in the control group attended a health education program one hour weekly and heard lectures about general information to promote health. Performance was assessed by recording the changes in the displacement of the COP in the anteroposterior (A-P) and mediolateral (M-L) directions using a force platform. Participants in the Tai Chi group significantly increased the A-P and M-L displacement of the COP after Tai Chi training (p<.05). No significant differences in the A-P and the M-L displacement of the COP between pre-testing and post-testing in the control group were found. This study has shown that participation in Tai Chi exercise increased the magnitude of the A-P and M-L displacement of the COP, thereby improving the ability of healthy elderly participation to generate momentum to initiate gait. These findings support the use of Tai Chi training as an effective fall-prevention program for the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.139-164
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• 2007

Xu Ling Tai (徐靈胎) was an outstanding medical practitioner in the early and middle part of the Cheong Dynasty of China (淸代). He had learned the study of Confucian classics and natural science from his childhood and read through books covering all sorts of fields, from medical science to hydraulics and literature. He was, in particular, one of leaders who represented the school of classicism that followed scriptures (尊經復古主義學派) in the field of medical science and his solid abstraction has had an affect on posterity's one. One of his masterpieces is Yi Xue Yuan Liu Lun (醫學源流論) among his books in the medical area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1991

The effect of color, as measured on the spectrometer, on the 4 basic tastes(sweet, salty, sour & bitter) perception of a series of colored and no-flavored solutions was quantified by 16 taste panel using magnitude estimation without modulus. The regression lines for each colored series were found to differ indicating that color had a significant effect on sweetness, sourness and bitterness. A sucrose level of 4.0%, a citric acid level of 0.05%, and a nicotinamide level of 0.08% maximized the effect of color on taste's perception and its acceptability. Although color tended to confuse the perception of saltiness, this effect was not significant except for yellow solutions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Purpose: There is a need to apply the Tai Chi program to help early mastectomy patients improve their upper limb functions and for the emotional state as well. Method: Participants were recruited at breast cancer centers of two general hospitals from February 17 to April 25, 2005. Twenty-five subjects in the experimental group and 23 subjects in the control group participated for 12 weeks. The Tai chi program consisted of breast cancer self management education and a Tai Chi exercise program. Range of motion of the shoulder joint was determined by the Uni-level inclinometer, and functional assessment of the shoulder was evaluated with the tool. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11. Results: The experimental group had significantly increased shoulder range of motion, especially in external rotation, upper limb function and emotional state compared with the control group after program for 12 weeks. Conclusion: This program makes it possible to be independent and have a positive everyday life. In addition, it can help keep a healthy lifestyle in mastectomy women.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week Tai Chi on the bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women Methods: Data were collected from March to July, 2009. Fifty postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. Twenty two women were allocated to experimental group, and 28 to control group. The experimental group underwent Tai Chi exercise twice a week for twelve weeks. The control group was only notified with results of bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers. Bone mineral density was measured by using of DTX-200 (Osteometer MediTech, Hawthorne, CA, USA) at distal radius site and bone metabolic markers were measured by radioimmunoassay method. Collected data were analyzed by t-test, $X^2$-test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, the Tai Chi group showed a significant difference in bone mineral density compared to control group but no significant effect on osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline level. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 12 weeks of Tai chi may delay bone loss in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1575-1580
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• 2009

Tai Chi is a slow and gentle exercise which is suitable for obese women with chronic diseases. Tai Chi can improve the health of a senior without exacerbating existing impairments, including obese patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of Tai Chi exercise on blood variables (glucose, cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, cortisol) and physical fitness (muscle strength, flexibility, muscle endurance, agility, balance). Thirty obese women were recruited from a public health center. They were divided into Yang style (YS: n=15) and 12 (12KS: n=15). The Tai Chi exercise group participated in a training program for 12 weeks (3times/week). There was significant improvement in muscle strength, flexibility, and muscle endurance in both groups. Agility was significantly increased in YS, more than in 12KS. However, there was no improvement in balance in both groups. There was significant improvement in cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and cortisol in both groups. However there was no improvement in blood glucose levels in either group. From the results, there was no significant difference in either Tai Chi exercises. The Tai Chi exercise program was effective in improving cholesterol related variables and physical fitness, except balance, in both groups. Further study is needed in this area.