• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1463-1475
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• 2019

Unlike the past, modern high-tech weapons systems are complex and many components are combined to form a weapons system. In addition, unlike the past, where hardware was the main component, the proportion of software is increasing every year, making the security assurance activities of weapon systems more difficult than in the past. The United States has been working to ensure the security of the weapons systems they develop since the 1960s. The findings were made to US internal standards, updated regularly, and are now being applied as RMF. In Korea, research activities have been conducted since 2010 based on the RMF of the United States. However, actual RMF application cases in the United States cannot be classified and obtained, and there are no official cases in Korea. In this paper, we apply Korean RMF research that has been studied so far to apply to the recently developed real weapon system. Thus, detailed guidelines for applying the RMF are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.827-846
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• 2023

Recently, various information technologies such as network communication and sensors have begun to be integrated into weapon systems that were previously operated in stand-alone. This helps the operators of the weapon system to make quick and accurate decisions, thereby allowing for effective operation of the weapon system. However, as the involvement of the cyber domain in weapon systems increases, it is expected that the potential for damage from cyber attacks will also increase. To develop a secure weapon system, it is necessary to implement built-in security, which helps considering security from the requirement stage of the software development process. The U.S. Department of Defense is implementing the Risk Management Framework Assessment and Authorization (RMF A&A) process, along with the introduction of the concept of cybersecurity, for the evaluation and acquisition of weapon systems. Similarly, South Korea is also continuously making efforts to implement the Korea Risk Management Framework (K-RMF). However, so far, there are no cases where K-RMF has been applied from the development stage, and most of the data and documents related to the U.S. RMF A&A are not disclosed for confidentiality reasons. In this study, we propose the method for inferring the composition of the K-RMF based on systematic threat analysis method and the publicly released documents and data related to RMF. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our inferring method by applying it to the naval battleship system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.1986-1991
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• 2016

The vibration soucre of motor has a electromagnetic and mechanical causes. The most widely known, electromagnetic reasons are cogging torque and RMF(Radial magnetic force). Recently, analysis of the cogging torque has been made actively. but analysis of the RMF was not filled. So, in this paper, analyzed RMF. the vibration test were performed for the basic and reduced model of cogging torque and RMF. And it analyzed for the effect of each factor on the vibration. Finally, the vibration was formulated for stator's weight and RMF. To this end, natural, cogging torque and RMF of frequency were analyzed and these relationships were considered.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1991

The effects of pyridoxine (PN) on rifampicin (RMF) toxicity were investigated by both in vivo and in vitro methods. RMF (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally and PN(150 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats for 10 consecutive days. After treatment, clinical chemistry and hematologic profiles were measured. RMF and PN plus RMF did not show any adverse effects at this in vivo experimental condition. Thymidine incorporations of mice bone marrow cells were examined in vitro. RMF showed a decrease in thymidine uptake in a dose-dependent manner, but PN showed a reversal of the thymidine uptake suppression caused by RMF (p<0.01). On the other hand, PN showed a decrease in thymidine uptake at a high concentration level.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

This work presents results of the study which concerns the influence of the rotating magnetic field (RMF) on the growth rate, cell metabolic activity and ability to form biofilms by E. coli and S. aureus. Liquid cultures of the bacteria were exposed to the RMF (RMF frequency f = 1-50 Hz, RMF magnetic induction B = 22-34 mT, time of exposure t = 60 min, temperature of incubation $37^{\circ}C$). The present study indicate the exposition to the RMF, as compared to the unexposed controls causing an increase in the growth dynamics, cell metabolic activities and percentage of biofilm-forming bacteria, in both S. aureus and E. coli cultures. It was also found that the stimulating effects of the RMF exposition enhanced with its increasing frequencies and magnetic inductions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 1997

Rice bran commonly available in Bangladesh is a mixture of rice hulls (60%), bran (35%) and polishing (5%), referred here as rice mill feed (RMF). Dose response effect of RMF supplementation to a straw diet including a zero level was measured on the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial N yield and growth rate of growing native (Bos indicus) bulls. Twelve bulls of 33 months old and $272{\pm}31.5kg$ weight were randomly allocated to diets having 0 (T1), 1 (T2) and 2 (T3) kg RMF in addition to 200 g wheat bran, 200 g molasses, 60 g salt and 30 g oyestershe\l powder. Concentrate intake was 5.5, 19.2 and 29.5% of the dietary intake for the T1, T2 and T3 treatment respectively. RMF supplementation had no significant effect on the straw DM intake. However, with the increasing levels of RMF supplementation, total DM & digestible OM intake and the whole gut digestibilities of DM, OM, N & ADF increased but in deminishig return. Total microbial N yield estimated from the urinary purine excretion were 15.35, 26.56 and 38.44 g/d for the treatment T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Both the N intake and the N balance increased linearly in response to increasing level of RMF. Supplementation of RMF linearly increased the energy intake and dietary energy concentration. Growth rate in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 112, 125 and 250 g/d respctively. The basal N excretion and the maintenance energy requirement of the experimental animals were estimated to be 615 mg/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ and 447 kJ/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. The estimated efficiency on N utilization was 0.83 mg/mg of N intake ($r^2=0.997$) while the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth was 0.15. Since animal refused higher levels of RMF, inclusion up to 2 kg level (about 25% of the total DM intake) appears to have no depressing effect on the performances of animal. However, RMF itself fail to meet the critical nutrient need of the rumen microbes. Therefore response of supplementing RMF after correcting the critical nutrient deficiency need to be studied.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1183-1192
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• 2022

Information and Information processing systems must maintain a certain level of security during the total life cycle of Information. To maintain a certain level of security, security management processes are applied to software, automobile development, and the U.S. federal government information system over a life cycle, but theme of no similar security management process in Korea. This paper proposes a Korean-style security risk management framework to maintain a certain level of security in the total life cycle of information and information processing system in the defense sector. By applied to the defense field, we intend to present the direction of defense security work in the future and induce an shift in security paradigm.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2024

The U.S. Department of Defense, leading global cybersecurity policies, has two main cybersecurity frameworks: the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) for external defense industry certification, and the Risk Management Framework (RMF) for internal organizational security assessments. For Republic of Korea military, starting from 2026, the Korean version of RMF (K-RMF) will be fully implemented. Domestic defense industry companies participating in projects commissioned by the U.S. Department of Defense must obtain CMMC certification by October 2025. In this paper, a new standard compliance meta-model (R3C) development methodology that can simultaneously support CMMC and RMF security audit readiness tasks is introduced, along with the implementation results of a compliance solution based on the R3C meta-model. This research is based on practical experience with the U.S. Department of Defense's cybersecurity regulations gained during the joint project by the South Korean and U.S. defense ministries' joint chiefs of staff since 2022. The developed compliance solution functions are being utilized in joint South Korean-U.S. military exercises. The compliance solution developed through this research is expected to be available for sale in the private sector and is anticipated to be highly valuable for domestic defense industry companies that need immediate CMMC certification.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2016

Staphylococcus aureus cultures exposed to rotating magnetic field (RMF) were studied in order to analyse the possible induced changes in staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (se) expression. Liquid cultures of S. aureus strains carrying different se were exposed to the RMF of magnetic frequency 50 Hz and magnetic induction 34 mT for 10 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Three time points of bacterial growth cycle were considered for RNA extractions. Gene expression analyses were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR method. The present study confirmed, that the RMF can stimulate the growth rate of S. aureus cultures in comparison to the unexposed controls, while the stimulation is not strain dependent. The studies have also shown, that the RMF, depending on the exposure time but regardless the bacterial strain, can influence on the expression of various se. In general, except for sea, as a result of bacterial exposure to the RMF through subsequent growth phases, the expression of se decreased, reaching the values below results recorded for unexposed controls. In the case of sea expression remained at a lower level as compared to the control, regardless the time of exposition.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.377-382
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• 2016

In this paper, influence of vibration on cogging torque and Radial Magnetic Force(RMF) imbalance was investigated in the IPM type BLDC motor. Design of cogging torque reduction and the RMF equilibrium was proceed applied to Design of Experiment(DOE). Vibration test results, the RMF imbalance was confirmed that a significant impact of vibration.